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1.1 This test method describes a procedure for making an evaluation of the quenching speed characteristics of petroleum fluids used in the quenching of metals by means of the Magnetic Quenchometer. Note 1-A comparison method for testing the hardenability of steel is Method A255. 1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Notes 5, 6, 17, 18, and 19.

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4.1 General—Most thickness gauges are not applicable to all combinations of coating-substrate thicknesses and materials. The limitations of a particular instrument are generally delineated by its manufacturer. The substrate material and coating combination to be measured as well as the inherent variations in the substrate and coating shall be reviewed prior to selecting the instrument to be used and the measurement accuracy required.4.2 Magnetic—Magnetic-type gauges measure either magnetic attraction between a magnet and a coating or its substrate, or reluctance of a magnetic flux path passing through the coating and substrate. These gauges are designed to measure thickness of a nonmagnetic coating on a magnetic substrate. Some of them will also measure thickness of nickel coatings on a magnetic or nonmagnetic substrate.64.3 Eddy Current—Eddy current-type thickness gauges are electronic instruments that measure variations in impedance of an eddy current inducing coil caused by coating thickness variations. They can only be used if the electrical conductivity of the coating differs significantly from that of the substrate.4.4 Accuracy—The accuracy of a measurement depends on the instrument, the foils, its calibration and standardization, and its operating conditions. The accuracy is also affected by the interferences listed in Section 5, such as part geometry (curvature), magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, and surface roughness.NOTE 2: This practice under ideal conditions may allow the coating thickness to be determined within ±10 % of its true thickness or to within ±2.5 μm (or ±0.0001 in.), whichever is the greater. (See exceptions in Appendix X2.)1.1 This practice covers the use of magnetic- and eddy current-type thickness instruments (gauges) for nondestructive thickness measurement of a coating on a metal (that is, electrically conducting) substrate. The substrate may be ferrous or nonferrous. The coating or plating being measured may be electrically conducting or insulating as well as ferrous or non-ferrous.1.2 More specific uses of these instruments are covered by Practice D7091 and the following test methods issued by ASTM: Test Methods B244, B499, and B530.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 Measurements made in accordance with this practice will be in compliance with the requirements of ISO 2178 as printed in 1982.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is one of those required to determine if the presence of a medical device may cause injury in the magnetic resonance environment. Other safety issues which should be addressed include but may not be limited to magnetically induced force (see Test Method F2052), RF heating (see Test Method F2182), and image artifact (see Test Method F2119). ISO TS 10974 addresses hazards produced by active implantable medical devices in the MR Environment.5.2 The terms MR Conditional, MR Safe, and MR Unsafe together with the corresponding icons in Practice F2503 shall be used to mark the device for safety in the MR environment.5.3 The acceptance criterion associated with this test shall be justified. If the maximum magnetically induced torque is less than the product of the longest dimension of the medical device and its weight, then the magnetically induced torque is less than the worst case torque on the device due to gravity. For this condition, it is assumed that any risk imposed by the application of the magnetically induced torque is no greater than any risk imposed by normal daily activity in the Earth's gravitational field. This is conservative. It is possible that greater torques also would not pose a hazard. (For example, device position with respect to adjacent tissue, tissue ingrowth, or other mechanisms may act to prevent device movement or forces produced by a magnetically induced torque that are greater than the torque due to gravity from causing harm to adjacent tissue.)5.4 This test method alone is not sufficient for determining if an implant is safe in the MR environment.5.5 The magnetically induced torque considered in this standard is the magneto-static torque due to the interaction of the MRI static magnetic field with the magnetization in the implant. The dynamic torque due to interaction of the static field with eddy currents induced in a rotating device is not addressed in this test method. Currents in lead wires may induce a torque as well.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the magnetically induced torque produced by the static magnetic field in the magnetic resonance environment on medical devices and the comparison of that torque a user-specified acceptance criterion.1.2 This test method does not address other possible safety issues which may include, but are not limited to, magnetically induced deflection force, tissue heating, device malfunction, imaging artifacts, acoustic noise, interaction among devices, and the functionality of the device and the MR system.1.3 The torque considered here is the magneto-static torque due to the interaction of the MRI static magnetic field with the magnetization of the implant. The dynamic torque due to interaction of the static field with eddy currents induced in a rotating device is not addressed in this test method. Torque induced by currents in lead wires is not addressed by this standard.1.4 The methods in this standard are applicable for MR systems with a horizontal magnetic field. Not all of the methods described in this standard are applicable for use in an MR system with a vertical magnetic field. The Suspension Method and the Low Friction Surface Method require gravity to be orthogonal to the magnetically induced torsion and may not be performed using a vertical magnetic field. The Torsional Spring and Pulley Methods can be adapted to work in a vertical magnetic field, however the example apparatus are not appropriate for use in a vertical magnetic field. The Calculation Based on Measured Displacement Force Method is independent of the MR system and thus could be used for an MR system with a vertical magnetic field.