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4.1 Aircraft flying in national airspace are required by the ICAO Chicago Convention and national regulatory rules to have visible markings to determine nationality and registration. UAS shall comply with these rules, although small UAS will have unique rules or exemptions from existing rules due to their small size. This standard is designed to allow UAS to comply with these marking requirements in Annex 7 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation as amended by state regulatory rules.4.2 Many ICAO states are assigning UAS to different classes and categories to define the rules UAS must operate under. The ICAO Annex 7 Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) apply to UAS Aircraft with the exception of small UAS. The classification of what constitutes a small UAS (sUAS) has been left to ICAO states and the rules under which sUAS operate are dictated by each state.4.3 This practice follows ICAO Annex 7 SARPS except in areas where the unique aspects of UAS may not allow compliance. In these cases, this document will address the issue and recommend the need for an alternate compliance method.1.1 This practice prescribes guidelines for the display of marks to indicate appropriate UAS registration and ownership for all Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) except those categorized as small UAS (sUAS) by regulatory authorities. The FAA is developing a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) to define the term small UAS and provide regulations for these aircraft.1.2 This practice will allow determination of nationality in cases where UAS may cross international boundaries.1.3 This practice does not apply to sUAS. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has left the designation of sUAS to each state and the states will develop rules and regulations for sUAS.1.4 This practice does not apply to model aircraft.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 RADT Object Model as a Basis for Communication—The RADT object model is the first model used to create a common library of consistent entities (objects) and their attributes in the terminology of object analytical models as applied to the healthcare domain. These object models can be used to construct and refine standards relating to healt care information and its management. Since the RADT object model underpins the design and implementation of specific systems, it provides the framework for establishing the systematics of managing observations made during health care. The observations recorded during health care not only become the basis for managing an individual's health care by practitioners but are also used for research and resource management. They define the common language for abstracting and codifying observations. The inconsistency and incompleteness of the data recorded in paper records is well known and has been noted by the Institute of Medicine's study (4). The ability to build the recommended EHR begins with RADT, as noted in Practice E1239. A more detailed specification of the RADT process and its specific functional domain shall begin with a formal model. Furthermore, following agreement on the initial model, that model shall evolve as knowledge accumulates and the initial view of the healthcare domain extends to other social and psychologic processes that link healthcare with other functional domains of society. The management of lifelong cases of care, such as those of birth defects in newborns, will involve interactions with social work and educational functional domains of experience. It has been recognized for some time (5) that a “healthcare team,” in the broader sense, is involved in dealing with these complex cases. The RADT model is the core to linking these functional domains together in a transparent way. For that reason, the object terminology is used to enable the most global view and vernacular that will facilitate communication among technical specialties that participate in managing some aspect of health care or that build systems to manage the required information.5.2 Common Terminology as a Basis for Education—The use of models and their associated terminology implies that education of the healthcare practitioners shall incorporate this view to a significant extent. While a detailed specification of systems requires extensive lexicons of carefully defined terms, a more understandable terminology shall evolve for the process of educating practitioners during their formal education as well as continuing to educate current practioners concerning how this new technology can be integrated with their existing practices. This challenge has yet to be met, but the objects and modeling concepts presented here are intended to be named with the most intuitive titles in order to promote clear understanding during their use in instruction. Nevertheless, relating these objects and their properties to everyday practice remains a significant challenge, for both the implementors of systems and educators. The perspectives cataloged here can be used in the creation of system documentation and curricula represented in a variety of media.1.1 This practice is intended to amplify Practice E1239 and to complement Practice E1384 by detailing the objects that make up the reservation, registration, admitting, discharge, and transfer (RADT) functional domain of the computer-based record of care (CPR). As identified in Practice E1239, this domain is seminal to all patient record and ancillary system functions, including messaging functions used in telecommunications. For example, it is applicable to clinical laboratory information management systems, pharmacy information management systems, and radiology, or other image management, information management systems. The object model terminology is used to be compatible with other national and international standards for healthcare data and information systems engineering or telecommunications standards applied to healthcare data or systems. This practice is intended for those familiar with modeling concepts, system design, and implementation. It is not intended for the general computer user or as an initial introduction to the concepts.

