5.1 Rock riprap and armor stone are composed of pieces of natural rock that are placed on construction projects, shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings, and other structures to minimize the effects of erosion. The ability of rock to withstand deterioration from weathering affects both the effectiveness of the project and its cost. The specific gravity and absorption of rock provide useful information that can be used in evaluating possible deterioration of rock.5.2 Bulk specific gravity and bulk specific gravity SSD may reflect the quality of rock and is important in that it may provide one indicator to the resistance of a rock to movement by water.5.3 The absorption of water into rock may affect its durability under freezing conditions and salt crystallization conditions. In addition, the absorption test has been used as an index test in determining whether additional tests are needed to evaluate the durability of a rock.5.4 Test specimens equal in size to the proposed design size would provide the best correlations between laboratory tests and actual field performance, however this is usually neither practical nor economically feasible.5.5 The results of these tests are not to be used as the sole basis for determination of rock durability, but should be used in conjunction with the results of other tests.5.6 These test methods have been used to evaluate different types of rocks. There have been rare occasions when test results have provided data that have not agreed with the durability of rock under actual field conditions. For example, some rocks with low absorption values have fragmented in actual usage and some with high absorption values have proven to be durable.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific gravity and absorption of rock for erosion control, commonly referred to as riprap or armor stone. The specific gravity may be expressed as bulk specific gravity or apparent specific gravity. Bulk specific gravity and absorption are based on a 24 ± 4-h soaking time for the rock specimens tested. This test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap, and gabion sized rock materials.1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine if the ECB meets specifications for mass per unit area. This measurement allows for a simple control of the delivered material by a comparison of the mass per unit area of the delivered material and the specified mass per unit area.5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete.5.3 Testing under this standard shall conform to the requirements of Practice D3740.1.1 This test method can be used as an index test to determine the mass per unit area of all erosion control blankets (ECBs).1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify collection, calculation, or recording of data in this test method is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses or both. Application of the results obtained using this test method is beyond its scope.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Geotextiles are to be properly manufactured in a manner consistent with a minimum level of quality control as determined by in-house testing of the final product. This practice sets forth the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and the minimum testing frequencies appropriate for geotextile manufacturing quality control.4.2 It should be clearly recognized that manufacturers may perform additional tests or at a greater frequency than set forth in this practice, or both. In this case the manufacturer’s quality control plan will take precedence over this practice.4.3 It should also be recognized that purchasers and installers of geotextiles may require additional tests or at a greater frequency than called for in this practice, or both. The organization(s) producing such project-specific specification or quality assurance plan should recognize that such requirements are beyond the current state of this practice. If such a request is made by the purchasers or installers, they should clearly communicate the requirements to the manufacturer or supplier during the contract decisions in order that disputes do not arise at a subsequent time.4.4 This practice provides guidance for sampling and testing as well as proper management of test data and certifications.1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing quality control of geotextiles, describing types of tests, the proper test methods, minimum testing frequencies, and best practices for sampling.1.2 This practice does not address manufacturing quality assurance, product acceptance testing, or conformance testing. These are independent activities taken by organizations other than the geotextiles manufacturer.1.3 This practice is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, installers, and end users of geotextiles in establishing a minimum level of effort for maintaining quality control.1.4 This practice covers procedures for sampling geotextiles for the purpose of manufacturing quality control (MQC). These procedures are designed to ensure that the correct number of representative samples are obtained and properly reported by the manufacturer.