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ASTM D8419-21 Standard Specification for Anesthesia Reservoir Bags Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

1.1 This specification covers anesthesia reservoir bags for use with anesthesia breathing systems. For purposes of this specification, the reservoir bag includes the neck, body, and neck bushing, if provided. Special-purpose bags, for example, bellows, evacuation, and self-expanding bags are excluded from the scope of this specification.1.2 The following subjects are covered: material, construction, neck, size, compliance (pressure-volume relationship), electrical conductivity, marking and labeling, and test methods to substantiate compliance with the requirements. Alternative test methods may be employed provided they can be shown to be equivalent or better. (A rationale is given in Appendix X1.)1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1955-22 Standard Test Method for Flammability of Sleeping Bags Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

5.1 This test method is suitable to assess the fabric burn rate of sleeping bag fabrics.5.2 This test method is applicable to all sleeping bags.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to CPAI-75, which is used for the acceptance of commercial shipments of sleeping bags.5.4 Most materials used to make sleeping bags are organic materials and are combustible (see 3.2.2). Sleeping bag materials can be combustible due to the inherent chemical composition of the material or due to the finishing processes used, or both.5.5 When exposed to fire, combustible sleeping bag materials are potentially dangerous to the user because of their ease of ignition and because it is possible that they will exhibit a high burning rate.5.5.1 If the sleeping bag material is noncombustible, it shall be deemed to meet the performance requirements of this test method. One way of demonstrating noncombustibility is by meeting the requirements of Test Method E136.5.6 Changes in finishes or in fabric surface treatments can exert a large effect on the fabric flammability. Therefore, sleeping bags shall be tested both before and after cleaning or aging in accordance with one of the procedures in 7.3, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.5.7 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.8 It must be understood, moreover, that no guarantee can be given and none is implied that sleeping bags complying with the performance requirements of this test method will not be hazardous under certain conditions.5.9 It is feasible that the fabric will pass the test requirements as received but fail the requirements after cleaning. In that case, the report shall indicate that the fabric is not suitable for cleaning or aging (as appropriate).1.1 This fire-test response test method contains a method to assess the flammability, expressed as a burn rate, of sleeping bags which use various materials and constructions in their manufacture.1.2 Sleeping bags that comply with the requirements in this test method shall be permitted to be labeled as complying with the appropriate requirements, to facilitate the identification of products conforming to this test method.1.3 This test method is technically equivalent to the flammability standard CPAI-75, issued by the Industrial Fabrics Association International (see 2.2), and which has been in use as a flammability requirement for the sleeping bag industry in the U.S.NOTE 1: CPAI-75 expresses burn rate in units of inches/minute while this test method expresses burn rate in units of centimetres/minute.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2568-06(2018) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sleeping Bags Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

3.1 In this context, this test can be used for specifications, design, and quality control. Girth in and of itself is not to be used to predict the thermal properties of a sleeping bag.1.1 This test method determines the internal girth, the internal length and width, and the external length and width of a sleeping bag under a standardized measurement method.1.2 The measurement uses a physical measurement method applicable to any location where a flat level surface is provided.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the insulation provided by sleeping bags or sleeping bag systems. It can be used for material and design evaluations.5.2 The measurement of the insulation provided by clothing (see Test Method F1291, ISO 15831) and sleeping bags (ISO 23537) is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. It is feasible that departures from the instructions in this test method will lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Any departures need to be reported with the results.1.1 This test method covers determination of the insulation value of a sleeping bag or sleeping bag system. It measures the resistance to dry heat transfer from a constant skin temperature manikin to a relatively cold environment. This is a static test that generates reproducible results, but the manikin cannot simulate real life sleeping conditions relating to some human and environmental factors, examples of which are listed in the introduction.1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the sleeping bag or sleeping bag system, as tested, and for the specified thermal and environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement past the manikin.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of vacuum cleaner bag filter media, because it is a direct indicator of the resistance to air flow. It may also indicate the size of vacuum cleaner bag needed to achieve the desired air flow volume.4.2 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been set up on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of materials where permeability is of interest.4.3 Since air permeability is not a linear function of pressure differential between paper surfaces, all tests should be made at a prescribed pressure differential, 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of water.1.1 This specification covers procedures to be followed for qualifying papers to be used in the manufacture of vacuum cleaner bags and filters. The filtration efficiency of the paper is not evaluated with the use of these test methods.1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsAir Permeability (Test Method D737) 3 – 5Basis Weight (TAPPI Test Method T 410) 6 – 8Bursting Strength (Mullen Test) (TAPPI Test Method T 403) 9 – 11Internal Tearing Resistance (TAPPI Test Method T 414) 12 – 14Tensile Breaking Strength (TAPPI Test Method T 494) 15 – 171.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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