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is a derivative of Test Method A697/A697M specifically designed for testing of toroidal cores which are not covered in Test Method A697/A697M and for testing at magnetic flux densities above the knee of the magnetization curve.3.2 Specimen size typically ranges from 1 in. to 1.25 in. [25.4 mm to 31.8 mm] in inside diameter to 1.5 in. [38.1 mm] in outside diameter with weights ranging from 30 g to 60 g. Provided the test equipment is suitably chosen, there is no obvious limit to the overall size of core that can be tested. If basic material properties are desired, then the requirements of 5.1 must be observed.3.3 The reproducibility and repeatability of this test method are such that this test method is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research and development.3.4 When testing under sinusoidal flux conditions at magnetic flux densities approaching saturation, highly peaked magnetizing waveforms will be present, and the test instruments used must have crest factor capabilities of at least 3; otherwise erroneous results will be obtained.1.1 This test method covers the determination of several ac magnetic properties of either laminated ring or toroidal tape wound cores made from flat rolled product.1.2 This test method covers test equipment and procedures for determination of specific core loss, specific exciting power, and peak permeability for power and audio frequencies (50 Hz to 20 000 Hz) under sinusoidal flux conditions.1.3 This test method, because of the use of a feedback-controlled power amplifier, is well suited for determination of ac magnetic properties at magnetic flux densities above the knee of the magnetization curve and is particularly useful for testing of high-saturation iron-cobalt alloys (for example, alloys listed in Specification A801), although use of this test method is not restricted to a particular type of material.1.4 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M and Terminology A340.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice elaborates on the different types, definition of basic operational terms, conventions, referencing procedures and substances, and terms and recommended means for signal-to-noise ratio determination and data presentation in the area of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Some of the basic definitions apply to wide-line NMR or to NMR of metals, but this practice is generally not intended to cover these latter areas of NMR. Also, this version does not include definitions pertaining to double resonance, nor to rotating frame experiments.1.1 This standard contains definitions of basic terms, conventions, and recommended practices for data presentation in the area of high-resolution resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Some of the basic definitions apply to wide-line NMR or to NMR of metals, but in general it is not intended to cover these latter areas of NMR in this standard. This version does not include definitions pertaining to double resonance nor to rotating frame experiments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

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4.1 This test method provides a satisfactory means of determining various ac magnetic properties of amorphous magnetic materials. It was developed to supplement the testing of toroidal and Epstein specimens. For testing toroidal specimens of amorphous materials, refer to Test Method A912/A912M.4.2 The procedures described herein are suitable for use by manufacturers and users of amorphous magnetic materials for materials specification acceptance and manufacturing control.NOTE 2: This test method has been principally applied to the magnetic testing of thermally, magnetically annealed, and flattened amorphous strip at 50 and 60 Hz. Specific core loss at 13 or 14 kG [1.3 or 1.4 T], specific exciting power at 13 or 14 kG [1.3 or 1.4 T], and the flux density, B, at 1 Oe [79.6 A/m] are the recommended parameters for evaluating power grade amorphous materials.1.1 This test method covers tests for various magnetic properties of flat-cast amorphous magnetic materials at power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz) using sheet-type specimens in a yoke-type test fixture. It provides for testing using either single- or multiple-layer specimens.NOTE 1: This test method has been applied only at frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz, but with proper instrumentation and application of the principles of testing and calibration embodied in the test method, it is believed to be adaptable to testing at frequencies ranging from 25 to 400 Hz.1.2 This test method provides a test for specific core loss, specific exciting power and ac peak permeability at moderate and high flux densities, but is restricted to very soft magnetic materials with dc coercivities of 0.07 Oe [5.57 A/m] or less.1.3 The test method also provides procedures for calculating ac peak permeability from measured peak values of total exciting currents at magnetic field strengths up to about 2 Oe [159 A/m].1.4 Explanation of