4.1 The estimation of average particle size has two chief functions: (1) as a guide to the degree of fineness or coarseness of a powder as this, in turn, is related to the flow and packing properties, and (1) as a control test on the uniformity of a product.4.2 These test methods provide procedures for determining the envelope-specific surface area of powders, from which is calculated an “average” particle diameter, assuming the particles are monosize, smooth surface, nonporous, spherical particles. For this reason, values obtained by these test methods will be reported as an average particle size or Fisher Number. The degree of correlation between the results of these test methods and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.4.3 These test methods are generally applicable to alumina and silica powders, for particles having diameters between 0.2 and 75 μm (MIC SAS) or between 0.5 and 50 μm (FSSS). They may be used for other similar ceramic powders, with caution as to their applicability. They should not be used for powders composed of particles whose shape is too far from equiaxed—that is, flakes or fibers. In these cases, it is permissible to use the test methods described only by agreement between the parties concerned. These test methods shall not be used for mixtures of different powders, nor for powders containing binders or lubricants. When the powder contains agglomerates, the measured surface area may be affected by the degree of agglomeration. Methods of de-agglomeration may be used if agreed upon between the parties concerned.4.4 When an “average” particle size of powders is determined using either the MIC SAS or the FSSS, it should be clearly kept in mind that this average size is derived from the determination of the specific surface area of the powder using a relationship that is true only for powders of uniform size and spherical shape. Thus, the results of these methods are only estimates of average particle size.1.1 These test methods cover the estimation of the average particle size in micrometres of alumina and silica powders using an air permeability method. The test methods are intended to apply to the testing of alumina and silica powders in the particle size range from 0.2 to 75 μm.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard, with the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm H2O—also long-standing practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Moisture analysis (along with purity) is used to calculate the amount of active polymer in the material and must be considered when determining the amount of sodium carboxymethylcellulose to use in various formulations.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:  SectionsMoisture 4 – 9Degree of Etherification:   Test Method A—Acid Wash 10 – 17 Test Method B—Nonaqueous Titration 10, 12, 18 – 23Viscosity 24 – 29Purity 30 – 37Sodium Glycolate 38 – 46Sodium Chloride 47 – 54Density 55 – 611.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 15.1 and 20.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total chlorine content, in concentrations below 1 weight percent, of epoxy resins. Both organic and inorganic chlorine compounds contained in the resin are determined. Epoxy resin is defined as the reaction product of a chlorohydrin and a di- or polyfunctional phenolic compound. 1.2 Two alternative test methods for determining chloride ion concentration resulting from combustion of the sample are included as follows: Sections Test Method A-Potentiometric Titration 6 to 10 Test Method B-Gravimetric Determination 11 to 15 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

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5.1 Safe and reliable mechanical properties for adhesives are necessary to achieve the full structural benefit of adhesives in bonded structural components and assemblies.5.2 An adhesive’s properties exhibit a natural variation or distribution of values. The allowable design stress for an adhesive must be adjusted to allow for variability and environmental effects to ensure human safety and prevent premature failure of costly structures.5.3 Modification factors can be applied to the allowable design stress by the design engineer as deemed appropriate for the expected service conditions of the adhesive, or in accordance with the requirements of a building code.5.4 The allowable properties developed under these methods apply only to the actual adhesive formulation tested and analyzed.5.5 The allowable properties developed for a given adhesive shall apply only to adhesive bondlines with thicknesses in the range for which data is available.1.1 These test methods cover the principles for establishing allowable mechanical properties for adhesives that can be used to design adhesive-bonded joints for structural components and assemblies of wood or wood with other materials. These test methods are modeled after Practice D245.1.2 The properties determined are allowable shear stress, allowable tensile stress, and allowable shear modulus.1.3 In determination of allowable shear- and tensile-stress levels, these test methods are limited by the horizontal shear and tension perpendicular-to-the-grain capacity of the wood adherends (hard maple, Acer saccharum, Marsh.). The adhesives so tested may actually have shear or tensile allowable stresses exceeding the wood, but the determined allowable design stress levels are limited (upper bounded) by the wood in these test methods. If a wood other than hard maple is used for testing the adhesive, then