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This practice is consistent with a performance-based approach wherein the frequency of recalibration and instrument testing is linked to the results from continuing instrument quality control. Under the premise of this practice, a laboratory demonstrates that its instrument performance is acceptable for analyzing sample test sources.5.2 When a laboratory demonstrates acceptable performance based on continuing instrument quality control data (that is, control charts and tolerance charts), batch QC samples (that is, blanks, laboratory control samples, replicates, matrix spikes, and other batch QC samples as may be applicable) and independent reference materials, traditional schedule-driven instrument recalibration is permissible but unnecessary.5.3 When continuing instrument QC, batch QC, or independent reference material sample results indicate that instrument response has exceeded established control or tolerance limits, instrument calibration is required. Other actions related to sample analyses on the affected instruments may be required by the laboratory QM.5.4 The data obtained while following this practice will likely be stored electronically. The data remain in electronic storage, where they are readily available to produce plots, graphs, spreadsheets, and other types of displays and reports. The laboratory QM should specify the frequency and performance of data storage backup.1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the setup, calibration, and quality control of nuclear instruments. Setup establishes the operating parameters of the instrument—for example, voltage or discriminator settings. Calibrations determine the instrument’s response characteristics—for example, its counting efficiency or gain. Quality control ensures that the performance of the instrument remains acceptable for its intended use and consistent with the performance at the time of calibration.1.2 This practice addresses four of the most commonly used types of nuclear counting instruments: alpha-particle spectrometer, gamma-ray spectrometer, gas proportional counter, and liquid scintillation counter.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The fiber length of an HECP plays a role in the ability of the HECP to effectively be mixed and applied. This standard can be used by manufacturers to evaluate their manufacturing process (quality assurance/quality control). Laboratories can also use this method for quality assurance/quality control and also conformance to criteria testing.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by these test methods is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 Hydraulic erosion control product (HECP) fibers are manufactured and processed to specific length and width dimensions to facilitate the hydraulic application and to prevent clogging of the pump, recirculation pipes, nozzles, and tips. This test method is used to determine the length of the fibers on a percentage basis in an HECP.1.2 This test method can be used to evaluate an HECP during and after manufacturing. The results can be used for comparative evaluations of the manufacturing process.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Sieve designations are shown in both the standard and alternative designations.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 For criticality control of nuclear fuel in dry storage and transportation, the most commonly used neutron absorber materials are borated stainless steel alloys, borated aluminum alloys, and boron carbide aluminum alloy composites. The boron used in these neutron absorber materials may be natural or enriched in the nuclide 10B. The boron is usually incorporated either as an intermetallic phase (for example, AlB2, TiB2, CrB2, etc.) in an aluminum alloy or stainless steel, or as a stable chemical compound particulate such as boron carbide (B4C), typically in an aluminum MMC or cermet.4.2 While other neutron absorbers continue to be investigated, 10B has been most widely used in these applications, and it is the only thermal neutron absorber addressed in this standard.4.3 In service, many neutron absorber materials are inaccessible and not amenable to a surveillance program. These neutron absorber materials are often expected to perform over an extended period.4.4 Qualification and acceptance procedures demonstrate that the neutron absorber material has the necessary characteristics to perform its design functions during the service lifetime.4.5 The criticality control function of neutron absorber materials in dry cask storage systems and transportation packagings is only significant in the presence of a moderator, such as during loading of fuel under water, or water ingress resulting from hypothetical accident conditions.4.6 The expected users of this standard include designers, neutron absorber material suppliers and purchasers, government agencies, consultants and utility owners. Typical use of the practice is to summarize practices which provide input for design specification, material qualification, and production acceptance. Adherence to this standard does not guarantee regulatory approval; a government regulatory authority may require different tests or additional tests, and may impose limits or restrictions on the use of a neutron absorber material.1.1 This practice provides procedures for qualification and acceptance of neutron absorber materials used to provide criticality control by absorbing thermal neutrons in systems designed for nuclear fuel storage, transportation, or both.1.2 This practice is limited to neutron absorber materials consisting of metal alloys, metal matrix composites (MMCs), and cermets, clad or unclad, containing the neutron absorber boron-10 (10B).