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ASTM D7841-13 Standard Practice for Sustainable Laundry Best Management Practices (Withdrawn 2022) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to identify and define sustainable laundry Best Management Practices (BMPs) that are used in commercial laundry facilities to reduce their impact on the environment.1.2 It is recommended that users rely on professional judgment informed by both environmental expertise and specific knowledge of the intended use of this practice. This practice provides instruction on interpretation of the data obtained. Interpretation of the data results in a determination of whether a laundry implements enough BMPs to be certified as complying with the requirements of this practice.1.3 The users of this practice include laundry professionals and inspectors who possess a broad understanding of environmental issues related to the operations and maintenance of laundry facilities.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Safety factors must be addressed and incorporated into the work to protect the workers and the public, and construction activities may need to be altered accordingly. Engineering and construction costs are a part of the analysis.4.2 Access rights to the work should be considered in the design of the project.4.3 A construction professional, who has field experience in construction activities similar to the scope of work anticipated, should review the plans for constructability prior to starting the project.4.4 Proper insurance and surety bonding to protect the interests of all parties to the agreement or contract should be considered.4.5 Risk management assessment will identify the parties that are in the best position to control and be responsible for the different risks.1.1 This guide addresses only primary safety concerns, easements, constructability, liability of the various parties, and risk management related to constructing, installing, maintaining, or changing an optical fiber network in an existing sewer.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. See 4.1 and 5.1 – 5.1.7 for specific safety information.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The intent of these principles and desired outcomes is to provide requirements and guidance for an effective and efficient system for (1) the acquisition of property, (2) the utilization of available property, and (3) the disposal of property. (40 U.S. Code § 101)4.2 Asset management practices shall seek, when viewed in totality, to be effective and efficient, to the point at which benefits exceed the costs of operation.4.3 The requirements and guidance in this practice shall be used to establish property management plans that strategically address organizational objectives including: scope, management system, management structure, process flows, alignment, internal controls, enforcement, risks, accountability, and resources to collectively realize optimal value from assets.4.4 The intent of this practice is to promote the right sizing and scope of the asset management activity to appropriately manage organizational assets.4.5 To establish a learning and innovative culture with continuous self-assessments and process improvements.4.6 To establish policies, systems, and processes to timely prevent, detect, and correct operational weaknesses and deficiencies in internal controls that may result in waste, fraud abuse, mismanagement, and corruption.1.1 This practice covers the creation of a set of guiding principles that, when adopted, is endorsed by top management to be applied to the practice of property management. These principles will enunciate the objectives and intent of the property (also known as “asset”) management community, stress simplified procedures, promote less rather than more, judgment rather than “by-the-book” decisions, and encourage the adoption of “best practices.”1.2 The acceptance of these guiding principles provides the high potential of improved internal controls and governance. It promotes a problem-solving mentality and culture within the property management community, encourages the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, creates greater commonality between government and industry practices, and increases the ability of organizations to respond to changing needs and business conditions.1.3 This practice adopts the concept that the potential benefits of operating in a manner consistent with a set of standards and guidelines outweigh concerns about the loss of predictability, uniformity, and consistency.1.4 This practice provides property management standards and guidance that may be used for various types of property including tangible, intangible, personal, and real.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Data on the composition and characteristics of water are frequently used to evaluate the health and safety to humans and the environment.5.2 Moreover, such data are frequently used for process control or to ascertain compliance with regulatory statutes that place limits on acceptable compositions and characteristics of waters.5.3 Laboratories that conduct water sampling and generate analytical data, and those persons who have the responsibility for selecting a laboratory to perform water quality studies, need to use criteria, guidelines, and recommendations that have been developed by consensus and are well accepted in making this selection.5.4 Demonstration and documentation by a laboratory that there was judicious selection and control of organization, facilities, resources, and operations will enhance the credibility of the data produced and promote its acceptance.1.1 This guide provides information on consensus good laboratory practices for laboratories that provide services in the sampling and analysis of water. As consensus standards, these are the minimum criteria that all laboratories should consider in establishing their good laboratory practices. This guide may not be applicable to certain types of laboratories (e.g., microbilogical).1.2 This guide is designed to be used by those responsible for the selection, operation, or control of laboratory organizations engaged in sampling and analysis of water.1.3 This guide presents features of organization, facilities, resources, and operations which affect the usefulness of the data generated.1.4 This guide presents criteria for selection and control of the features described in 1.3 and also makes recommendations for the correction of unacceptable performance.1.5 This guide describes methodology and practices intended to be completely consistent with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series of standards and Guide 25 – 1990 (1). 21.