5.1 This standard is intended for use by researchers and designers to assess the stability of articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems in order to achieve stable hydraulic performance under the erosive force of flowing water.5.2 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of a matrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form an erosion-resistant revetment with specific hydraulic performance characteristics. The system includes a filter layer compatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration and exfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. The filter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, properly graded granular media, or both. The blocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable, and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.5.3 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provide erosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forces of flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this standard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the system to conform to changes in the subgrade while remaining interconnected by virtue of block interlock or additional system components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, geogrids, or other connecting devices, or combinations thereof.5.4 The definition of articulating concrete block systems does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlocking block geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tied systems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or between methods of manufacturing or placement. This standard does not specify size restrictions for individual block units. Block systems are available in either open-cell or closed-cell varieties.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide recommended guidelines for the analysis and interpretation of hydraulic test data for articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems under steep slope, high velocity flow conditions in a rectangular open channel. Data from tests performed under controlled laboratory conditions are used to quantify stability performance of ACB systems under hydraulic loading. This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with Test Method D7277.1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor can this document be applied without considerations of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The user of the standard is responsible for any and all conversions to other systems of units. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 An articulating concrete block revetment system is comprised of a matrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form an erosion-resistant revetment with specific hydraulic performance characteristics. The system includes a filter layer compatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration and exfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. The filter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, properly graded granular media, or both. The concrete blocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable, and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.5.2 ACB revetment system are used to provide erosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forces of flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this standard, implies the ability of individual concrete blocks of the system to conform to changes in subgrade while remaining interconnected by virtue of geometric interlock, cables, ropes, geotextiles, geogrids, or combination thereof.5.3 The definition of ACB revetment system does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlocking block geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tied systems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or between methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore, the definition does not restrict or limit the block size, shape, strength, or longevity; however, guidelines and recommendations regarding these factors are incorporated into this standard. Blocks are available in either open-cell or closed-cell configurations.1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide specifications for the hydraulic testing of full-scale articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems under controlled laboratory conditions for purposes of identifying stability performance in steep slope, high-velocity flows. The testing protocols, including system installation, test procedures, measurement techniques, analysis techniques, and reporting requirements are described in this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting or use of units other than inch-pound shall not be considered non-conformance as long as the selected parameters described regarding flume construction by the inch-pound system used in this method are met as a minimum.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded and calculated in this Guide are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose of obtaining the data, special purpose studies or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors and Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers total wrist implants that provide articulation function through radial carpal components. However, this specification does not include implants with ceramic coated or porous coated surfaces, one-piece elastomeric implants, and those used for custom applications. Implants covered by this specification are of the constrained, partially constrained, or unconstrained joint prosthesis type. The implants shall be manufactured from biocompatible materials made of unalloyed titanium, cobalt-28chromium-6molybdenum alloy, wrought cobalt-20chromium-15tungsten-10nickel alloy, wrought titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium extra low interstitial alloy, wrought 35cobalt-35nickel-20chromium-10molybdenum alloy, wrought cobalt-20nickel-20chromium-3.5molybdenum-3.5tungsten-5iron alloy, cobalt-28chromium-6molybdenum alloy, titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium alloy, or wrought cobalt-28chromium-6molybdenum alloy with dimensions in conformity to the requirements specified. Tests for polymeric creep (cold flow), wear, and range of motion of the device as well as in vitro laboratory testing shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified. Per service requirement, metallic implants shall undergo fluorescent penetrant inspection, while cast metallic implants shall undergo radiography.1.1 This specification describes total wrist implants used to provide functioning articulation by employing radial and carpal components.1.2 This specification excludes those implants with ceramic-coated or porous-coated surfaces, one-piece elastomeric implants (with or without grommets), and those devices used for custom applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This standard is intended for use by designers and contractors to assist in understanding the importance of proper installation of articulating concrete block revetment systems in order to achieve suitable hydraulic performance and maintain stability against the erosive force of flowing water.5.2 