the allowable strengths are upper bounded by the properties of that particular wood.1.4 The strength properties are determined by standard ASTM test methods. As a result, only procedural variations from the standards and special directions for applying the results are given in these test methods.1.5 Time-to-failure data derived from creep-rupture testing (see Test Method D4680) provide a measure of the ultimate strength of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various levels of temperature and moisture.1.5.1 With proper caution, useful service life at a given shear stress level may be extrapolated from relatively short loading periods.1.6 The resistance of the adhesive to permanent loss of properties due to aging (permanence) is assessed by means of strength tests after constant elevated-temperature and moisture aging of test specimens.1.6.1 If the subject adhesives will be used to bond wood that has been treated with a preservative, fire retardant, or any other chemical to modify its properties, then the permanence of the adhesive shall be tested using wood adherends treated in the same manner.1.7 Factors for durability, permanence, and creep derived by shear tests and analysis, are assumed to apply to tension (normal-to-the-bond) strength as well.1.8 Requirements for production, inspection, and certification of adhesives evaluated under these test methods are not included.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These tests are intended mainly for referee purpose but may be used for quality control of rubber production. They may also be used in research and development work and for comparison of different samples in a standard formula.3.2 These tests may be used to obtain values for quality control acceptance of rubber.1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formula, mixing procedures, and test methods for the evaluation of halogenated isobutene-isoprene rubbers (BIIR and CIIR).1.2 Both mill and miniature internal mixer procedures are given.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These test methods are used to determine the purity of barium sulfate and to determine the concentration of known impurities. This information is useful to producers and users as an aid in the manufacture of coatings.1.1 These test methods cover the analysis of barium sulfate pigment.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The ASTM guidance manual, Form and Style for ASTM Standards,4 Section A21, requires a precision and bias statement in all ASTM test methods. Section A21.2.2 states:  Precision shall be estimated in accordance with the interlaboratory test program prescribed in Practice E691, Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method, or by an interlaboratory test program that yields equivalent information, for example, a standard practice developed by an ASTM technical committee.4.2 Practice D2777, Section 1.1, states:  This practice establishes uniform standards for estimating and expressing the precision and bias of applicable test methods for Committee D19 on Water. Statements of precision and bias in test methods are required by the Form and Style for ASTM Standards, “Section A21. Precision and Bias (Mandatory).” In principle, all (ASTM Committee D19) test methods are covered by this practice.4.3 Practice D2777, Section 1.2, requires a task group proposing a new test method to carry out a collaborative study from which concentration limits, repeatability and reproducibility precision and bias statements are developed.4.3.1 This guide describes options for developing and optimizing chemical test methods for Committee D19, not implementation of a test method by a laboratory. Refer to Guide E2857 for procedures used in validating existing test methods for your laboratory.4.3.2 The collaborative study described in Practice D2777 is not the test method validation. The collaborative study verifies the new test method is reproducible among different laboratories, different instruments/apparatus, and different analysts.4.3.3 Practice D2777, Section 6.1, assumes the test method has already been optimized prior to conducting the collaborative study.4.4 Practice D2777, Section 4 (Summary of Practice), requires, a collaborative study only after the task group has assured itself that preliminary evaluation work is complete and the test method has been written in its final form.4.5 Practice D2777, Section 5.2 (), requires the collaborative test corroborates the test method write up (preliminary evaluation) within the limits of the test design.4.5.1 The assumption is that the collaborative study is a fair evaluation of the inter-laboratory variability when using the test method to analyze the matrices, and concentration ranges specified in the test method.4.6 Practice D2777, Section 6 (Preliminary Studies), requires considerable pilot work on a test method should precede the determination of precision and bias (collaborative study). This pilot work evaluates such variables as:4.6.1 Representative Sampling,4.6.2 Suitability of containers,4.6.3 Preservation requirements,4.6.4 Identification of interferences,4.6.5 Holding times (Practice D4841),4.6.6 Concentration range,4.6.7 Quantitation ranges,4.6.8 Concentration and preparation of reagents,4.6.9 Reagent standardization,4.6.10 Shelf life of reagents,4.6.11 Calibration,4.6.12 QC, and4.6.13 Sample size.4.7 Potentially significant factors are investigated in advance and are controlled in the written test method that is distributed for the collaborative test.4.8 