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定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元

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5.1 This standard test method is intended as an index test to determine the relative oil sorption capacity of an organophilic clay. Organophilic clay is used for remediation of contaminated sediment, soil, and groundwater. Results of this standard test method can be used for a) evaluating whether product meets a manufacturing quality control specification, and b) evaluating acceptance of a product per a construction quality assurance material specification. The organophilic clay specified may be either granular or powder. There are two test methods; a gravity test method for granular specimens and a centrifuge test method for powdered specimens.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This standard covers two test methods (Method A for granular material, Method B for powdered material) that can be used as an index test for the evaluation of the oil sorption capacity of a representative sample of organophilic clay. The test method is not intended to be a performance test and the oil specified in the test methods may yield different results than other non-aqueous phase liquids (for example, coal tar, creosote, crude oil) encountered in the field. Method A should only be used on granular organophilic clay; otherwise finer particles may pass through the test sieve.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of the reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the primary units for the standard. For information only, non-SI units of measurement are also included in this standard to describe some equipment (bucket, sieve).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used to determine the wet covering and volume change upon drying of thermal insulating cement.1.1 Wet covering capacity and volume change upon drying are often of major importance in the application of thermal insulating cement. These properties can be easily determined at the same time that the determinations of dry covering capacity are made. Therefore, the procedures for determining these three properties are covered together in this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Assumptions of the Theis (1) equation affect specific capacity and transmissivity estimated from specific capacity. These assumptions are given below:5.1.1 Aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic.5.1.2 Aquifer is horizontal, of uniform thickness, and infinite in areal extent.5.1.3 Aquifer is confined by impermeable strata on its upper and lower boundaries.5.1.4 Density gradient in the flowing fluid must be negligible and the viscous resistance to flow must obey Darcy's Law.5.1.5 Control well penetrates and receives water equally from the entire thickness of the aquifer.5.1.6 Control well has an infinitesimal diameter.5.1.7 Control well discharges at a constant rate.5.1.8 Control well operates at 100 percent efficiency.5.1.9 Aquifer remains saturated throughout the duration of pumping.5.2 Implications of Assumptions and Limitations of Method.5.2.1 The simplifying assumptions necessary for solution of the Theis equation and application of the method are never fully met in a field situation. The satisfactory use of the method may depend upon the application of one or more empirical correction factors being applied to the field data.5.2.2 Generally the values of transmissivity derived from specific capacity vary from those values determined from aquifer tests utilizing observation wells. These differences may reflect 1) that specific-capacity represents the response of a small part of the aquifer near the well and may be greatly influenced by conditions near the well such as a gravel pack or graded material resulting from well development, and 2) effects of well efficiency and partial penetration.5.2.3 The values of transmissivity estimated from specific capacity data are considered less accurate than values obtained from analysis of drawdowns that are observed some distance from the pumped well.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this practice is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.3 Withdrawal well test field procedures are used with appropriate analytical procedures in appropriate hydrogeological sites to determine transmissivity and storage coefficient of aquifers and hydraulic conductivity of confining beds.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for conducting a specific capacity test, computing the specific capacity of a control well, and estimating the transmissivity in the vicinity of the control well. Specific capacity is the well yield per unit drawdown at an identified time after pumping started.1.2 This practice is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050 for conducting withdrawal and injection well tests.1.3 The method of determining transmissivity from specific capacity is a variation of the nonequilibrium method of Theis (1)2 for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of an aquifer. The Theis nonequilibrium method is given in Practice D4106.1.4 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determining transmissivity are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of the Theis method.1.5 The scope of this practice is limited by the capabilities of the apparatus.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this practice are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this practice to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values for the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as noncompliance with this standard.1.8 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The transmission of power in many automotive and industrial applications is accomplished through the use of geared systems. At higher operating speeds it is well known that the lubricant/additive system can be a significant factor in preventing scuffing (adhesive wear) damage to gears. This test method is used to screen the scuffing load capacity of oils used to lubricate spur and helical (parallel axis) gear units.5.2 The test method is limited by the capabilities of the equipment (test rig and gears), and the performance observed may not directly relate to scuffing performance observed with spiral bevel on hypoid gearing. It is also limited to discriminating between oils with mild EP additives or less. Lubricants containing higher levels of additives, that is, those meeting the requirements of API GL4 or GL5, generally exceed the maximum load capacity of the test rig and, therefore, cannot be distinguished for their scuffing capabilities by this test method.1.1 This test method, the Forschungstelle für Záhnräder und Getriebebau (Research Site for Gears and Transmissions) Visual Method, commonly referred to as the FZG Visual Method, is intended to measure the scuffing load capacity of oils used to lubricate hardened steel gears. Scoring, a form of abrasive wear, is also included as a failure criteria in this test method. It is primarily used to assess the resistance to scuffing of mild additive treated oils such as industrial gear oils, transmission fluids, and hydraulic fluids. High EP type oils, for example, those oils meeting the requirements of API GL-4 and GL-5, generally exceed the capacity of the test rig and, therefore, cannot be differentiated with this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see Section 7, Section 8, 9.2, 9.3.1, and Annex A1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is intended for quality assurance and production control purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the static load capacity of treestand seats in terms of a factor of safety relative to the manufacturers rated capacity.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Current carrying capacity is used by designers and manufacturers of electronic interface circuitry to ensure that the membrane switch can reliably handle the loads occurring in normal use and under extreme circumstances. A thorough understanding of CCC allows manufacturers to take it into account when developing design rules for membrane switches.4.2 Failures due to exceeding the CCC of a circuit may take the form of a significant change in conductor resistance, insulation breakdown (shorts), or conductor breakdown (opens).4.3 Since a number of design parameters, such as trace width, ink film thickness, and heat transfer (mounting substrates, active cooling such as fans) affect the final test results, any conclusions should only be applied to specific designs, rather than to a general combination of materials.4.4 Current carrying capacity tests may be destructive and units that have been tested should be considered unreliable for future use.4.5 Current carrying capacity may be significantly different for static loads and dynamic (that is, cycling) loads. Failure modes are also generally different.4.6 The use of a thermocouple to monitor the temperature of the UUT may be helpful to monitor the progress of the test.4.7 Initial expected starting current should be calculated in advance to prevent damage to test equipment.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the current carrying capacity of a conductor as part of a membrane switch.1.2 This test method may be used to test a circuit to destruction, that is, to determine its maximum current carrying capacity, or it may be used to test the ability of a circuit to withstand a desired current level.1.3 This test method applies only to static conditions, and does not apply to contact closure cycling of a membrane switch under current load (test method forthcoming).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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