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass-bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices. This specification does not address inks, overlays, or other imaging methods that may be applied to retroreflective sheeting material to create traffic signs or other devices.1.2 Although this specification provides photometric requirements for retroreflective sheeting under evaluation, minimum performance requirements of in-service signs or other devices are outside the scope of this document.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Assumptions of the Theis (1) equation affect specific capacity and transmissivity estimated from specific capacity. These assumptions are given below:5.1.1 Aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic.5.1.2 Aquifer is horizontal, of uniform thickness, and infinite in areal extent.5.1.3 Aquifer is confined by impermeable strata on its upper and lower boundaries.5.1.4 Density gradient in the flowing fluid must be negligible and the viscous resistance to flow must obey Darcy's Law.5.1.5 Control well penetrates and receives water equally from the entire thickness of the aquifer.5.1.6 Control well has an infinitesimal diameter.5.1.7 Control well discharges at a constant rate.5.1.8 Control well operates at 100 percent efficiency.5.1.9 Aquifer remains saturated throughout the duration of pumping.5.2 Implications of Assumptions and Limitations of Method.5.2.1 The simplifying assumptions necessary for solution of the Theis equation and application of the method are never fully met in a field situation. The satisfactory use of the method may depend upon the application of one or more empirical correction factors being applied to the field data.5.2.2 Generally the values of transmissivity derived from specific capacity vary from those values determined from aquifer tests utilizing observation wells. These differences may reflect 1) that specific-capacity represents the response of a small part of the aquifer near the well and may be greatly influenced by conditions near the well such as a gravel pack or graded material resulting from well development, and 2) effects of well efficiency and partial penetration.5.2.3 The values of transmissivity estimated from specific capacity data are considered less accurate than values obtained from analysis of drawdowns that are observed some distance from the pumped well.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this practice is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.3 Withdrawal well test field procedures are used with appropriate analytical procedures in appropriate hydrogeological sites to determine transmissivity and storage coefficient of aquifers and hydraulic conductivity of confining beds.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for conducting a specific capacity test, computing the specific capacity of a control well, and estimating the transmissivity in the vicinity of the control well. Specific capacity is the well yield per unit drawdown at an identified time after pumping started.1.2 This practice is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050 for conducting withdrawal and injection well tests.1.3 The method of determining transmissivity from specific capacity is a variation of the nonequilibrium method of Theis (1)2 for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of an aquifer. The Theis nonequilibrium method is given in Practice D4106.1.4 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determining transmissivity are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of the Theis method.1.5 The scope of this practice is limited by the capabilities of the apparatus.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this practice are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this practice to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values for the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as noncompliance with this standard.1.8 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SNM monitors are an efficient and sensitive means of unobtrusively (without a body search) meeting the requirements of 10 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 73 or DOE Order 5632.4 (May 1986) that individuals exiting nuclear material access areas (MAAs) be searched for concealed SNM. The monitors sense radiation emitted by SNM, which is an excellent but otherwise imperceptible clue to the presence of the material. Because the monitors operate in a natural radiation environment and must detect small intensity increases as clues, the monitors must be well designed and maintained to operate without unnecessary nuisance alarms. This guide provides information on different types of monitors for searching pedestrians and vehicles. Each monitor has an inherent sensitivity at a particular nuisance alarm rate that must be low enough to maintain the monitor’credibility. Sensitivity and nuisance alarm rates are both governed by the alarm threshold so it is very important that corresponding values for both be known when measured, estimated, or specified values are discussed. Fitting SNM monitors into a facility physical protection plan must not only consider adequate sensitivity but also a sufficiently low nuisance alarm rate.1.1 This guide briefly describes the state-of-the-art of radiation monitors for detecting special nuclear material (SNM) (see 3.1.11) in order to establish the context in which to write performance standards for the monitors. This guide extracts information from technical documentation to provide information for selecting, calibrating, testing, and operating such radiation monitors when they are used for the control and protection of SNM. This guide offers an unobtrusive means of searching pedestrians, packages, and motor vehicles for concealed SNM as one part of a nuclear material control or security plan for nuclear materials. The radiation monitors can provide an efficient, sensitive, and reliable means of detecting the theft of small quantities of SNM while maintaining a low likelihood of nuisance alarms. 