Only after the proposed test method has been thoroughly tried and proved and reduced to unequivocal written form should a collaborative test be conducted.4.9 The Committee D19 test method is written in two steps:4.9.1 Step I—Single laboratory characterization or optimization (Practice D2777, Section 6.3.1.1).4.9.2 Step II—Collaborative study (Practice D2777, Section 6.3.1.2).4.10 This document is a guide to Committee D19 task groups developing chemical test methods.1.1 This guide identifies procedures for use in developing and optimizing new or modified Subcommitees D19.05 and D19.06 test methods intended for regulatory compliance reporting in EPA drinking water and wastewater programs. This guide may also be useful for developing test methods for emerging contaminants that may not yet have regulatory requirements.1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures that are useful in the single laboratory characterization and optimization and in the inter-laboratory studies (ILSs).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated tapes to be used as electrical insulation. These tapes are classified as follows:1.1.1 Class 1—Non-elastomeric backings made from materials such as:  Paper, flat or creped,  Fabric, uncoated or coated,  Cellulose ester films,  Polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) films,  Fluorocarbon polymer films,  Composite filament films,  Polyamide films,  Polyimide films, and  Combinations thereof.1.1.2 Class 2—Elastomeric backings that are characterized by both high stretch and substantial recovery. These backings are made from materials such as:  Vinyl chloride and co-polymers,  Vinylidene chloride and co-polymers, and  Polyethylene and co-polymers.1.2 Test laminates of Class 1 and Class 2 backings according to Class 1 test methods.1.3 The procedures appear in the sections indicated below and in alphabetical order:Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Room Temperature 46 – 53Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Low Temperatures 46 – 53Bond Strength After Solvent Immersion 110 – 115Breaking Strength and Elongation at Room Temperature 37 – 45Breaking Strength and Elongation at Low Temperatures 37 – 45Conditioning 6 – 8Curling and Twisting 140 – 146Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 83 – 90Effect of Accelerated Aging on High-Temperature Tapes 97 – 103Flagging 66 – 76Flammability 104 – 109Hazards/Precautions 3Insulation Resistance at High Humidity 91 – 96Length of Tape in a Roll 28 – 36Oil Resistance 116 – 122Puncture Resistance 123 – 128Resistance to Accelerated Aging (Heat and Moisture) 129 – 139Sampling 4Specimen Preparation 5Thermosetting Properties 77 – 82Thickness 21 – 27Unwind Force at Room Temperature 54 – 65Unwind Force at Low Temperatures 54 – 65Width 11 – 20NOTE 1: These procedures apply to both Class 1 and Class 2 tapes except as noted above.1.4 This is a fire-test response standard (see Section 104).1.5 The values stated in SI units are the standard, unless otherwise noted. If a value for measurement is followed by a value in inch-pound or English units in parentheses, it is likely that the second value will only be approximate and it is for information only. The first stated value is the preferred unit.NOTE 2: These test methods are similar to IEC 60454–3, but may differ sometimes in some details.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 3.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThese test methods cover the testing of fibrous-insulated electrical conductors, commonly referred to as magnet wire, which are used in electrical apparatus. The test methods are intended primarily for evaluation of the electrical insulating materials used. It is intended that these test methods be used, except where modified by individual specifications for particular applications. This elongation testing method covers the determination of the elongation of fibrous insulated magnet wire that results in a fracture of the conductor. The electrical resistance testing method covers the determination of the electrical resistance of fibrous insulated magnet wire conductors. The fibrous coverage testing method covers the determination of the quality of fibrous servings on round magnet wire or bare conductor. The measurement of dimensions test methods determine the dimensions of the bare or film insulated conductor and the fibrous-insulated magnet wire. The adhesion and flexibility test method covers the evaluation of the flexibility and adherence of varnished fibrous glass, and varnished or unvarnished fibrous polyester-glass insulating material on either bare conductor, or film-insulated magnet wire. The dielectric breakdown voltage test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage in air of insulation on round, rectangular, and square wires at commercial power frequencies.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of fibrous-insulated electrical conductors, commonly referred to as magnet wire, which are used in electrical apparatus. The test methods are intended primarily for evaluation of the electrical insulating materials used. It is intended that these test methods be used, except where modified by individual specifications for particular applications.1.1.1 These test methods apply to those magnet wires that are fiber-covered and in which the substrate is bare conductor or is coated with an underlying insulating film as covered by Test Methods D1676. Fiber-covered wires are produced by serving helically or wrapping fibers or fibrous-tape insulation uniformly around the wire in single and multiple layers. The served or wrapped materials are bonded or not bonded to the underlying wire.