3.1 The contributions of an effective vessel-mounted camera system:3.1.1 Provide a tactical image of the portion of spill in the vicinity of the vessel upon which the system is mounted,3.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not observable by persons operating at, or near, the water’s surface or at night,3.1.3 Provide assistance identifying the area of heaviest oil concentration,3.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment of equipment,3.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include darkness and poor visibility,3.1.6 Locate reported oil-on-water, and3.1.7 Guidance for operational crews to the slick(s).1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for the selection of camera remote sensing systems that are vessel-mounted for the detection of oil on water.1.2 This guide applies to the detection of oil-on-water involving cameras of IR, visible, ultra-violet, or night vision types.1.3 The context of camera use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or objectives.1.4 This guide is generally applicable to all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water situations.1.5 Many camera technologies exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating between the target substances under certain states of weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or various camera settings.1.6 In general remote sensing systems are used to detect and delineate the overall slick. Vessel-mounted systems are used only to provide a tactical image in the vicinity of the recovery vessel.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The light reflected from the facial anterior teeth can be used to calculate color coordinates. Monitored over time, changes in color can be observed. These data reveal information about the efficacy of a product, treatment study, or epidemiology of tooth color. For example, clinical studies of consumer tooth whitening systems evaluate the efficacy of manufacturers’ products.5.2 The change in color of the facial surfaces of anterior teeth can be used to optimize the efficacy of tooth whitening systems. For example, the data can provide the answer the question: “What is the optimum percentage of whitening agent in a consumer tooth whitening system?”5.3 This procedure is suitable for use in research and development, marketing studies, comparative product analyses, and clinical trials.5.4 Prior research shows that a popular visual assessment method of determining tooth color, changes in tooth color, and whiteness among clinicians yields less than desirable results (1-4). These assessment tools are designated “shade guides.” They consist of tooth-shaped, synthetic objects in the form of teeth all of slightly different colors or different shades from one another. A “shade” is generally regarded as a color slightly different from a reference color (on a comparative basis). The colors of the synthetic teeth in these “shade guides” do not progress linearly as observed visually or logically in a CIE colorimetric coordinate system,5 and they are metameric to real teeth.5.5 Translucency—Human teeth are translucent and the degree of translucency varies widely between subjects. However, translucency does not vary over the short term and is not therefore a consideration in this test method.1.1 This test method covers the procedure, instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, measurement procedures, and parameters necessary to make precise measurements of in-vivo tooth color and tooth whiteness. In particular it is meant to measure the color of teeth in selected human subjects.1.2 Digital images are used to evaluate tooth color of both posterior and anterior dentition (teeth). All other non-relevant parts, such as gums, spaces, etc., must be separated from the measurement and the analysis. All localized discoloration; such as stains, inclusions, etc., may be separated from the measurement and the analysis.1.3 The broadband reflectance factors of teeth are measured. The colorimetric measurement is performed with a digital still camera while using an illuminator(s) that provides controlled illumination on the teeth. The measured data from a digital image are captured using a DSC. This test method is particularly useful for the gamut of tooth color which is:1.3.1 CIE L* from 55 to 95,1.3.2 CIE a* from 3 to 12,1.3.3 CIE b* from 8 to 25 units.1.4 The wavelengths for this test method include that portion of the visible spectrum from 400 to 700 nm.1.5 Data acquired using this test method is for comparative purposes used during clinical trials or other types of research.1.6 This test method is designed to encompass natural teeth, artificial teeth, restorations, and shade guides.Note 1—This procedure may not be applicable for all types of dental work.1.7 The apparatus, measurement procedure, data analysis technique are generic, so that a specific apparatus, measurement procedure, or data analysis technique may not be excluded.