定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

5.1 Knowledge of the individual component composition (speciation) of gasoline fuels and blending stocks is useful for refinery quality control and product specification. Process control and product specification compliance for many individual hydrocarbons can be determined through the use of this test method.5.2 This test method is adopted from earlier development and enhancement.4,5,6,7 The chromatographic operating conditions and column tuning process, included in this test method, were developed to provide and enhance the separation and subsequent determination of many individual components not obtained with previous single-column analyses. The column temperature program profile is selected to afford the maximum resolution of possible co-eluting components, especially where these are of two different compound types (for example, a paraffin and a naphthene).5.3 Although a majority of the individual hydrocarbons present in petroleum distillates are determined, some co-elution of compounds is encountered. If this test method is utilized to determine bulk hydrocarbon group-type composition (PONA), the user of such data should be cautioned that some error will be encountered due to co-elution and a lack of identification of all components present. Samples containing significant amounts of olefinic or naphthenic, or both, constituents above octane may reflect significant errors in PONA-type groupings.5.4 If water is or is suspected of being present, its concentration is determined by the use of Test Method D1744. Other compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and so forth may also be present, and may co-elute with the hydrocarbons. When known co-elution exists, these are noted in the test method data tables. If determination of these specific compounds is required, it is recommended that test methods for these specific materials be used, such as Test Method D4815 and D5599 for oxygenates, Test Method D5580 for aromatics, and Test Method D5623 for sulfur compounds.1.1 This test method covers the determination of individual hydrocarbon components of spark-ignition engine fuels and their mixtures containing oxygenate blends (MTBE, ETBE, ethanol, and so forth) with boiling ranges up to 225 °C. Other light liquid hydrocarbon mixtures typically encountered in petroleum refining operations, such as blending stocks (naphthas, reformates, alkylates, and so forth) may also be analyzed; however, statistical data was obtained only with blended spark-ignition engine fuels.1.2 Based on the cooperative study results, individual component concentrations and precision are determined in the range from 0.01 % to approximately 30 % by mass. The test method may be applicable to higher and lower concentrations for the individual components; however, the user must verify the accuracy if the test method is used for components with concentrations outside the specified ranges.1.3 This test method also determines methanol, ethanol, t-butanol, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE), and t-amyl methyl ether (TAME) in spark ignition engine fuels in the concentration range from 1 % to 30 % by mass. However, the cooperative study data provided insufficient statistical data for obtaining a precision statement for these compounds.1.4 Although a majority of the individual hydrocarbons present are determined, some co-elution of compounds is encountered. If this test method is utilized to estimate bulk hydrocarbon group-type composition (PONA), the user of such data should be cautioned that some error will be encountered due to co-elution and a lack of identification of all components present. Samples containing significant amounts of naphthenic (for example, virgin naphthas) constituents above n-octane may reflect significant errors in PONA-type groupings. Based on the gasoline samples in the interlaboratory cooperative study, this test method is applicable to samples containing less than 25 % by mass of olefins. However, some interfering co-elution with the olefins above C7 is possible, particularly if blending components or their higher boiling cuts such as those derived from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are analyzed, and the total olefin content may not be accurate. Annex A1 of this test method compares results of the test method with other test methods for selected components, including olefins, and several group types for several interlaboratory cooperative study samples. Although benzene, toulene, and several oxygenates are determined, when doubtful as to the analytical results of these components, confirmatory analyses can be obtained by using the specific test methods listed in the reference section.1.4.1 Total olefins in the samples may be obtained or confirmed, or both, if necessary, by Test Method D1319 (percent by volume) or other test methods, such as those based on multidimentional PONA-type of instruments.1.5 If water is or is suspected of being present, its concentration may be determined, if desired, by the use of Test Method D1744 or equivalent. Other compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and so forth, may also be present, and may co-elute with the hydrocarbons. If determination of these specific compounds is required, it is recommended that test methods for these specific materials be used, such as Test Methods D4815 and D5599 for oxygenates, and Test Method D5623 for sulfur compounds, or equivalent.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