1.2 Dependable operation of SNM radiation monitors rests on selecting appropriate monitors for the task, operating them in a hospitable environment, and conducting an effective program to test, calibrate, and maintain them. Effective operation also requires training in the use of monitors for the security inspectors who attend them. Training is particularly important for hand-held monitoring where the inspector plays an important role in the search by scanning the instrument over pedestrians and packages or throughout a motor vehicle. 1.3 SNM radiation monitors are commercially available in three forms: 1.3.1 Small Hand-Held Monitors—These monitors may be used by an inspector to manually search pedestrians and vehicles that stop for inspection. 1.3.2 Automatic Pedestrian Monitors—These monitors are doorway or portal monitors that search pedestrians in motion as they pass between radiation detectors, or wait-in monitoring booths that make extended measurements to search pedestrians while they stop to obtain exit clearance. 1.3.3 Automatic Vehicle Monitors—These monitors are portals that monitor vehicles as they pass between radiation detectors, or vehicle monitoring stations that make extended measurements to search vehicles while they stop to obtain exit clearance. 1.4 Guidance for applying SNM monitors is available as Atomic Energy Commission/Nuclear Regulatory Commission (AEC/NRC) regulatory guides, AEC/ERDA/DOE performance standards, and more recently as handbooks and applications guides published by national laboratories under DOE sponsorship. This broad information base covering the pertinent physics, engineering practice, and equipment available for monitoring has had no automatic mechanism for periodic review and revision. This ASTM series of guides and standards will consolidate the information in a form that is reexamined and updated on a fixed schedule. 1.5 Up-to-date information on monitoring allows both nuclear facilities and regulatory agencies to be aware of the current range of monitoring alternatives. Up-to-date information also allows manufacturers to be aware of the current goals of facilities and regulators, for example, to obtain particular sensitivities at a low nuisance alarm rate with instrumentation that is dependable and easy to maintain. 1.6 This guide updates and expands the scope of NRC regulatory guides and AEC/ERDA/DOE SNM monitor performance standards using the listed publications as a technical basis. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification describes the Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS). This is a set of standard equipment behaviors that must be accessible under remote control to set up and operate laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. Discussed intensively herein are the equipment requirements, notations and general message syntaxes, control paradigms, message transactions, communication maintenance and locus of control, operational management, sample loading and processing, and error and exception handling.1.1 This specification covers deterministic remote control of laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. The labor-intensive process of integrating different equipment into an automated system is a primary problem in laboratory automation today. Hardware and software standards are needed to facilitate equipment integration thereby significantly reduce the cost and effort to develop fully automated laboratories.1.2 This Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS) describes a set of standard equipment behaviors that must be accessible under remote control to set up and operate laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. The remote control of the standard behaviors is defined as standard interactions that define the dialogue between the equipment and the control system that is necessary to coordinate operation. The interactions are described with state models in which individual states are defined for specific, discrete equipment behaviors. The interactions are designed to be independent of both the equipment and its function. Standard message exchanges are defined independently of any specific physical communication links or protocols for messages passing between the control system and the equipment.1.3 This specification is derived from the General Equipment Interface Definition developed by the Intelligent Systems and Robotics Center at Sandia National Laboratory, the National Institute of Standards Technologies' Consortium on Automated Analytical Laboratory Systems (CAALS) High-Level Communication Protocol, the CAALS Common Command Set, and the NISTIR 6294 (1-4). This LECIS specification was written, implemented, and tested by the Robotics and Automation Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory.1.4 Equipment Requirements-LECIS defines the remote control from a Task Sequence Controller (TSC) of devices exhibiting standard behaviors of laboratory equipment that meet the NIST CAALS requirements for Standard Laboratory Modules (SLMs) (5). These requirements are described in detail in Refs (3, 4). The requirements are:1.4.1 Predictable, deterministic behavior,1.4.2 Ability to be remotely controlled through a standard bidirectional communication link and protocol,1.4.3 Maintenance of remote communication even under local control,1.4.4 Single point of logical control,1.4.5 Universal unique identifier,1.4.6 Status information available at all times,1.4.7 Use of appropriate standards including the standard message exchange in this LECIS,1.4.8 Autonomy in operation (asynchronous operation with the TSC),1.4.9 Perturbation handling,1.4.10 Resource management1.4.11 Buffered inputs an outputs,1.4.12 Automated access to material ports,1.4.13 Exception monitoring and reporting,1.4.14 Data exchange via robust protocol,1.4.15 Fail-safe operation,1.4.16 Programmable configurations (for example, I/O ports),1.4.17 Independent power-up order, and1.4.18 Safe start-up behavior.