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Background:Effective health care delivery requires an efficient information base. A standard description is needed regarding the capabilities of Registration-Admission, Discharge, Transfer (R-ADT) Systems in both automated hospital and ambulatory care information systems. This practice is intended not only to provide a common explanation of the minimum information elements required in such systems, thus augmenting those already published , but also to provide the basis for future patient data interchange formats. This practice has been developed to serve as a uniform minimum description of R-ADT functional components that should be common in all systems and used in both transportable general purpose and custom developed systems. This description requires acceptance of the premise regarding the need for logical integration of concepts in systems development. In the integrated systems concept, the R-ADT function is the foundation module for all patient information and communication among all departments, and it is used in initiating services within the patient care setting. A common R-ADT system in a hospital enables all departments to streamline the initiation and tracking of the services they provide to patients; it also provides an opportunity for accurate tracking of patient movement throughout a hospital stay, for instance, and the linkage of inpatient and outpatient services. It is also the system which provides all inpatient census-related administrative reports. Likewise, an R-ADT component in an Enterprise Architecture captures the initial patient demographic profile for the EHR and is subsequently accessed in posting an individual's clinical data, for inquiry regarding that clinical data and for linkage to financial records. It is an integral part of the EHR function. It may also be linked to other systems which provide patient care information management capabilities.A registration system is capable of providing the initial information capture for all health care facilities; an ADT subsystem can provide common admitting data for all departments in hospitals and other inpatient facilities. Establishing a standard description of a logical R-ADT process model is useful because that standard will become a reference for other documents describing the other functional subsystems used in patient care information systems. It is understood that a minimum set of information elements must be initially captured upon registration and then used for all subsequent ambulatory or inpatient care; the subsequent minimum set of admitting elements is then used to drive or initiate additional services for patients through each subsystem. With a standard minimum R-ADT component definition, standards for constituent subsystems can now be coordinated and developed through reference to this model. This description should be used by vendors and subsystem designers who need to develop their systems in a coordinated and integrated way so that each subsystem will contribute modularly with overall systems planning for the user organization. Such modularity will aid management who are assigned to evaluate each system and subsystem in order to assess the potential of existing technology to provide the needed patient care information management systems capabilities.Use—This practice is written assuming that the health care facility will have several options for gaining the R-ADT capability and may either acquire a system from a commercial vendor or design an integrated in-house system which may be a component of an ambulatory care practice or a hospital information system. Many of the characteristics of existing vendor systems are conventional and can interoperate; the care facility may simply need to identify whether or not the offered features meet its needs. Beyond the general capabilities, the unique systems capabilities can then be identified and structured to meet the special needs of that individual enterprise. A more accurate selection can therefore be made from the features offered by vendors if each health care facility/hospital carefully identifies its own R-ADT functional requirements with the aid of this guide prior to evaluating candidate systems or development approaches and specifying that these requirements be met.4.3 Role of R-ADT Systems in Integrated Delivery Systems—Registration/Reservation-Admission, Discharge. Transfer functions in integrated delivery systems need to provide a uniform enterprise view with data accessible across the IDS. Typical functions in this environment may include registration to an enterprise master patient index, reporting capabilities on R-ADT functions, enterprise scheduling and enterprise capabilities for eligibility and utilization management. Patient data collected should be transferable to medical record abstract applications and contribute to clinical repositories to maintain longitudinal focus to evolve toward electronic health records. IDS networks provide infrastructure and should conform to enterprise technical security requirements that meet legal and accreditation requirements.1.1 This practice identifies the minimum information capabilities needed by an ambulatory care system or a resident facility R-ADT system. This practice is intended to depict the processes of: patient registration, inpatient admission into health care institutions and the use of registration data in establishing and using the demographic segments of the electronic health record. It also identifies a common core of informational elements needed in this R-ADT process and outlines those organizational elements that may use these segments. Furthermore, this guide identifies the minimum general requirements for R-ADT and helps identify many of the additional specific requirements for such systems. The data elements described may not all be needed but, if used, they must be used in the way specified so that each record segment has comparable data. This practice will help answer questions faced by designers of R-ADT capabilities by providing a clear description of the consensus of health care professionals regarding a uniform set of minimum data elements used by R-ADT functions in each component of the larger system. It will also help educate health care professionals in the general principles of patient care information management as well as the details of the constituent specialty areas.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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5.1 This guide recommends practices and solutions for global supply chain information exchange for substances, preparations, and articles as identified by REACH. The first five annexes of REACH guidance standards serve as a central repository for REACH industry guidance that spans industry sectors and facilitates collaboration across complex global supply chains. Annexes 6-9 provide key EU guidance on information exchange in the supply chain.5.2 Section 6 outlines the information that is to be exchanged in the supply chain both in the upstream and downstream directions.1.1 This guide will assist companies that manufacture, buy, or sell, or both, substances, preparations, and articles to ensure that supply chains comply with the European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. This is accomplished by identifying the specific information elements that must be specified, requested and exchanged in communication between actors in the supply chain.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide specifies general requirements for a third party body operating quality system certification/registration to meet if it is to be recognized as a competent and reliable in the operation of quality system certification/registration.

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1.1 This guide specifies general requirements for a body to follow if it is to be recognized at a national or international level as competent and reliable in assessing and subsequently accrediting certification bodies or registration bodies. Conformity to the requirements of this guide will promote equivalence of national systems and facilitate agreements on mutual recognition of accreditations between such bodies. 1.2 The primary objective of this guide is to describe accreditation as providing, by means of assessment and subsequent surveillance, an assurance that the market can rely on certificates issued by the acredited bodies. However, organizations other than accreditation bodies, concerned with recognition of competence, also may use it by replacing accreditation by recognition 1.3 In some countries, bodies which verify conformity of products, processes, services, or systems to specified standards are called certification bodies, in other countries registration bodies, and in still others assessment bodies. For ease of understanding, this guide always refers to such bodies as bodies. This should not be understood to be limiting, as this guide also may be applicable to the assessment and acccreditation of conformity assessment bodies other than certification or registration bodies, such as inspection bodies. Note 1--It is recognized that agreements on mutual recognition of accreditations aiming at the removal of barriers to cross-border trade may have to cover other aspects not explicitly specified in these general requirements, such as the exhcange of staff or training programs. In particular, with a view to create confidence and harmonize the interpretation and implementation of standards, each accreditation body should encourage technical cooperation and exchange of experience among bodies accredited by it, and it should be prepared to exchange information or accreditation procedures and practices with other accreditation bodies. Certification and certification/registration body standards often cntain nonspecific requirements, such as "staff shall be competent". Mutual recognition of accreditation requires harmonization of interpretation of such clauses.

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