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of a matrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form an erosion-resistant overlay with specific hydraulic performance characteristics. The system includes a geotextile underlay compatible with the subsoil that allows hydraulic infiltration and exfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. The blocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.5.3 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provide erosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forces of flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this standard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the system to conform to changes in the subgrade while remaining interconnected by virtue of block interlock and/or additional system components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, or geogrids.5.4 The definition of articulating concrete block systems does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlocking block geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tied systems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or between methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore, the definition does not restrict or limit the block size, shape, strength, or longevity; however, guidelines and recommendations regarding these factors are incorporated into this standard. This standard does not specify size restrictions for individual block units. Block systems are available in either open-cell or closed-cell varieties.5.5 The installation of articulated concrete block systems shall be performed so as to maintain intimate contact between the blocks, the geotextile filter and the subgrade that the system is intended to protect.1.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide recommended guidelines for the proper installation of articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems.1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace standard of care by which adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without considerations of a project's many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Use of units other than inch-pound shall not be considered non-conformance with this practice as long as the selected parameters are met as a minimum.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This standard guide provides options and a compendium of information for measuring the bearing surface and estimating the in-vivo wear of explanted Metal-on-Metal (MoM) and other “hard” (for example, ceramic) hip components. The guide covers the measurement of acetabular cups and femoral heads using a dimensional change method and is applicable to all prosthetic hip types, including stemmed (modular) and resurfacing hip systems.1.2 The methods specified in this guide are not applicable for measuring the in-vivo wear from non-articulating surfaces, for example modular connections (at the stem/neck, neck/head, or cup liner/shell interface) or at the acetabular cup rim.1.3 The parameters (wear depth and volumetric wear) evaluated and reported in this guide are estimated from the assumed as-manufactured shape of the components. The wear volume is calculated using a numerical integration method and the wear depth is the difference between the assumed as-manufactured shape and the measured surface.1.4 This guide covers the measurement of the depth of wear and the volumetric wear using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and the depth of wear using an Roundness Machine. Other metrology measurement equipment may be used to measure the wear depth or volume if the resolution and accuracy of the measurements are comparable with the instruments detailed in this standard. The measurement and analysis protocols should be based on those described in this standard.1.5 This guide is applicable to hip joints which are nominally spherical at the time of manufacture. Form deviations resulting from manufacturing or deformation may occur and may necessitate the use of a non-spherical surface to represent the unworn surface of the component. Hip joints designed with asymmetry are considered beyond the scope of this guide, although the principles and techniques may be applicable to the characterization of wear from the articulating surfaces.1.6 This guide is intended as an extension to Practice F561 as a Stage II nondestructive test.1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. As a precautionary measure, explanted devices should be sterilized or disinfected by an appropriate means that does not adversely affect the implant or the associated tissue that may be the subject of subsequent analysis. A detailed discussion of precautions to be used in handling human tissues can be found in ISO 12891-1. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard materials composition, physical properties, structural components, manufacturing methods, and testing requirements for articulating concrete block reventment systems for use in erosion protection to underlying soil materials from flowing water forces. Articulating concrete blocks may be produced at a block plant or onsite using either wet-cast or dry-cast production techniques. Reventment cable and fittings shall be designed in such a manner as to provide adequate strength and durability characteristics to facilitate safe lifting and placing of large mattresses. The materials shall consist of aggregates and cementitious materials which shall be Portland, blended, hydrated lime, or pozzolan cements and shall conform to the physical requirements such as compressive strength, water absorption, density or unit weight, and freeze-thaw durability. The system includes a geotextile filter which shall comply to grab strength, sewn seam strength, tear strength, puncture strength, and elongation requirements. Geotextile-subsoil compatibility assessment shall include functional requirements for permeability, particle retention, and resistance to clogging. Physical property requirements for permittivity, aperture size, percent open area, and UV stability shall be based on site-specific soil characteristics, site conditions, and construction techniques.1.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide specifications for articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system structural components, material composition and physical properties, manufacturing methods and testing requirements.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting or use of units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this standard.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.2.2 The SI units presented for apparatus are substitutions of the inch-pound units, other similar SI units should be acceptable providing they meet the technical requirements established by the inch-pound apparatus.1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.2.4 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.1.2.5 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either SI or gravitational inch-pound. Other units are permissible provided appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similar significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车