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定价: 156元 / 折扣价: 133 加购物车

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Low operating temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. Analysis to part-per-billion (ppb) concentration of individual cation contaminants such as potassium, sodium and ammonium in hydrogen and related fuel cell supply gases is necessary for assuring a feed gas of sufficient purity to satisfy fuel cell system needs. More specifically, cations such as ammonium causes irreversible performance degradation of proton exchange membranes used in low temperature fuel cells by reacting with protons in the membrane to form ammonium ions.Although not intended for application to gases other than hydrogen and related fuel cell supply gases, techniques within this test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring cation analysis.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of cations in hydrogen and other fuel cell feed gases. It has been successfully applied to other types of gaseous samples including air, engine exhaust, and landfill samples. An ion chromatograph/conductivity detector (IC/CD) system is used to determine cations. Sensitivity from low part per billion (ppb, μg/l, μg/kg) up to part per million (ppm, mg/l, mg/kg) concentration are achievable dependant on the amount of hydrogen or other fuel cell gas sampled. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring analysis of trace constituents provided an assessment of potential interferences has been accomplished.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Operators of power and other plants producing alkaline by-products and wastewater treatment plant operators needing to treat and manage wastewater solids will find this guide helpful in dealing with their materials.4.2 This guide provides the tests, procedures, and parameters that should be considered to significantly reduce pathogens in wastewater treatment plant solids by the addition of manufactured or by-product alkaline materials(1).41.1 This document provides guidance for use of reactive alkaline materials (quicklime, hydrated lime, high lime fly ash, or other byproducts) for treating wastewater solids (biosolids) to reduce pathogen levels and achieve compliance with regulatory requirements. Federal (40 CFR, Part 503) regulations for use or disposal of biosolids became effective on March 22, 1993; refer to USEPA regulations and guidance documents for information on other treatment processes or for specific requirements for use or disposal of biosolids.1.2 Additional requirements may be imposed by individual states, and these are available through state regulatory agencies that issue permits for treatment and use or disposal, or both, of biosolids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 590元 / 折扣价: 502 加购物车

