定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide data that can be used for comparison and evaluation of the accuracy of different CAS systems.5.2 The use of CAS systems and robotic tracking systems is becoming increasingly common and requires a degree of trust by the user that the data provided by the system meets necessary accuracy requirements. In order to evaluate the potential use of these systems, and to make informed decisions about suitability of a system for a given procedure, objective performance data of such systems are necessary. While the end user will ultimately want to know the accuracy parameters of a system under clinical application, the first step must be to characterize the digitization accuracy of the tracking subsystem in a controlled environment under controlled conditions.5.3 In order to make comparisons within and between systems, a standardized way of measuring and reporting point accuracy is needed. Parameters such as coordinate system, units of measure, terminology, and operational conditions must be standardized.1.1 This standard will measure the effects on the accuracy of computer assisted surgery (CAS) systems of the environmental influences caused by equipment utilized for bone preparation during the intended clinical application for the system. The environmental vibration effect covered in this standard will include mechanical vibration from: cutting saw (sagittal or reciprocating), burrs, drills, and impact loading. The change in accuracy from detaching and re-attaching or disturbing a restrained connection that does not by design require repeating the registration process of a reference base will also be measured.1.2 It should be noted that one system may need to undergo multiple iterations (one for each clinical application) of this standard to document its accuracy during different clinical applications since each procedure may have different exposure to outside forces given the surgical procedure variability from one procedure to the next.1.3 All units of measure will be reported as millimeters for this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The final appearance of an installed floor depends upon several factors. These include but are not limited to size and squareness in the case of tiles/planks, the quality of joint cut, the quality and preparation of the subfloor and the skill of the installer. Long term appearance of the installed floor is also dependent on but not limited to the ability of the tile/plank to resist shrinkage due to internal stress relief. This test method is used to measure the ability of the floor to retain its original dimensions following exposure to heat, simulating a long service life at reasonable and expected temperatures.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the change in linear dimensions of resilient floor tile/plank products after exposure to heat and reconditioning to ambient temperature.1.2 This test method allows one to also measure curling that can occur after a specimen has been exposed to heat and reconditioned back to ambient temperature.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method evaluates the edge binding assembly used to determine how well the two external elements along the mattress edge, essentially, the edge tape and FR sewing thread, behave after exposure to an open flame and a hot air oven. These data can be used to confirm that either the mattress or foundation, or both will pass when tested using 16 CFR1633. Evaluation of raw material components is a vital and ongoing part of any manufacturing operation, especially when each item can contribute to the technical performance of the final product.5.2 Inherently flame resistant (FR) sewing thread is used as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 to secure and encapsulate the following elements:FIG. 1 Mattress Edge Bound Sample – ProfileFIG. 2 Before Trimming – ProfileFIG. 3 After Trimming – Profile5.2.1 Test method measures the behavior of mattress edge binding tape that joins and closes the assembly of either the mattress or the box spring foundation, or both, and sewing thread during and after exposure to an open flame ignition source.5.2.2 Test method can be used to determine if the encapsulated multilayer assembly of mattress cover, fire barrier, and foam (when used) work together to prevent entry of open flame to mattress interior.5.3 Flame resistance of the components used to close the perimeter of a mattress is an important factor in limiting the potential of a bedding fire by preventing the chance for seam failure.5.4 Data which show a correlation of behavior for both the sewing thread and edge binding tape, when tested as a subassembly according to this test method, and also when tested using a full scale composite mattress burn test, such as 16 CFR 1633, can provide the manufacturer with important information. These data can be valuable when selecting components to be used in the manufacture of its products which are designed to use mattress edge binding and sewing thread.5.5 The level of performance required for these components is (1) that they do not support the afterflame, and (2) that these components demonstrate post flame exposure characteristics which contribute to retaining the structural integrity of the subassembly.5.6 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be sent to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration of known bias.1.1 This test method measures the flammability characteristics of mattress edge bindings and sewing threads during and after exposure to an open flame ignition source.1.