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This guide presents a logical process for determining the usability of environmental data for decision making activities. The process describes a series of steps to determine if the enviromental data were collected as planned by the project team and to determine if the a priori expectations/assumptions of the team were met.This guide identifies the technical issues pertinent to the integrity of the environmental sample collection and analysis process. It guides the data assessor and data user about the appropriate action to take when data fail to meet acceptable standards of quality and reliability.The guide discusses, in practical terms, the proper application of statistical procedures to evaluate the database. It emphasizes the major issues to be considered and provides references to more thorough statistical treatments for those users involved in detailed statistical assessments.This guide is intended for those who are responsible for making decisions about environmental waste management projects.1.1 This guide covers a practical strategy for examining an environmental project data collection effort and the resulting data to determine if they will support the intended use. It covers the review of project activities to determine conformance with the project plan and impact on data usability. This guide also leads the user through a logical sequence to determine which statistical protocols should be applied to the data.1.1.1 This guide does not establish criteria for the acceptance or use of data but instructs the assessor/user to use the criteria established by the project team during the planning (data quality objective process), and optimization and implementation (sampling and analysis plan) process.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The asset management career field has many career disciplines (particularly asset management consistent with ISO 55000 definitions, concepts, and requirements) that support an entity’s activities. These career titles may include, but are not limited to, industrial asset management specialists, asset administrators, property asset management, operations, accounting, database management, contract management, motor vehicle managers, and so forth. Career professionals not only manage assets, but may also perform audits or self-assessments, develop policies and procedures for the management of assets, supervise asset management operations within and across their entities, or act as a primary interface to customers for asset management related matters.4.2 ISO 55001 and ISO 55002 recommend entities determine the competency of personnel performing asset management functions to ensure that personnel are competent to perform assigned asset management functions based on education, training, or experience, or combinations thereof. ISO 55002 recommends that human resource skills improvement and competencies should be included in the entity’s asset management training plans. (See Table 1.)4.3 Entity adoption of an AMCD program enables asset management professionals to become fully competent in their chosen career field and allows for career progression which, in turn, will assist the entity in retaining competent asset management professionals.4.4 A properly designed and implemented AMCD program leads to assurance that asset management professional and support staff are sufficiently competent to meet industry technical standards, customer expectations, and that competence is no less than similar activities that customers require, and are needed to maximize the value of assets and the elimination of waste, fraud, and abuse.1.1 This guide provides the principles for an Asset Management Career Development program including education and training for professional employees engaged in the practice of asset management.1.2 As a guide, this is the consensus of the asset management profession for the requirements for an Asset Management Career Development (AMCD) program.1.3 The use of this guide by the profession can improve professional competence, enhance value from assets, reinforce or establish adequate internal controls, encourage a broader and higher level of competency and thinking by its practitioners, reinforce the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, create greater commonality between all entities that perform asset management, and increase the ability of entities to respond to changing needs and business conditions.1.4 The AMCD program establishes the recommended education, training, and experience requisites necessary for asset management activities to adequately support the missions and objectives of an entity’s asset management operations, and therefore supports the entities’ missions.1.5 The AMCD program is predicated on multiple levels of professional competency and achievement based on a combination of academic education and training and professional experience.1.6 It is the responsibility of each entity that adopts this guide to confirm the appropriateness of any specific education and training offerings.1.7 This guide encourages a broad and continuous self-study practice for those within the profession as applicable knowledge and lessons learned are disseminated continuously from multiple sources.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Environmental decisions often require the comparison of a statistic to a decision point or the comparison of a confidence limit to a regulatory limit to determine which of two alternate actions is the proper one to take.This practice provides a logical basis for statistically deriving a decision point, or a confidence limit as an alternative, for different underlying presumptions.This practice is useful to users of a planning process generally known as the data quality objectives (DQO) process (see Practice D5792), in which calculation of a decision point is needed for the decision rule.1.1 This practice covers a logical basis for the derivation of a decision point and confidence limit when mean concentration is used for making environmental waste management decisions. The determination of a decision point or confidence limit should be made in the context of the defined problem. The main focus of this practice is on the determination of a decision point.1.2 In environmental management decisions, the derivation of a decision point allows a direct comparison of a sample mean against this decision point, where similar decisions can be made by comparing a confidence limit against a concentration limit (for example, a regulatory limit, which will be used as a surrogate term for any concentration limit throughout this practice). This practice focuses on making environmental decisions using this kind of statistical comparison. Other factors, such as any qualitative information that may be important to decision-making, are not considered here.1.3 A decision point is a concentration level statistically derived based on a specified decision error and is used in a decision rule for the purpose of choosing between alternative actions.1.4 This practice derives the decision point and confidence limit in the framework of a statistical test of hypothesis under three different presumptions. The relationship between decision point and confidence limit is also described.1.5 Determination of decision points and confidence limits for statistics other than mean concentration is not covered in this practice. This practice also assumes that the data are normally distributed. When this assumption does not apply, a transformation to normalize the data may be needed. If other statistical tests such as nonparametric methods are used in the decision rule, this practice may not apply. When there are many data points below the detection limit, the methods in this practice may not apply.