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AbstractThese test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:  SectionsCaustic Soda:   Sampling 5 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 6 – 8 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  9 – 11 Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) 12 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by the Evolution Method 13 – 16Soda Ash:   Sampling 17 Matter Volatile at 150 °C to 155 °C 18 and 19 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 ) 20 – 22 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 23 – 25 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration 26 – 28 Matter Insoluble in Water 29 and 30 Apparent Density 31 and 32Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type):   Sampling 33 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 34 – 36 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) 37 – 39 Matter Insoluble in Water 40Sodium Bicarbonate:   Sampling 41 Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture 42 – 45 Matter Insoluble in Water 46Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil-   icate:   Sampling 47 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 48 – 50 Total Silica as SiO2 51 – 53 Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O) 54 Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2·11H2O) 55 Matter Insoluble in Water 56 and 57 Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2 ·11H2O) 58 and 59 Sodium Orthosilicate (Na4SiO4) 60Trisodium Phosphate:   Sampling 61 Trisodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) Content and Phosphorus   Pentoxide (P2O5)  62 – 64 Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na3PO4·12H2O, Na3PO4·   H2O, Na3PO4, and as P2O5  65 – 68 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 69 – 71 Matter Insoluble in Water 72 and 73Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate:   Sampling 74 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate  (Na4P2O7)  75 – 79 Matter Insoluble in Water 80 and 81 Loss on Ignition 82 and 83Borax:   Sampling 84 Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity 85 – 87 Matter Insoluble in Water 88 and 89Sodium Triphosphate:   Sampling 90 Tritratable Na2O 91 – 94 Total P2O5:    Preferred Method 95 – 97  Alternative Method  98 – 101  pH Titration 102 – 107 Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates:    Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred    Method)  108 – 119  Paper Chromatographic Method 120 – 127 pH of 1 percent Solution 128 Turbidity 129 Temperature Rise 130 – 134 Sulfate 135 – 137 Ignition Loss 140 and 141 Matter Insoluble in Water 142 – 144 Particle Size 145 Orthophosphate 146 – 1511.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The ER of a battery separator is a standard measurement used by separator and battery manufacturers for quality control purposes and separator selection.5.2 Separator ER and the separator's interaction with the electrolyte, that is resistance to wetting or flow, will contribute to the internal resistance of the battery and this has the potential to limit the electrical output of a battery. The ER determination is a tool for battery manufacturers to use in design, material selection, and performance specifications.5.3 The change in the bath electrical resistance imparted by a separator is affected by the porosity, thickness, and tortuousity of the pore structure of the separator, the wettability of the separator to the electrolyte, and the temperature and concentration of the electrolyte.5.4 Incomplete wetting or saturation of the pore structure limits the lowest ER value obtainable from a separator structure. Separators are pretreated to assure that the specimen being tested has been adequately wetted out. A separator that is not fully wetted out (saturated) will give a higher ER.5.5 This test method is intended to give a rapid and repeatable measurement that approximates the change in ER that could happen when the separator is used in a battery.1.1 This test method covers the pretreatment, test conditions, apparatus, and procedure to determine the ionic resistivity, commonly referred to in the battery industry as electrical resistance (ER) of an alkaline battery separator immersed in an electrolyte of 40 % potassium hydroxide (KOH).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established requiring the measurement of cyanide in soil and solid waste samples. This practice is also useful for performing material balances to account for the distribution of cyanides in cyanidation products from metallurgical processes.5.2 This practice is applicable to the determination of available or total water soluble, or both, and water insoluble cyanides in soil and solid waste.5.3 Water insoluble cyanide complexes, such as Prussian blue, are not completely recovered by distillation methods. This practice extracts all cyanides, including the water insoluble cyanides such as Prussian blue, and then the extract solution can be analyzed for cyanide with Test Methods D6888, D7284, or D7511.1.1 This practice is used for the determination of total or available cyanide in solid waste, sediment and soil samples after alkaline extraction. Simple cyanide (CN-) salts of group 1 and group 2 (alkali and alkaline earth) metals; soluble alkali and alkaline earth salts of zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury, nickel, silver, and iron cyanide complexes; and insoluble metal-metal cyanide complexes, such as Prussian blue, are quantitatively recovered. Gold, platinum group metals and cobalt cyanide complexes are not recovered during analysis.1.2 Free cyanide cannot be determined due to the change of equilibrium conditions during the extraction process.1.3 Cyanide complexes are extracted into an alkaline solution as described in this practice. Measure the total cyanide using Test Methods D7511 or D7284. Measure the available cyanide using Test Method D6888. Calculate cyanide content in the soil or waste.1.4 The method detection limit (MDL) is dependent on the test method used to measure the cyanide content. Based on the methods cited, it is approximately 1 mg/kg and the minimum level (ML) is 5 mg/kg. The applicable range is also dependent on the test method used to measure cyanide. Based on the methods cited, it is 5 to 100 mg/kg.1.5 This practice should be used by analysts experienced with extractions and flow injection analysis (FIA), or working under the close supervision of such qualified persons.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3048-89(2016) Standard Test Method of Assay for Alkaline Protease Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This test method covers the assay of alkaline protease enzymes. This procedure is applicable to enzyme preparations with high activity but is inapplicable to formulated detergent products or air samples. The apparatus and reagents used in testing the assay for alkaline protease enzymes are presented.1.1 This test method covers the assay of alkaline protease enzymes. This procedure is applicable to enzyme preparations with high activity but is inapplicable to formulated detergent products or air samples.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

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5.1 This test method is applicable to the simultaneous determination of dissolved alkali and alkaline earth cations and ammonium in water and wastewaters. Alkali and alkaline earth cations are traditionally determined by using spectroscopic techniques, such as AAS or ICP; whereas ammonium can be measured by using a variety of wet chemical methods, including colorimetry, ammonia-selective electrode, and titrimetry. However, ion chromatography provides a relatively straightforward method for the simultaneous determination of cations, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ammonium, in fewer than 20–30 min.1.1 This test method is valid for the simultaneous determination of the inorganic alkali and alkaline earth cations, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as well as the ammonium cation in reagent water, drinking water, and wastewaters by suppressed and nonsuppressed ion chromatography.1.2 The anticipated range of the test method is 0.05–200 mg/L. The specific concentration ranges tested for this test method for each cation were as follows (measured in mg/L):Lithium 0.4–10.0Sodium 4.0–40.0Ammonium 0.4–10.0Potassium 1.2–20.0Magnesium 2.4–20.0Calcium 4.0–40.01.2.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. In some cases, using a larger injection loop may extend the lower limits. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for concentrations if the range is extended.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazards statements specific to this test method, see 8.3.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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