symbols and abbreviated definitions appear in the text of this test method. The official symbols and definitions are listed in Terminology A340.1.5 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.1.6 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice defines test lots and describes the selection and preparation of test specimens used in the determination of magnetic properties of various materials.4.2 A method of calculating the density of iron-base electrical steels is given and a table of assumed densities for magnetic testing of commercial soft magnetic alloys is provided.1.1 This practice covers sampling procedures and test practices for determination of various magnetic properties of both soft and hard magnetic materials.1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or independent of, the standard test methods and materials specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06. In the former situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly apply.1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

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3.1 Permeameters require the use of yokes to complete the magnetic circuit and are therefore inherently less accurate than ring test methods. Refer to Test Method A596/A596M for further details on ring test methods. However, when testing certain shapes as bars or when magnetic field strength in excess of 200 Oe [16 kA/m] is required, permeameters are the only practical means of measuring magnetic properties. 3.2 This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, research and development and design. 3.3 When the test specimen is fabricated from a larger sample and is in the same condition as the larger sample, it may not exhibit magnetic properties representative of the original sample. In such instances the test results, when viewed in context of past performance history, will be useful for judging the suitability of the material for the intended application. 1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the basic magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials in the form of bars, rods, wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded, rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal induction under symmetrically cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field strength. This method has been historically referred to as the ballistic test method. For testing hard or permanent magnet materials, Test Method A977/A977M shall be used. 1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M. 1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to above 5000 Oe [400 kA/m] through the use of several permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test region in several overlapping ranges. 1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be determined over the magnetic flux density range from essentially zero to the saturation induction for most materials. 1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1.2 Permeameters particularly well suited for general testing of soft magnetic materials are shown in boldface. Also, see Sections 3 and 4 for general limitations relative to the use of permeameters. 1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340. Note that the term magnetic flux density used in this document is synonymous with the term magnetic induction. FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Permeameter Note 1:  A1—Multirange ammeter (main current) A2—Multirange ammeter (hysteresis current) B—Magnetic flux density test position for Switch S3 F—Electronic Fluxmeter H—Magnetic field strength test position for Switch S3 N1—Magnetizing coil N2—Magnetic flux sensing (B) coil N3—Magnetic field strength (H) sensing coil R1—Main current control rheostat R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat S1—Reversing switch for magnetizing current S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat S3—Fluxmeter selector switch SP—Specimen 1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.8 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Description of Process—Magnetic particle testing consists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applying suitably prepared magnetic particles while the area is magnetized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any resulting particle accumulations. Maximum detectability occurs when the discontinuity is positioned on the surface and perpendicular to the magnetic flux.4.2 This practice establishes the basic parameters for controlling the application of the magnetic particle testing method. This practice is written so that it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the examination personnel and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed written procedure that conforms to the requirements of this practice.1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material. This practice is intended for aerospace applications using the wet fluorescent method. Refer to Practice E3024/E3024M for industrial applications. Guide E709 can be used in conjunction with this practice as a tutorial.NOTE 1: This practice replaces MIL-STD-1949.1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and semi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals and alloys such as austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1 for additional information.1.3 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.1.4 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.1.5 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTM standard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are included in the same standard, with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard.1.5.1 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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