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate these components either independently or in combination for use in mattresses designed with a fire barrier fabric.1.1.1.1 The test method is used to evaluate mattress edge binding and sewing thread when the design requires the use of these components.1.1.2 This test method can be used as a screening test method to determine how sewing thread and mattress edge binding component combinations will perform.1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the water retention of flat specimens of rigid thermal insulation as a result of immersion in water and exposure to drying conditions.1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (excluding surface water) by flat specimens of rigid thermal insulations after immersion and exposure to drying conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to partial immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.1.3 This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 It is possible that the user of FR protective clothing will experience repeated exposures to hot air as part of the work environment. While these individual exposures are not likely to pose a catastrophic threat, the cumulative effect of these exposures are likely to reduce the level of retained sewn seam strength performance to a value that is measurably lower than the sewn seam strength performance requirement established for a new item.4.2 The assembly of textile structures requires that the seam engineering used to manufacture the product anticipate how to retain the maximum sewn seam strength during the anticipated life cycle of the product.4.2.1 Initial sewn seam strength performance requirements of FR textile products measures sewn seam strength of a new (never exposed to heat environment) product.4.2.2 Retained sewn seam strength (RSS50) can be used to measure seam failure of FR protective clothing after repeated short duration exposures to high heat. RSS50 can also be used to measure seam failure of FR protective clothing when exposed to open flame after repeated short duration exposures to high heat.4.3 These data about retained sewn seam strength are useful to establish criteria to determine when to repair, retire, or replace FR protective clothing.1.1 This specification covers the retained sewn seam strength of flame resistant fabric subassemblies after repeated short duration exposures to hot air or repeated short-duration exposures to hot air and subsequent short-term exposures to open-flame impingement.1.1.1 This specification is used to determine minimum retained sewn seam strength after these exposures.1.2 This standard is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchasing specification, but can be referenced in purchase contracts to ensure that minimum performance requirements are met.1.3 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compliance with the performance requirements of this standard shall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for all situations to which wearers of FR protective clothing are potentially exposed.1.4 Mandatory requirements are indicated by use of shall; recommendations and advising information is indicated by should.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is a meaningful test for determining the indentation recovery properties of uninstalled resilient floor covering.33.2 This test method is intended solely for the purpose of determining compliance, where applicable, with static load requirements set forth in resilient flooring product specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings.3.3 As testing is conducted on uninstalled flooring, results are not an indicator of the floor covering's installed performance.31.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the recovery properties of uninstalled resilient floor covering after long-term indentation test, 24 h under the load specified in the detail specification. The reported value, residual indentation, is the depth of the depression remaining 24 h after removal of the specified load.1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate ex-factory floor covering and is not intended to evaluate the performance of installed floor coverings.1.3 This test method is not intended for use in evaluating the long-term indentation resistance or recovery properties, or both, of resilient floor coverings at loads above those listed in the Precision and Bias statement as described in Section 10.1.3.1 Testing at loads above 250 psi is outside the scope of this test method.1.4 Testing with any other indentor plate other than the exact plates listed in Section 4 is outside the scope of this test method.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Metal parts made by additive manufacturing differ from their traditional metal counterparts made by forging, casting, or welding. Additive manufacturing produces layers melted or sintered on top of each other. The part’s shape is controlled by a computer as well as by the layers. The computer directs energy from a laser or electron beam onto a powder bed or wire input material. These processing approaches have the potential of creating flaws that are undesirable in the as-built or finished part. In general, processing parameter anomalies and disruptions during a build may induce such “flaws.” Flaws can also be introduced because of contaminants present in the input material.4.2 Established NDT procedures such as those given in ASTM E07 standards are the basis for the NDT procedures discussed in this guide. These NDT procedures are used to inspect production parts before or after post-processing or finishing operations, or after receipt of finished parts by the end user prior to installation. The NDT procedures described in this guide are based on procedures developed for conventionally manufactured cast, wrought, or welded production parts.4.3 Application of the NDT procedures discussed in this guide is intended to reduce the likelihood of material or component failure, thus mitigating or eliminating the attendant risks associated with loss of function, and possibly, the loss of ground support personnel, crew, or mission.4.4 Input Materials—The input materials covered in this guide consist of, but are not limited to, ones made from aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and stainless steels. Input materials are either powders or wire.NOTE 3: When electron beams are used, the beam couples effectively with any electrically conductive material, including aluminum and copper-based alloys.4.4.1 Powders—High-quality powders required for AM process are produced by (1) plasma atomization, (2) inert gas atomization, or (3) centrifugal atomization using rotating electrodes (Fig. 1).(A) Abbreviations used: … = unknown or not applicable, CAD = computer aided design, CMM = coordinate measuring machine, CT = computed tomography, DED = directed energy deposition, EBM = electron beam melting, ET = eddy current testing, EMF = electromagnetic frequency, HIP = hot isostatic pressing, IRT = irfrared thermography, LOF = lack of fusion, MET = optical metrology, PA = plasma arc, PBF = powder bed fusion, PCRT = process compensated resonance testing, PT = penetrant testing, SLM = selective laser melting, and UT = ultrasonic testing.