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5.1 The test is designed to quantify the amount of dust control material added to calcined coke. The dust control material is applied to calcined coke to help maintain a dust-free environment. It generally serves no other useful purpose. It adds mass to the coke and can have a negative effect on the quality of carbon and graphite artifacts made from the treated coke. For these reasons the coke customer wants to know the amount of dust control material on the coke and can specify a maximum level.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material applied to calcined coke to control dust associated with coke handling and transportation.1.2 This test method is limited to those materials that are soluble in a solvent that can be used in a Soxhlet extraction type of apparatus such as methylene chloride (dichloro-methane).NOTE 1: Methylene chloride is the most popular solvent for removing dust control oil at the time this procedure is being written. Toluene and methyl chloroform, however, have been used with equal results on all cokes tested which have included only those sprayed with aromatic or waxy materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides one way for a laboratory to develop data-based Type A estimates of uncertainty as referred to in Section A22 in Form and Style for ASTM Standards.4.2 Laboratories accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 are required to present uncertainty estimates for their test results. This practice provides procedures that use test results to develop uncertainty estimates for an individual laboratory.4.3 Generally, these test results will be from a single sample of stable and homogeneous material known as a control or check sample.4.4 The true value of the characteristic(s) of the control sample being measured will ordinarily be unknown. However, this methodology may also be used if the control sample is a reference material, in which case the test method bias may also be estimated and incorporated into the uncertainty estimate. Many test methods do not have true reference materials available to provide traceable chains of uncertainty estimation.4.5 This practice also allows for ongoing monitoring of the laboratory uncertainty. As estimates of the level of uncertainty change, possibly as contributions to uncertainty are identified and minimized, revision to the laboratory uncertainty will be possible.AbstractThis practice describes techniques for a laboratory to estimate the uncertainty of a test result using data from test results on a control sample. This practice provides one method for a laboratory to estimate Measurement Uncertainty in accordance with Section A22.3 in Form and Style for ASTM Standards. This practice describes the use of control charts to evaluate the data obtained and presents a special type of control chart to monitor the estimate of uncertainty.This practice provides one way for a laboratory to develop data-based Type A estimates of uncertainty as referred to in Section A22 in Form and Style for ASTM Standards.1.1 This practice describes techniques for a laboratory to estimate the uncertainty of a test result using data from test results on a control sample. This practice provides one method for a laboratory to estimate Measurement Uncertainty in accordance with Section A22.3 in Form and Style for ASTM Standards.1.2 Uncertainty as defined by this practice applies to the capabilities of a single laboratory. Any estimate of uncertainty determined through the use of this practice applies only to the individual laboratory for which the data are presented.1.3 The laboratory uses a well defined and established test method in determining a series of test results. The uncertainty estimated using this practice only applies when the same test method is followed. The uncertainty only applies for the material types represented by the control samples, and multiple control samples may be needed, especially if the method has different precision for different sample types or response levels.1.4 The uncertainty estimate determined by this practice represents the intermediate precision of test results. This estimate seeks to quantify the total variation expected within a single laboratory using a single established test method while incorporating as many known sources of variation as possible.1.5 This practice does not establish error estimates (error budget) attributed to individual factors that could influence uncertainty.1.6 This practice describes the use of control charts to evaluate the data obtained and presents a special type of control chart to monitor the estimate of uncertainty.1.7 The system of units for this standard is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the standard are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods. The examples are not binding on products or test methods treated.