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5.1 ISM Code Requirement—In 1989, IMO adopted guidelines on management for the safe operation of ships and pollution prevention that is now the International Safety Management (ISM) Code that was made mandatory for ships trading on international waters through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS). In 1995, the IMO Assembly adopted the guidelines on implementation of the ISM Code by administrations by Resolution A.788(19). These guidelines were revised and adopted as Resolution A.913(22) in 2001. The guidelines were further revised and adopted as Resolution A.1022(26) in 2009 and entered into force on 1 July 2010.5.1.1 ISM Code Purpose—The ISM Code is designed to improve the safety of international shipping and reduce pollution by encouraging self-regulation and oversight for identifying safety issues, taking corrective action, and promoting overall organization safety culture. The ISM Code establishes an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for the implementation of a SMS operating internationally.5.1.2 ISM Code Intent—The intent of the ISM Code is to support and encourage the development of a safety culture in shipping by moving away from a culture of “unthinking” compliance with external rules toward a culture of “thinking” self-regulation of safety and the development of a “safety culture” that identifies safety issues and concerns and promotes proactive corrective actions. The safety culture involves moving to a culture of self-regulation with every individual from the top to the bottom empowered to ownership, responsibility, and action for improving and addressing safety.5.2 Additional Applications—In addition to the ISM Code requirements, Flag States, industry organizations, and companies have initiated mandatory and nonmandatory SMS. All of these systems are being instituted to improve operational safety, identify safety issues, promote implementation of corrective actions, and improve overall organizational safety culture.5.2.1 Application/Use of Guide—The intention of this guide is to leverage mandatory or voluntary safety management systems already in place to identify and address proactively cybersecurity issues that is a critical and ever-increasing safety concern in maritime operations. The intent of this guide is to provide items for consideration, recommendations, and contribute to the thought process for incorporating cyber elements into existing SMSs by providing information, structure, and elements for consideration in working through the process.5.2.2 Limitation of Guide—This guide is not all encompassing but provides a foundation for starting the process by leveraging existing resource to address cybersecurity issues beginning with basic cyber hygiene and running all the way through nefarious intentional cyberattacks. This guide is interned to serve the entire maritime community but will be most beneficial to resource constrained organizations that may not have significant infrastructure or resources or both to secure comprehensive cybersecurity services and solutions.5.2.3 Focus Topics for Applying the Guide—Considerations that are covered in the guide include management of change, cyber risk assessment, development of mitigation strategies, implementation, training, documentation, auditing, as well as examples of template language that can be leverage in SMS applications.1.1 This guide is designed to provide the maritime industry guidance, information, and options for incorporating cyber elements into safety management systems (SMS) in accordance with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code and other national (United States) and international requirements.1.2 This guide will support U.S. maritime operating companies but is a guide only and does not recommend a specific course of action. However, this guide is to be used to improve cyber safety, address vulnerability, recommend and outline training, and raise knowledge and awareness of cyber threats by leveraging documented, auditable SMS mechanisms.1.3 The purpose of this guide is to offer guidance, information, and options based on a consensus of opinions but not to establish a standard practice. Each organization shall evaluate their SMS, their information management systems at sea and ashore, and the level of cyber risk that exists within the organization to determine the best methods of compliance with the cybersecurity requirements of the ISM Code or other legal or self-imposed requirements or both.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitions pertaining to the description, measurement, prediction, improvement, and management of buildings and building-related facilities, and, in particular, terms related to the standards generated by ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings.1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meanings and explanations of technical terms, written for both the technical expert and the non-expert user.1.3 This terminology is one of a group of special terminologies, subsidiary to the comprehensive Terminology E631.1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound terms appear in the natural spoken order. Where definitions herein are adopted from other sources, they are copied exactly. The source is identified at the right margin following the definition and is listed in Section 2. The equivalent term in French is listed in parentheses after the English term.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 A key objective of all pavement management systems (PMS) is to provide a factual basis for improving the quality of decision making regarding the budgeting, design, programming, construction, maintenance, and operation of a pavement network. Quality decision making requires a current inventory of the pavement system, evaluation of the present condition and use of the pavement system, estimation of future condition, and the implications of any changes in condition.3.2 This guide may be used to identify data needs for pavement management by considering the use, generic type, and relative importance of the pavement. It can also assist in identifying methods for obtaining the data.3.3 Any data element selected for collection should have a specific use and be of value in providing information from the PMS for the decision-making process.3.4 The specific type of data needed to make informed pavement management decisions will vary with such factors as the size, complexity, and condition of the pavement network, the levels of service to be provided, the agency budget, and budgeting process. Further, since pavement management is a dynamic process responsive to changes in technology, the data needs for a particular agency may be expected to change over time. Accordingly, judgment invariably will be required in applying this guide to develop a hierarchy of data needs.1.1 This guide identifies data needs for pavement management systems. It also addresses the relative importance of various types of pavement data.1.2 This guide was developed for use by federal, state, and local agencies, as well as consultants who provide services to those agencies.1.3 This guide describes a process and provides a set of recommendations that any agency may use to develop a plan for acquiring pavement management data. Any individual agency may justifiably assign higher or lower priority to specified data items depending on their needs and policy.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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