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionMeasurement of Dimensions 7Electrical Resistance of Conductors 5Elongation 4Adhesion and Flexibility 8Fibrous Coverage 6Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 91.3 This standard and IEC 60851 are similar if not equivalent in technical content.1.4 This standard and NEMA MW 1000 are similar if not equivalent in technical content.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 8.4.1 and 9.4.1 for specific caution statements.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test widely used in the practice of air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emission rates to the atmosphere.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal and state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are often necessary as a means of demonstrating conformance with contractual performance specifications.5.2 The collected residue obtained with these test methods is also important in characterizing stack emissions. However, the utility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected residue is performed.1.1 These test methods describe procedures to determine the mass emission rates of particulate matter and collected residue in gaseous streams by in-stack test methods (Test Method A) or out-of-stack test methods (Test Method B).1.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring particulate matter and collected residue concentrations.1.3 These test methods include a description of equipment and procedures to be used for obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, a description of equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and a description of procedures for calculating results.1.4 These test methods are applicable for sampling particulate matter and collected residue in wet (Test Method A or B) or dry (Test Method A) streams before and after particulate matter control equipment, and for determination of control device particulate matter collection efficiency.1.5 These test methods are also applicable for determining compliance with regulations and statutes limiting particulate matter existing in stack gases when approved by federal or state agencies.1.6 The particulate matter and collected residue samples collected by these test methods may be used for subsequent size and chemical analysis.1.7 These test methods describe the instrumentation, equipment, and operational procedures, including site selection, necessary for sampling and determination of particulate mass emissions. These test methods also include procedures for collection and gravimetric determination of residues collected in an impinger-condenser train. The sampling and analysis of particulate matter may be performed independently or simultaneously with the determination of collected residue.1.8 These test methods provide for the use of optional filter designs and filter material as necessary to accommodate the wide range of particulate matter loadings to which the test methods are applicable.1.9 Stack temperatures limitation for Test Method A is approximately 400°C (752°F) and for Test Method B is 815°C (1500°F).1.10 A known limitation of these test methods concerns the use of collected residue data. Since some collected residues can be formed in the sample train by chemical reaction in addition to condensation, these data should not be used without prior characterization (see 4.4.1).1.10.1 A second limitation concerns the use of the test methods for sampling gas streams containing fluoride, or ammonia or calcium compounds in the presence of sulfur dioxide and other reactive species having the potential to react within the sample train.1.10.2 A suspected but unverified limitation of these test methods concerns the possible vaporization and loss of collected particulate organic matter during a sampling run.1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard within the text. The inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance to this standard.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system shall be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice shall be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements.5.2 In order for users of D19 test methods to achieve consistently valid results, a minimum level of QC shall be performed. This minimum level of QC is stipulated in this practice and by the task groups developing D19 test methods. If the specific requirements outlined in this practice are not applicable to the test method, alternative QC shall be defined in the test method.1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D19.1.2 ASTM International has adopted the following:  Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D19 on Water.     GENERAL—By July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice.         NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTING—As of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor or equivalent shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this practice and Practice D2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor or equivalent shall be obtained.         OLDER VALIDATED METHODS—Standard test methods that were validated using Practices D2777 – 77, D2777 – 86, or D2777 – 94, when balloted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published test method.  