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The fiber composition and the type of binder used in the manufacture of mineral fiber insulation can sometimes create a potential for corrosion on certain metals in the presence of water or water vapor.5.2 The fiber composition and type of fire retardant used in the manufacture of cellulosic fiber insulation can sometimes create a potential for corrosion on certain metals in the presence of water or water vapor.5.3 This method is used to determine the relative corrosion potential of mineral or cellulosic fiber insulation on specific metals under elevated temperature and high humidity conditions only.1.1 This method provides a qualitative measure of the corrosiveness of mineral-fiber or cellulose fiber insulation by comparison to a control.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides a means of assuring that products supplied during ship construction and maintenance are substantially the same as the materials on which the original selection was based. The selection of a paint for shipboard use frequently involves laboratory and field evaluations of candidate materials as part of the specification process. When a paint is selected, it shall have the same composition and characteristics throughout the delivery period as the materials originally evaluated.5.1.1 When significant changes in composition or paint characteristics are observed, it is necessary to determine the cause of the change (production error or formulation change) and its impact on coating performance. Actions to take if a formulation change is required are specified in 6.5.5.2 This practice is not meant to cover all possible chemical or physical tests that may be used to identify a coating. Additional tests may be needed to meet specific user needs.5.3 This practice does not recommend specific tolerance limits for the tests indicated. Tolerance values need to be agreed upon by the coating supplier, the shipbuilder, and the ship’s owner.5.4 This practice does not establish critical attributes that must be controlled. These attributes are selected by the shipbuilder and the ship’s owner based on specific needs (for example, colors).1.1 This practice provides the quality control receipt inspection procedures for protective coatings (paints) procured for end item use on ships and other marine structures. The practice includes methods and procedures for verifying that coating materials received are within the range of physical and chemical characteristics as those originally specified and tested.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The principal purpose of irradiation is to help ensure the safety of these foods for human consumption. Irradiation significantly reduces the numbers of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-Producing E coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica.NOTE 3: Ionizing radiation doses below 10 kGy will reduce but may not eliminate spores of pathogenic bacteria including those of Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus.4.2 The process also inactivates parasites such as Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii.4.3 The process may extend the shelf life of fresh meat and poultry by reducing the numbers of viable, spoilage bacteria, such as Pseudomonas species and lactic acid bacilli.4.4 Radiation processing of fresh, frozen, or processed meat and poultry is a critical control point (CCP) of a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) program. It serves as an important measure to control any residual risk from pathogenic microorganisms before the product reaches the consumer (4).4.5 The “Recommended International Code of Practice for Radiation Processing of Food” (CAC/RCP 19-1979) of the Codex Alimentarius identifies the essential practices to be implemented to achieve effective radiation processing of food, in general, in a manner that maintains quality and yields food products that are safe and suitable for consumption.1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the irradiation of fresh, frozen, or processed meat and poultry.NOTE 1: The Codex Alimentarius Commission defines meat as “the edible part of any mammal” and poultry as “any domesticated bird, including chicken, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea-fowls, or pigeons” (CAC/MISC 5).NOTE 2: Current U.S. regulations limit the definition of meat and poultry as listed in 9 CFR Section 301.2 and 381.1, respectively. (2, 3).1.2 This guide covers the use of ionizing radiation to eliminate or reduce the numbers of vegetative, pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, and to extend the refrigerated shelf-life of those products by reducing the numbers of spoilage microorganisms in fresh, frozen, or processed meat and poultry. The absorbed dose for this application is typically less than 10 kGy.1.2.1 This guide covers gamma, electron beam, and X-radiation treatment.1.3 This guide addresses irradiation of pre-packaged product for retail sale or for use as an ingredient in other products. It also addresses the in-line irradiation of unpackaged product. Other specific ISO and ASTM standards exist for the irradiation of food. In those areas covered by ISO 14470, that standard takes precedence.1.4 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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