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Laser profiling assessment is a quality control tool for identifying and quantifying deformation, physical damage, and other pipe anomalies after installation, providing means and methods for determining the quality of workmanship and compliance with project specifications. Laser profiling can be used for:4.1.1 Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectional area and defects;4.1.2 Collection of data needed for pipe rehabilitation or replacement design; and4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new construction workmanship verification.4.2 A laser profile pre-acceptance and condition assessment survey provides significant information in a clear and concise manner, including but not limited to graphs and still frame digital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance, thereby providing objective data on the installed quality and percentage ovality, deformation, deflection or deviation, that is often not possible from an inspection by either a mandrel or CCTV only survey.1.1 Laser profiling is a non-contact inspection method used to create a pipe wall profile and internal measurement using a standard CCTV pipe inspection system, 360 degree laser light projector, a measurement by means of infrared sensors and geometrical profiling software. This practice covers the procedure for the measurement to determine any deviation of the internal surface of installed pipe compared to the design. The measurements may be used to verify that the installation has met design requirements for acceptance or to collect data that will facilitate an assessment of the condition of pipe or conduit due to structural deviations or deterioration. This standard practice provides minimum requirements on means and methods for laser profiling to meet the needs of engineers, contractors, owners, regulatory agencies, and financing institutions.1.2 This practice applies to all types of pipe material, all types of construction, and pipe shapes.1.3 This practice applies to depressurized and gravity flow storm sewers, drains, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters from 6 in. to 72 in. (150 mm and 1800 mm).1.4 This standard does not include all aspects of pipe inspection, such as joint gaps, soil/water infiltration in joints, cracks, holes, surface damage, repairs, corrosion, and structural problems associated with these conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The profiling process may require physical access to lines, entry manholes, and operations along roadways that may include safety hazards.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. There are no safety hazards specifically, however, associated with the use of the laser ring profiler specified (listed and labeled as specified in 1.3).1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Laser profiling assessment is a quality control tool for identifying and quantifying deformation, physical damage, and other pipe anomalies after installation, providing means and methods for determining the quality of workmanship and compliance with project specifications. Laser profiling capabilities include:4.1.1 Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectional area and defects;4.1.2 Collection of data needed for pipe rehabilitation or replacement design; and4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new construction workmanship verification.4.2 A laser profile pre-acceptance and condition assessment survey provides significant information in a clear and concise manner, including but not limited to graphs and still frame digital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance, thereby providing objective data on the installed quality and percentage ovality, or degree of deformation, deflection or deviation, that is often not possible from an inspection by either a mandrel or only CCTV.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the post installation verification and acceptance of buried pipe deformation using a visible rotating laser light diode(s), a pipeline and conduit inspection analog or digital CCTV camera system and image processing software. The combination CCTV pipe inspection system, with cable distance counter or onboard distance encoder, rotating laser light diode(s) and ovality measurement software shall be used to perform a pipe measurement and ovality confirmation survey, of new or existing pipelines and conduits as directed by the responsible contracting authority. This standard practice provides minimum requirements on means and methods for laser profiling to meet the needs of engineers, contractors, owners, regulatory agencies, and financing institutions.1.2 This practice applies to all types of material, all types of construction, or shape.1.3 This practice applies to gravity flow storm sewers, drains, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters from 6 in. to 72 in. (150 mm to 1800 mm).1.4 The Laser Light Diode(s) shall be tested, labeled and certified to conform to US requirements for CDRH Class 2 or below (not considered to be hazardous) laser products or certified to conform to EU requirements for Class 2M or below laser products as per IEC 60825-1, or both.1.5 The profiling process may require physical access to lines, entry manholes and operations along roadways that may include safety hazards.1.6 This practice includes inspection requirements for determining pipeline and conduit ovality only and does not include all the required components of a complete inspection. The user of this practice should consider additional items outside this practice for inspection such as joint gap measurement, soil/water infiltration, crack and hole measurement, surface damage evaluation, evaluation of any pipeline repairs, and corrosion evaluation.1.7 This standard practice does not address limitations in accuracy due to improper lighting, dust, humidity, fog, moisture on pipe walls or horizontal/vertical offsets. Care should be taken to limit environmental factors in the pipeline that affect accuracy of the inspection.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. There are no safety hazards specifically, however, associated with the use of the laser profiler specified (listed and labeled as specified in 1.3).1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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