1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D19 test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum competency in the performance of these test methods by comparison with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing competency.1.4 This practice contains the primary requirements for QC of a specific test method. In many cases, it may be desirable to implement additional QC requirements to assure the desired quality of data.1.5 The specific requirements in this practice may not be applicable to all test methods. These requirements may vary depending on the type of test method used as well as the analyte being determined and the sample matrix being analyzed.1.5.1 If there are compelling reasons why any of the specific QC requirements listed in this practice are not applicable to a specific test method, these reasons shall be documented in the QC section of the test method.1.5.2 With the approval of Committee D19 on the recommendation of the D19 Results Advisor or equivalent and the Technical Operations section of the Executive Subcommittee, a statement giving the compelling reasons why compliance with all or specific points of this practice cannot be achieved will meet the requirements of both ASTM and this practice.1.6 This practice is for use with quantitative test methods and may not be applicable to qualitative test methods.1.7 Presently, this practice is applicable primarily to chemical test methods. It is intended that, in future revisions, the practice will be expanded to include other test methods such as microbiological test methods.1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice is intended to provide accepted procedures to designers and installers of cement-based adhered masonry veneer in residential and commercial construction. This information is meant to complement the specific installation instructions provided by manufacturers of cement-based adhered masonry veneers and recognized building codes, but is not meant to replace them. This practice does not address installation methods or techniques for all materials in the building envelope. This practice covers the installation of cement-based adhered masonry veneer units for application as adhered veneer to exterior and interior walls, columns, landscape structures and other structures suitable to receive adhered veneer. The units included in this practice are manufactured to meet the requirements of Specification C1670/C1670M or C1877. This practice is limited to the installation of units. This practice does not cover all flashing or moisture management requirements. Refer to the applicable building code and project documents for additional flashing and moisture management requirements.NOTE 1: The National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) publication Installation Guide and Detailing Options for Compliance with ASTM C1780 for Adhered Manufactured Stone Veneer provides generally accepted methods and details for installation and flashing for manufactured stone veneer.NOTE 2: This standard was developed for the installation of cement-based adhered veneer units manufactured from wet-cast concrete or dry-cast concrete. Refer to Guide C1242 for installation of adhered natural stone veneer.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 All workmanship and materials related to the installation of cement-based adhered masonry veneer units shall meet the requirements of the contract documents and building code having jurisdiction over the project.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 In production of paints, smoothness of the paint film is of paramount importance. Agglomerates or coarse particles larger than 45 μm are difficult to disperse and may prevent obtaining a smooth film. These test methods are a valuable quality control test for grading raw materials.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of coarse particles in dry pigments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods provide procedures for determining the envelope-specific surface area of powders, from which is calculated an “average” particle diameter, assuming the particles are monosize, smooth surface, nonporous, spherical particles. For this reason, values obtained by these test methods will be reported as an average particle size. The degree of correlation between the results of these test methods and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.4.2 These test methods are generally applicable to all powders, including metals (see Test Methods B330 for specific metal powder requirements), ceramics, and organic materials, for particles having diameters between 0.2 and 75 µm. They should not be used for powders composed of particles whose shape is too far from equiaxed – that is, flakes or fibers. In these cases, it is permissible to use the test methods described only by agreement between the parties concerned. These test methods shall not be used for mixtures of different powders, nor for powders containing binders or lubricants. When the powder contains agglomerates, the measured surface area may be affected by the degree of agglomeration. Methods of de-agglomeration such as that specified in Practice B859 may be used if agreed upon between the parties concerned.4.3 When an “average” particle size of powders is determined by these methods, it should be clearly kept in mind that this average size is derived from the determination of the specific surface area of the powder using a relationship that is true only for powders of uniform size and spherical shape. Thus, the