定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid bio fuels. It is not applicable to on or in-line applications.5.2 This test method offers advantage over traditional filtration methods in that it is a precise rapid test, and advantage over visual methods as it is not subjective.5.3 An increase in particle counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused by storage or transfer for example.5.4 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources.5.5 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (see A1.1.2). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands.5.6 Obtaining a representative sample and following the recommended sample and test specimen preparation procedures and timescales is particularly important with particle counting methods. (See Sections 8, 10, 14.1.4 and Note 8.)5.7 This test method can also be used to estimate the total particulate counts excluding free water droplets in aviation turbine fuels by a chemical pretreatment of the fuel. See Appendix X2.1.1 This test method uses a specific automatic particle counter2 (APC) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particles, in light and middle distillate fuel, and bio fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends, in the overall range from 4 µm(c) to 100 µm(c) and in the size bands ≥4 µm(c), ≥6 µm(c), and ≥14 µm(c).NOTE 1: ASTM and military specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975 grades 1D and 2D, D1655, D3699, D4814 (see 14.1.1.1), D6751, D7467, distillate grades of D396 and D2880, MIL-DTL-83133, and MIL-DTL-16884.NOTE 2: For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single larger particle. Dirt includes biological particles. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a sphere for the purposes of this test method.NOTE 3: The notation (c), used with particle sizes, is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. Strictly this only applies to particles up to 50 µm.NOTE 4: This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 100 µm(c), however the precision has only been determined for the size bands ≥4 µm(c), ≥6 µm(c), and ≥14 µm(c). All measurements are per millilitre.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is for measuring the apparent packing density of catalyst or catalyst carrier powders that are smaller than 0.8 mm in diameter.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent packing density of fine catalyst and catalyst carrier powders smaller than 0.8 mm in diameter.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 When significant quantities of inorganic or organic material are present in water samples (high suspended solids), microplastic particles/fibers can be masked and the ability to conduct reliable identification and quantification analyses of the plastic particles/fibers can be impeded.5.2 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in wastewater influent (high suspended solids), the sampling procedure must be able to reliably collect samples at a constant flow over the desired 24-hour interval to reflect changes in diurnal flow. For wastewater influent the capture flow rate should be no less than 1 GPM over the 24-hour interval (approximately 1440 gal or 5450 L total) to minimize the problem with heterogeneity of the suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).5.3 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in all other water samples with a lower content of inorganic or organic material present addressed by this practice (low to medium suspended solids), a minimum volume of 1500 L (approximately 400 gal) should be filtered through the appropriate filters or sieves to minimize potential issues with heterogeneity of suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).5.4 Microplastic particles/fibers retained on the sieves are suitable for characterization in terms of size, shape, quantity, and composition (polymer type), dependent upon the chosen analytical method.1.1 This practice provides for the collection of water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. This collection practice has been validated for the collection of samples from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters. This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.1.2 Water samples are passed through filters or sieves of adequate mesh size to enable capture of the smallest desired particle size. For waters with high or medium suspended solids content, a series of sieves with increasingly smaller mesh size should be used to prevent clogging and allow for the collection of desired particle size fractions.1.3 Subsequent sample preparation followed by analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), IR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy may be used to identify the quantity (mass or number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles/fibers. The spectroscopic methods can provide a count of the number of particles and fibers present in a sample, and Py-GC/MS can provide the mass present in a sample. When desired, microplastic particle/fiber size, shape and surface characteristics can be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM).1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where standard U.S. equipment is specified in imperial units, for example, inches and gallons. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is intended to inform those who have need for particle analysis data of their product or process, how imaging technology, in the form of a DIA, can be employed to provide the required information for a wide range of processes and material types. It expands on dynamic imaging information provided in Guide E2651 which is a broad view of particle analysis methods.4.2 This guide can be used to assess the suitability of the technology to particular applications as well as any limitations that may be encountered. It is also intended to help the user make an informed decision on how to best use the technology to make the measurement(s) most important in providing data that best describes the process or product.4.3 Determining particle shape of materials such as proppants, catalysts, additive manufacturing powders, and many more materials, is critical to their performance. Imaging technology can provide a consistent assessment of shape factors based on objective criteria and a statistically significant number of particles analyzed. Human visual methods generally compare a small number of particles to a standard leaving room for subjective interpretation.4.4 Determining particle count, size and shape are important in assessing contamination of fluids such as fuels, lubricating oils, water, injectables, and other liquids where particle contamination can affect their performance. Particle shape can point to the type and source of these particles which can help analysts improve process control.4.5 Shape information is also advantageous in categorizing particles detected so as to not skew particle analysis results. For instance, if a flowing mixture of solid particles in liquid also contains gas bubbles or water droplets, it is important to be able to identify the bubbles and droplets and not count them as solid particles.1.1 This guide provides information for determining particle size and shape using Dynamic Imaging Analyzers (DIA) in multiple application points including in-line, at-line and stand alone, lab based or portable, configurations. This guide focuses on concepts and strategies for applying imaging techniques to process applications in a way that improves the knowledge of the particles contained in dynamic flows, dry and wet, which can lead to more improved control of manufacturing processes.1.2 Analyzers may be configured for open, dry or wet analysis, or enclosed, dry or wet analysis, as appropriate for analysis of the process or test specimen. Particles in liquid borne flows can be analyzed at least up to 1000 µm and dry particle flows can be analyzed up to several cm if equipment is appropriate for the size. Limitations will be discussed in Section 6.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides for accurate and reproducible enumeration of particles and fibers released from a wiper immersed in a cleaning solution with moderate mechanical stress applied. When performed correctly, this counting test method is sensitive enough to quantify very low levels of total particle and fiber burden. The results are accurate and not influenced by artifact or particle size limitations. A further advantage to this technique is that it allows for morphological as well as X-ray analysis of individual particles.1.1 This test method covers testing all wipers used in cleanrooms and other controlled environments for characteristics related to particulate cleanliness.1.2 This test method includes the use of computer-based image analysis and counting hardware and software for the counting of densely particle-laden filters (see 7.7 – 7.9). While the use of this equipment is not absolutely necessary, it is strongly recommended to enhance the accuracy, speed, and consistency of counting.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.NOTE 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.NOTE 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.NOTE 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne carbon nanotubes in a wide range of ambient air situations and for evaluation of any atmosphere for carbon nanotube structures. Single carbon nanotube structures in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin single carbon nanotubes and is currently a reliable technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of nanotube structures. Carbon nanotubes are often found, not as single carbon nanotubes, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not be aggregated with other particles.5.2 This test method applies to the analysis of a single filter and describes the precision attributable to measurements for a single filter. Multiple air samples are usually necessary to characterize airborne nanotube structure concentrations across time and space. The number of samples necessary for this purpose is proportional to the variation in measurement across samples, which may be greater than the variation in measurement for a single sample.1.1 This test method is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-containing particles in ambient atmospheres.1.1.1 This test method is suitable for determination of carbon nanotubes in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.1.2 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary pore filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.1.3 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 25 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车