(B) Portions of table courtesy of AMAZE FP7 project.(C) Discontinuities or indications detected by NDT that are not necessarily rejectable.(D) Due to rapidly quenching, which may also lead to metastable or nonequilibrium morphologies.(E) Issue during long builds.(F) ISO TC 261 JG59 N 237 Guide.(G) If surface or near surface.NOTE 15: There are longstanding NDT standard flaw classes for welds and castings. In general, the defect classes for welded and cast parts differ from the flaw classes for AM parts.4.9 Process-Flaw Correlation—Given the range of materials and processes encountered in metal additive manufacturing, the process origins of flaws are still being characterized. However, examples exist. For example, when the energy input is insufficient, successive scan tracks do not properly fuse together and flaws appear along the scan line. In L-PBF parts, incomplete wetting and balling effects associated with insufficient energy input have been shown to lead to pores or voids. In addition, EB-PBF parts can show large voids or cavities extending across several layers when the process parameters are not carefully chosen. Smaller spherical pores can also develop in EBM parts due to entrapment of gases originally present gas-atomized metal powders.4.10 Flaw-Property Correlation—Parts with flaws, for example, porosity, LOF, skipped layers, stop/start flaws, inclusions, or excessive surface roughness, can exhibit degraded strength and fatigue properties compared with parts with fewer flaws. Furthermore, it is accepted practice to identify regions experiencing principle stresses before NDT is performed to assess the potential effect of any detected flaws in those regions. In addition to flaw type, size, and location, other flaw characteristics may be relevant, such as number, total volume, flaw/length (aspect ratio), orientation, and average nearest neighbor distance, and proximity to surfaces.(A) Abbreviations used: DED = Directed Energy Deposition, HAZ = Heat Affected Zone, HIP = Hot Isostatic Pressing(A) Abbreviations used: … = not applicable, AE = Acoustic Emission, CR = Computed Radiography, CT = Computed Tomography, DR = Digital Radiology, ET = Eddy Current Testing, IRT = Infrared Thermography, LT = Leak Testing , MET = Metrology, MT = Magnetic Particle Testing, NR = Neutron Radiography, PCRT = Process Compensated Resonance Testing, PT = Penetrant Testing, RT = Radiographic Testing, UT = Ultrasonic Testing, and VT = Visual Testing.(B) Includes Digital Imaging.(C) Especially helpful when characterizing internal passageways or cavities (complex geometry parts) for underfill and overfill, or other internal features not accessible to MET, PT, or VT (including borescopy).(D) Applicable if on surface.(E) Radiographic methods are not optimal for detecting tight laminar features like cracking and LOF, which typically do not exhibit enough density change.(F) If large enough to cause a leak or pressure drop across the part.(G) Macroscopic cracks only.(H) Conventional neutron radiography (NR) allows determination of internal and external dimensions.(I) Pycnometry (Archimedes principle).(J) Density variations will only show up in imaged regions having equivalent thickness.(K) If inclusions are large enough and sufficient scattering contrast exists.(L) Residual stress can be assessed if resulting from surface post-processing (for example, peening).1.1 This guide discusses the use of established and emerging nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures used to inspect metal parts made by additive manufacturing (AM).1.2 The NDT procedures covered produce data related to and affected by microstructure, part geometry, part complexity, surface finish, and the different AM processes used.1.3 The parts tested by the procedures covered in this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, the inspection requirements for discontinuities and inspection points in general are different and more stringent than for materials and components used in non-aerospace applications.1.4 The metal materials under consideration include, but are not limited to, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and stainless steels.1.5 The manufacturing processes considered use powder and wire feedstock, and laser or electron energy sources. Specific powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) processes are discussed.1.6 This guide discusses NDT of parts after they have been fabricated. Parts will exist in one of three possible states: (1) raw, as-built parts before post-processing (heat treating, hot isostatic pressing, machining, etc.), (2) intermediately machined parts, or (3) finished parts after all post-processing is completed.1.7 The NDT procedures discussed in this guide are used by cognizant engineering organizations to detect both surface and volumetric flaws in as-built (raw) and post-processed (finished) parts.1.8 The NDT procedures discussed in this guide are computed tomography (CT, Section 7, including microfocus CT), eddy current testing (ET, Section 8), optical metrology (MET, Section 9), penetrant testing (PT, Section 10), process compensated resonance testing (PCRT, Section 11), radiographic testing (RT, Section 12), infrared thermography (IRT, Section 13), and ultrasonic testing (UT, Section 14). Other NDT procedures such as leak testing (LT) and magnetic particle testing (MT), which have known utility for inspection of AM parts, are not covered in this guide.1.9 Practices and guidance for in-process monitoring during the build, including guidance on sensor selection and in-process quality assurance, are not covered in this guide.1.10 This guide is based largely on established procedures under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of the appropriate subcommittee therein.1.11 This guide does not recommend a specific course of action for application of NDT to AM parts. It is intended to increase the awareness of established NDT procedures from the NDT perspective.1.12 Recommendations about the control of input materials, process equipment calibration, manufacturing processes, and post-processing are beyond the scope of this guide and are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM F42 or equivalent are followed whenever possible to ensure reproducible parts suitable for NDT are made.1.13 