results of these methods are only estimates of average particle size.4.4 Reported particle size measurement is a function of both the actual dimension and shape factor as well as the particular physical or chemical properties of the particle being measured. Caution is required when comparing data from instruments operating on different physical or chemical parameters or with different particle size measurement ranges. Sample acquisition, handling, and preparation can also affect reported particle size results.1.1 These test methods use air permeability to determine an envelope-specific surface area and its associated average equivalent spherical diameter (from 0.2 to 75 µm) of powders. Two test methods are described: One test method for inorganic materials (Test Method 1), and another test method for organic materials (Test Method 2). The values obtained are not intended to be absolute but are generally useful on a relative basis for control purposes.1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm H2O – also long-standing practice; the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In order for a coating is to fulfill its function of protecting or decorating a substrate, the coating must remain adhered to the substrate. Because the substrate and its surface preparation (or lack thereof) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings, a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different coatings to the same substrate, is of considerable usefulness in the industry.5.2 This test method is limited to evaluating lower levels of adhesion (see 1.3). The intra- and inter-laboratory precision of this test method is similar to other test methods for coated substrates (for example, Test Method D2370 and Test Method D4060), and is insensitive to all but large differences in adhesion. Limiting the range of rankings from 0 to 5 reflects the inability of this test method to make fine distinctions between levels of adhesion. Users shall not use intermediate values for ranking adhesion tests within this method.5.3 Extremes in temperatures or relative humidity may affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.5.4 A given tape may not adhere equally well to different coatings due to several factors, including differences in coating composition and topology. As such, no single tape is likely to be suitable for testing all coatings. Furthermore, these test methods do not give an absolute value for the force required for bond rupture, but serves only as an indicator that some minimum value for bond strength was met or exceeded (1, 2).65.5 Operators performing these test methods must be trained and practiced in order to obtain consistent results. The accuracy and precision of the test result obtained by using these methods depends largely upon the skill of the operator and the operator's ability to perform the test in a consistent manner. Key steps that directly reflect the importance of operator skill include the angle and rate of tape removal and the visual assessment of the tested sample. It is not unexpected that different operators might obtain different results (1, 2).5.6 The standard requires that the free end of the tape be removed rapidly at as close to a 180° angle as possible. When the peel angle and rate vary, the force required to remove the tape can change dramatically due to the rheological properties of the backing and adhesive. Variation in pull rate and peel angle can effect large differences in test values and must be minimized to assure reproducibility (3).NOTE 1: These test methods have been reported being used to measure adhesion of organic coatings on non-metallic substrates (for example, wood and plastic), although related precision and bias data is lacking. If testing coatings on non-metallic substrates, either Test Method A or Test Method B may be more appropriate and the method employed should be discussed by interested parties. Issues with plastic substrates are noted in Appendix X1. A similar test method, ISO 2409, permits tests on non-metallic substrates (for example, wood and plaster). Precision and bias data on the latter is lacking. Test Method D3359 was developed with metal as the substrate and, in the absence of supporting precision and bias data, is so limited.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of relatively ductile coating films to metallic substrates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the film.1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended to rate the adhesion of coatings and coating systems greater than 125 μm (5 mils) in total thickness, while Test Method B is primarily intended to rate the adhesion of coatings and coating systems less than 125 μm (5 mils) in total thickness. Test Method B is not considered suitable for films thicker than 125 μm (5 mils) unless wider spaced cuts are employed and there is an explicit agreement between the purchaser and seller. If the thickness of the coating or coating system has not been predetermined, employ the use of a standard such as Practice D7091 or other appropriate standard agreed upon by interested parties prior to proceeding.1.3 These test methods are used to evaluate whether the adhesion of a coating to a substrate is adequate for the user’s application. They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are required.1.4 This test method is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 2409.1.5 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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