3.1 Tall oil fractionated products derived from tall oil are important commercial materials, primarily composed of fatty acids and rosin acids, but also containing some neutral material (see Terminology D804). For many applications, it is necessary to know the level of the individual fatty acids and rosin acids present in these products. Gas chromatography has proven to be a useful tool for such determinations (see Test Methods D509), and capillary chromatography, described in these test methods, is considered to be the most effective gas chromatographic technique currently available. In particular situations, other techniques may be more suitable than gas chromatography. For example, the presence of fatty acid esters in the sample would result in transesterification during the derivatization step that may affect the results.3.2 Due to hydrogen bonding, unmodified tall oil fatty acids and rosin acids cannot be volatilized at atmospheric pressure without undergoing decomposition. So, it is necessary to convert the free acids to the more volatile and more stable methyl esters, prior to chromatographic separation.3.3 These test methods describe four ways to prepare methyl esters. The classic method is through the use of diazomethane, but diazomethane is a hazardous and toxic material, and so is no longer the preferred agent. The use of diazomethane is detailed in Appendix X1.3.3.1 TMAH causes isomerization of a sample’s di- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, when it is used in even a slight excess. This leads to inaccurate results for the individual fatty acid components. TMAH should be used for materials containing only rosin acids, or when the identification or quantitation of individual fatty acid components is not important.3.3.2 TMPAH is the recommended methylating agent when the identification or quantitation of individual di- and polyunsaturated fatty acids is required. TMPAH produces results that are very similar to those of diazomethane, but without the hazards that are associated with diazomethane. A considerable excess of TMPAH may cause isomerization of conjugated compounds similar to that encountered with TMAH.3.3.3 DMF-DMA gives results comparable to TMPAH and is easy and safe to use. However, the reagent is moisture sensitive, requiring samples to be free of any significant levels of water.3.4 Two test methods for calculating the amounts of the individual fatty acid and rosin acid methyl esters are included in these test methods. When the actual weight percentage of a given compound is required, the “internal standard” method must be used. This method involves adding a known amount of an internal standard to a known amount of test material, and comparing the area of the peak associated with the internal standard with the area of the peak of the individual fatty acid or rosin acid methyl esters. The “area percent” method will give the relative amount of each component, by comparing the area of the appropriate peak to the total area of all peaks. Non-eluting compounds will lead to erroneous (absolute) results with this method.PREPARATION OF METHYL ESTERSNOTE 1: Any of these three methods can be used, with the choice being dependent on the factors mentioned in 3.3.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amounts of the individual fatty acids and rosin acids in fractionated tall oil products, using capillary gas chromatographic separation of the volatile methyl esters of these acids.1.2 Four methods for forming the methyl esters, and two methods for determining the amounts of the individual fatty acids and rosin acids are described.1.2.1 The classic method for the formation of methyl esters is through the use of diazomethane, but diazomethane is a hazardous and toxic material, and so is no longer the preferred reagent. The use of diazomethane is detailed in the Appendix. Methyl esters may be formed through the use of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide (TMPAH), or N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA).1.2.2 The two methods for determining the amount of the individual fatty acids and rosin acids are the “internal standard” method, which yields absolute values, and the “area percent” method, which yields relative values.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Knowledge of the individual component composition (speciation) of gasoline fuels and blending stocks is useful for refinery quality control and product specification. Process control and product specification compliance for many individual hydrocarbons may be determined through the use of this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of individual hydrocarbon components of spark-ignition engine fuels with boiling ranges up to 225 °C. Other light liquid hydrocarbon mixtures typically encountered in petroleum refining operations, such as, blending stocks (naphthas, reformates, alkylates, and so forth) may also be analyzed; however, statistical data was obtained only with blended spark-ignition engine fuels. The tables in Annex A1 enumerate the components reported. Component concentrations are determined in the range from 0.10 % to 15 % by mass. The procedure may be applicable to higher and lower concentrations for the individual components; however, the user must verify the accuracy if the procedures are used for components with concentrations outside the specified ranges.1.2 This test method is applicable also to spark-ignition engine fuel blends