This specification covers requirements and test methods for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) large-diameter plastic gravity sewer pipe and fittings. Pipe requirements include workmanship, pipe dimensions, flattening resistance, impact resistance, pipe stiffness, gaskets requirements, joint tightness, extrusion quality, joining system, and markings. Test procedures shall include referee testing, quality control tests, test conditions, flattening tests, impact resistance, pipe stiffness, and acetone immersion test. Retest, rejection, inspection, certification, marking, delivery, and quality assurance shall conform to the requirements of this specification.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, flattening resistance, impact resistance, pipe stiffness, extrusion quality, joining system, and a form of marking for large diameters, 18 to 60 in. poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sewer pipe and fittings with integral bell elastomeric seal joints or solvent cemented sockets.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for nonpressure drainage of sewage and surface water. Pipe and fittings produced to this specification should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321.NOTE 1: Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the governing code authority since temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) and chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers may be encountered.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The microstructure and grain growth of cemented tungsten carbides affect the material's mechanical and physical properties. The grain size and distribution will affect the material's wear resistance and fracture toughness. Abnormally large grains as compared to the background may introduce an area of weakness in a sintered part.5.2 This test method may be used in acceptance testing of cemented tungsten carbide materials or the tungsten carbide powder used in their manufacture. The specified grain size used for the E-Rating is to be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring abnormally large grains and the frequency of those grains in cemented tungsten carbides (hardmetals).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This practice covers a series of methods offered to aid users in calibrating U-tube density meters to provide a measure of density and an associated expanded uncertainty. The reference density, as obtained from either an equation of state (EOS) or CRM has an uncertainty that arises from the uncertainty of the measurements of temperature, pressure, and also the chemical purity of the substance studied (origin) or for that matter of the certified reference material. This uncertainty results in an additional uncertainty for the density of these samples. Because the measurements made with U-tube density meters are not absolute, the uncertainty with which the instrument calibration is determined is directly related to the uncertainty of the density obtained.1.1 This practice outlines procedures for the calibration of U-tube density cells. It is applicable to instruments capable of determining fluid density at temperatures in the range –10 °C to 200 °C and pressures from just greater than the saturation pressure to 140 MPa. The practice refers to density cells as they are utilized to make measurements of fluids primarily in the compressed-liquid state. Examples of substances for which the density can be determined with a calibrated U-tube density meter include: crude oils, gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel and jet fuels, hydraulic fluids, and lubricating oils.1.2 This practice specifies a procedure for the determination of the expanded uncertainty of the density measurement.1.3 This practice pertains to fluids with viscosities < 1 Pa·s (1000 centipoise) at ambient conditions.1.4 4 The values listed in SI units are regarded as the standard, unless otherwise stated. The SI unit for mass density is kilograms per cubic metre (kg·m-3) and can be given as grams per cubic centimetre (g·cm-3).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 To overcome the inadequacies of conventional spectrophotometric measurement techniques when nonhomogeneous materials are measured, a large integrating sphere may be used.4,5 Since the beam employed in such spheres is large in comparison to the disparaties of the materials being tested, the nonisotropic nature of the specimen being measured is essentially averaged, or integrated out of the measurement, in a single experimental determination.5.2 Solar and photopic optical properties may be measured either with monofunctional spheres individually tailored for the measurement of either transmittance5 or reflectance, or may be measured with a single multifunctional sphere that is employed to measure both transmittance and reflectance.45.3 A multifunctional sphere is used for making total solar transmittance measurements in both a directional-hemispherical and a directional-directional mode. The solar absorptance can be evaluated in a single measurement as one minus the sum of the directional hemispherical reflectance and transmittance. When a sample at the center of the sphere is supported by its rim, the sum of the reflectance and transmittance can be measured as a function of the angle of incidence. The solar absorptance is then one minus the measured absorptance plus transmittance.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the absolute total solar or photopic reflectance, transmittance, or absorptance of materials and surfaces. Although there are several applicable test methods employed for determining the optical properties of materials, they are generally useful only for flat, homogeneous, isotropic specimens. Materials that are patterned, textured, corrugated, or are of unusual size cannot be measured accurately using conventional spectrophotometric techniques, or require numerous measurements to obtain a relevant optical value. The purpose of this test method is to provide a means for making accurate optical property measurements of spatially nonuniform materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to large specimens of materials having both specular and diffuse optical properties. It is particularly suited to the measurement of the reflectance of opaque materials and the reflectance and transmittance of semitransparent materials including corrugated fiber-reinforced plastic, composite transparent and translucent samples, heavily textured surfaces, and nonhomogeneous materials such as woven wood, window blinds, draperies, etc.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific safety hazards, see Note 1.)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 : 4.1.1 Limitations on formaldehyde concentrations in air have been established for some building products permanently installed in manufactured and conventional homes. This test method provides a standard means of testing typical product sizes, such as 1.2 m by 2.4 m (4 ft by 8 ft) sheets, at product loadings consistent with product end use.4.2 Summary of Test Method: 4.2.1 This test method incorporates a chamber of 22 m3 (800 ft3) minimum size to evaluate formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from building products over a specified duration of time. This test method employs a single set of environmental conditions but different product loading ratios to assess formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from certain wood products. Conditions controlled in the procedure are as follows:4.2.1.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,4.2.1.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,4.2.1.