Recommendations about the inspection requirements and management of fracture critical AM parts are beyond the scope of this guide. Recommendations on fatigue, fracture mechanics, and fracture control are found in appropriate end user requirements documents, and in standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture.NOTE 1: To determine the deformation and fatigue properties of metal parts made by additive manufacturing using destructive tests, consult Guide F3122.NOTE 2: To quantify the risks associated with fracture critical AM parts, it is incumbent upon the structural assessment community, such as ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture, to define critical initial flaw sizes (CIFS) for the part to define the objectives of the NDT.1.14 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria used in procurement or as a means for approval of AM parts for service. Any accept-reject criteria are given solely for purposes of illustration and comparison.1.15 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.16 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.17 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it.5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined. The four water treatment levels may be tested individually, all four simultaneously, or any combination of multiple water treatment levels.5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available.5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.NOTE 1: When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it.5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined.5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available.5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.NOTE 1: When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Aircraft turbine lubricants, upon standing at low temperatures for prolonged periods of time, may show an increase in kinematic viscosity. This increase may cause lubrication problems in aircraft engines. Thus, this test method is used to ensure that the kinematic viscosity does not exceed the maximum kinematic viscosity in certain specifications for aircraft turbine lubricants.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the kinematic viscosity of aircraft turbine lubricants at low temperature, and the percent change of viscosity after a 3 h and a 72 h standing period at low temperature.1.1.1 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 7700 mm2/s to 14 000 mm2/s at –40 °C and from 7000 mm2/s to 17 500 mm2/s at –51 °C. The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges, and temperatures as shown in the precision section. Kinematic viscosities and percent change of viscosity may be measured and reported at other temperatures and other thermal soak period intervals as agreed by the contracting parties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 The SI unit used in this test method for Kinematic Viscosity is mm2/s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s = 1 cSt.1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice summarizes a method that may be used to accelerate the oxidation of UHMWPE components using elevated temperature and elevated oxygen pressure. Under real-time conditions, such as shelf aging and implantation, oxidative changes to UHMWPE after sterilization using high-energy radiation may take months or years to produce changes that may result in deleterious mechanical performance. The method outlined in this practice permits the evaluation of oxidative stability in a relatively short period of time (for example, weeks).4.2 This practice may also be used to oxidize UHMWPE test specimens and joint replacement components prior to characterization of their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In particular, this practice may be used for accelerated aging of UHMWPE components prior to evaluation in a hip or knee joint wear simulator as outlined in Guide F1714 (hip wear), Guide F1715 (knee wear), ISO 14242 (hip wear), or ISO 14243 (knee wear), or combination thereof.1.1 It is the intent of this practice to permit an investigator to evaluate the oxidative stability of UHMWPE materials as a function of processing and sterilization method. This practice describes a laboratory procedure for accelerated aging of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) specimens and components for total joint prostheses. The UHMWPE is aged at elevated temperature and at elevated oxygen pressure, to accelerate oxidation of the material and thereby allow for the evaluation of its long-term chemical and mechanical stability.1.2 Although the accelerated aging method described by this practice will permit an investigator to compare the oxidative stability of different UHMWPE materials, it is recognized that this method may not precisely simulate the degradative mechanisms for an implant during real-time shelf aging and implantation.1.3 The accelerated aging method specified herein has been validated based on oxidation levels exhibited by certain shelf-aged UHMWPE components packaged in air and sterilized with gamma radiation. The method has not been shown to be representative of shelf aging when the UHMWPE is packaged in an environment other than air. For example, this practice has not been directly correlated with the shelf life of components that have been sealed in a low-oxygen package, such as nitrogen. This practice is not intended to simulate any change that may occur in UHMWPE following implantation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The test requirements specified herein have been established for use in evaluating the forced-entry resistance characteristics of assemblies to be used in commercial, residential, schools, government, and other institutional installations where the risk of a single person active shooter attack is present.5.2 The procedures of this test method are intended to evaluate the ability to create an opening of sufficient size to permit passage of a test shape through it.5.3 The procedure presented herein is based on post-event examination and are not intended to be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries.1.1 This test method sets forth the requirements and testing procedures to test forced-entry-resistant building components, construction components, and specialty security equipment. This test method is intended primarily for manufacturers