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,4.2.1.4 Number of air changes per hour, and4.2.1.5 Air circulation within the chamber.4.2.1.6 At the end of a 16 to 20-h period in the test chamber, the air is sampled and the concentration of formaldehyde in air and emission rate are determined.NOTE 3: Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from products under different conditions of air change rate or loading ratio, or both.AbstractThis test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing formaldehyde by the use of a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity, or conditions designed to simulate product use. This method employs a single set of environmental conditions but different product loading ratios to assess formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from certain wood products. The conditions controlled in the procedure are the conditioning of specimens prior to testing, exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber, test chamber temperature and relative humidity, number of air changes per hour, and air circulation within the chamber. At the end of a specified time period in the test chamber, the air is sampled, and the concentration of formaldehyde in the air and emission rate are determined.1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from wood products containing formaldehyde under conditions designed to simulate product use (see 11.5 and Note 9). The concentration in air and emission rate is determined in a large chamber under specific test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The general procedures are also intended for testing product combinations at product-loading ratios and at air-exchange rates typical of the indoor environment (1).2 The products tested, the loading ratios and the air exchange rates employed are described in the test report.1.2 This test method determines the average formaldehyde concentration in air and emission rate from a number of large size samples. The average concentration and emission rate reported, thus, will not provide information on higher or lower emitting panels in the test lot.1.3 This method is primarily used for testing newly manufactured panel products that are shipped for testing either seal-wrapped in polyethylene or with waster sheets, or with both. When this test method is used for evaluating other than newly manufactured panel products (after original application, installation or use), the method of packaging and shipping the product for testing shall be described in the test report.1.4 The quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample taken from the chamber is determined by an adaptation of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) chromotropic acid test procedure. If another analytical procedure is used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample, that procedure shall give results of equivalent or greater accuracy and precision than the adapted chromotropic acid procedure. Detailed procedures based on acetylacetone, pararosaniline (see Test Method D5221), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) (see Test Method D5197) and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline (MBTH) (see Test Method D5014) have been found to give results equivalent or greater in accuracy and precision than chromotropic acid. The test report shall note the analytical procedure employed.NOTE 1: 3 The chromotropic acid analytical procedure described in this test method is applicable for testing urea-formaldehyde bonded wood products. According to NIOSH (4th Edition, 8/15/94), the low end of the working range for the chromotropic acid analytical procedure is 0.02 ppm. A more sensitive analytical procedure is recommended for testing wood panel products where formaldehyde concentrations in air are anticipated to be at or below this level. DNPH is recognized as such a method.1.5 This test method is used to determine compliance with requirements such as those established for building materials by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Rules and Regulations, HUD 24 CFR 3280, for manufactured housing, by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495, Environmental Protection Agency Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770, and California Air Resources Board (CARB), California Code of Regulations sections 93120-93120.12, title 17, Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products. Measurement results are also used for comparing concentrations in air and emission rates from different wood products (2) and for determining compliance with product standards.1.6 This test method is not designed for determining general organic emissions from all indoor materials and products.NOTE 2: ASTM Committee D22 has developed Guide D5116 which describes small-scale environmental equipment and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions and emission rates from materials and products used indoors.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 All noise control features associated with the inlet or exhaust of large industrial fans and gas turbines are, or should be, based upon inlet or exhaust sound power levels in octave bands of frequency. Sound power levels are not directly measurable, however, so they must be calculated indirectly, using estimated or measured duct interior sound pressure levels.5.2 Estimated in-duct sound pressure level may be obtained by measuring exterior airborne sound pressure levels and applying a transfer function representing the transmission loss of the duct wall. Significant uncertainties are associated with such a procedure, suggesting the need for this guide.5.3 Estimated in-duct sound pressure level may be obtained by measuring exit plane sound pressure levels and applying a transfer function consisting of the insertion loss through the gas path, including the insertion loss of any silencers. Significant uncertainties are associated with such a procedure, suggesting the need for this guide.5.4 This guide purports to measure the in-duct sound pressure level directly using type 1 instrumentation per ANSI S1.4 or S1.43. It is limited, however, to the determination of the sound pressure level at the location of the port only and will include the effects of duct acoustical modes, as well as an unknown degree of turbulence and other flow related effects. Methodologies may be devised by the user to minimize such effects. As a rule, the larger the number of test ports used, the better will be the averaged data. Although not prescribed by this guide, cross-channel coherence analysis is also available to the analyst, using ports at different locations along the duct axis, which may yield improvements in data quality.5.5 This guide is intended for application to equipment in-situ, to be applied to large fans and gas turbines having inlet or exhaust ducts whose cross sectional areas are approximately four (4) square meters, or more, and are therefore not amenable to laboratory testing. All of the field experience on the part of task group members developing this guide has been on gas turbine ducts having cross sections in excess of ten (10) square meters.5.6 This guide has no known temperature limitations. All of the field experience on the part of task group members developing this guide has been on gas turbine ducts having temperatures between ambient and 700°C.1.1 This guide is intended to provide a simple and consistent procedure for the in-situ field measurement of in-duct sound pressure levels in large low pressure industrial air ducts, such as for gas turbines or fans, where considerations such as flow velocity, turbulence or temperature prevent the insertion of sound pressure sensors directly into the flow. This standard guide is intended for both ambient temperature intake air and hot exhaust gas flow in ducts having cross sections of four (4) square meters, or more.1.2 The described procedure is intended to provide a repeatable and reproducible measure of the in-duct dynamic pressure level at the inlet or exhaust of the gas turbine, or fan. The guide is not intended to quantify the “true” sound pressure level or sound power level. Silencers, as well as Waste Heat Boilers, must be designed using the in-duct sound power level as the basis. Developing the true sound power level based on in-duct measurements of true sound pressure within a complete operating system is complex and procedures are developmental and often proprietary.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Extreme caution is mandatory when working near hot exhaust gas systems and appropriate safety precautions such as the installation of quick acting isolation valves are recommended.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车