to test and rate their windows, doors, modular panels, glazings, and similar products to ensure that all manufactured products meet the necessary requirements for forced-entry protection after sustaining an active shooter assault.1.2 This test method is currently designed to simulate an active shooter weakening the system with repetitive shots followed by mechanically driven impact to simulate forced entry.1.3 This test method is not to be used for ballistic resistant glazing rating. Test projectiles are permitted to perforate the entire specimen. The test projectile firings are intended to simulate actions taken by an assailant to aid in the ability to gain entry to a facility.1.4 This is a laboratory test to be performed on full systems and therefore not applicable for field testing.1.5 All tests are executed on the exterior surface of the fenestration.1.6 Systems are required to be tested as complete units in a test frame or fielded conditions. Mulled systems must be tested in the mulled condition. Test results only apply to the component or system as tested. Once a system is tested and deemed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, no design change can be made without a retest except those that qualify under Annex A1 Substitution Criteria.1.7 Components (such as glazing, door leaves, etc.) may be tested in accordance with Appendix X1, receiving a capability statement for the component, but not a system rating per this standard.1.8 Window and door systems shall be rated to at least a minimum level of Test Methods F476, F588, or F842, or combinations thereof, as appropriate prior to commencing this test evaluation. This test does not dual certify to the above mentioned standards.1.9 The values stated in this standard are SI units with the exception of the nominal descriptors for tools.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Even so-called high-purity water will contain contaminants. While not always present, these contaminants may contribute one or more of the following: dissolved active ionic substances such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, ammonium, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, chloride and fluoride ions, ferric and ferrous ions, and silicates; dissolved organic substances such as pesticides, herbicides, plasticizers, styrene monomers, deionization resin material; and colloidal suspensions such as silica. While this test method facilitates the monitoring of these contaminants in high-purity water, in real time, with one instrument, this test method is not capable of identifying the various sources of residue contamination or detecting dissolved gases or suspended particles.5.2 This test method is calibrated using weighed amounts of an artificial contaminant (potassium chloride). The density of potassium chloride is reasonably typical of contaminants found in high-purity water; however, the response of this test method is clearly based on a response to potassium chloride. The response to actual contaminants found in high-purity water may differ from the test method's calibration. This test method is not different from many other analytical test methods in this respect.5.3 Together with other monitoring methods, this test method is useful for diagnosing sources of RAE in ultra-pure water systems. In particular, this test method can be used to detect leakages such as colloidal silica breakthrough from the effluent of a primary anion or mixed-bed deionizer. In addition, this test method has been used to measure the rinse-up time for new liquid filters and has been adapted for batch-type sampling (this adaptation is not described in this test method).5.4 Obtaining an immediate indication of contamination in high-purity water has significance to those industries using high-purity water for manufacturing components; production can be halted immediately to correct a contamination problem. The emerging nano-particle technology industry will also benefit from this information.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved organic and inorganic matter and colloidal material found in high-purity water used in the semiconductor, and related industries. This material is referred to as residue after evaporation (RAE). The range of the test method is from 0.001 μg/L (ppb) to 60 μg/L (ppb).1.2 This test method uses a continuous, real time monitoring technique to measure the concentration of RAE. A pressurized sample of high-purity water is supplied to the test method's apparatus continuously through ultra-clean fittings and tubing. Contaminants from the atmosphere are therefore prevented from entering the sample. General information on the test method and a literature review on the continuous measurement of RAE has been published.21.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds under selected test conditions of strain and frequency which do not significantly affect the cured dynamic properties. In the same test, this test method also will measure the dynamic properties of the vulcanizate at temperatures significantly below the cure temperature. These lower temperature measurements are necessary in order to more effectively relate to rubber product service conditions.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes and for research and development testing of rubber compounds containing curatives. This test method also may be used for evaluating cure and dynamic property differences resulting from the use of different compounding ingredients.5.3 For additional information regarding the significance of dynamic testing of vulcanized rubber, the reader may wish to reference Guide D5992.1.1 This test method covers the use of a rotorless oscillating shear rheometer for measuring after cure dynamic properties at predetermined temperature(s) below the cure temperature.1.2 Specified cure conditions that approximate a “static cure” also are covered to minimize effects on cured rubber compound dynamic properties. This test method is not intended to replace Test Method D5289.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 Warning—Compounds based on silicone or fluoroelastomers may have high levels of thermal contraction or poor adhesion to the dies when cooled after the cure portion of this test method, causing slippage during strain sweeps. If this occurs, the results will not be reliable.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车