containing oxygenated components. However, in this case, the oxygenate content must be determined by Test Methods D5599 or D4815.1.3 Benzene co-elutes with 1-methylcyclopentene. Benzene content must be determined by Test Method D3606 or D5580.1.4 Toluene co-elutes with 2,3,3-trimethylpentane. Toluene content must be determined by Test Method D3606 or D5580.1.5 Although a majority of the individual hydrocarbons present are determined, some co-elution of compounds is encountered. If this procedure is utilized to estimate bulk hydrocarbon group-type composition (PONA) the user of such data should be cautioned that error may be encountered due to co-elution and a lack of identification of all components present. Samples containing significant amounts of naphthenic (for example, virgin naphthas) constituents above n-octane may reflect significant errors in PONA type groupings. Based on the interlaboratory cooperative study, this procedure is applicable to samples having concentrations of olefins less than 20 % by mass. However, significant interfering coelution with the olefins above C7 is possible, particularly if blending components or their higher boiling cuts such as those derived from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are analyzed, and the total olefin content may not be accurate. Many of the olefins in spark ignition fuels are at a concentration below 0.10 %; they are not reported by this test method and may bias the total olefin results low.1.5.1 Total olefins in the samples may be obtained or confirmed, or both, by Test Method D1319 (volume %) or other test methods, such as those based on multidimensional PONA type of instruments.1.6 If water is or is suspected of being present, its concentration may be determined, if desired, by the use of Test Method D1744. Other compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and so forth, may also be present, and may co-elute with the hydrocarbons. If determination of these specific compounds is required, it is recommended that test methods for these specific materials be used, such as Test Method D5623 for sulfur compounds.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is similar to Test Method D4367 with the exception that capillary columns are used and intended for trace level of benzene in hydrocarbon solvents. The need for trace benzene analysis in hydrocarbon solvents arose because of the increase of more stringent regulation of benzene level in these materials.1.1 This test method covers the determination by capillary gas chromatography of trace benzene in hydrocarbon solvents at levels from 1.0 to 2400 vppm.NOTE 1: Lower levels of benzene may be determined by this test method. However the gas chromatography (GC) will have to be modified from those specified in this test method. The precision of the method may not apply to these lower benzene levels.1.2 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the statement. The values in parenthesis are given for information only and are not necessarily the exact equivalent of the SI unit values.1.4 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with Practice E29.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Capillary ion electrophoresis provides a simultaneous separation and determination of several inorganic anions using nanolitres of sample in a single injection. All anions present in the sample matrix will be visualized yielding an anionic profile of the sample.5.2 Analysis time is less than 5 minutes with sufficient sensitivity for drinking water and wastewater applications. Time between samplings is less than seven minutes allowing for high sample throughput.5.3 Minimal sample preparation is necessary for drinking water and wastewater matrices. Typically, only a dilution with water is needed.5.4 This test method is intended as an alternative to other multi-analyte methods and various wet chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions in water and wastewater. Compared to other multi-analyte methods the major benefits of CIE are speed of analysis, simplicity, and reduced reagent consumption and operating costs.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inorganic anions fluoride, bromide, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, ortho-phosphate, and sulfate in drinking water, wastewater, and other aqueous matrices using capillary ion electrophoresis (CIE) with indirect UV detection. See Figs. 1-6.1.2 The test method uses a chromate-based electrolyte and indirect UV detection at 254 nm. It is applicable for the determination or inorganic anions in the range of 0.1 to 50 mg/L except for fluoride whose range is 0.1 to 25 mg/L.1.3 It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for other anion concentrations and untested aqueous matrices.NOTE 1: The highest accepted anion concentration submitted for precision and bias extend the anion concentration range for the following anions: Chloride to 93 mg/L, Sulfate to 90 mg/L, Nitrate to 72 mg/L, and ortho-phosphate to 58 mg/L.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method may be used to:5.1.1 Determine the pore size distribution of a geotextile,5.1.2 Determine the maximum pore size of a geotextile,5.1.3 Determine the mean flow pore size of a geotextile,5.1.4 Determine the effect of processes such as calendaring or needle punching upon the pore size distribution,5.1.5 Determine the effect of compression upon the pore size distribution of a geotextile, if the test equipment allows, and5.1.6 Determine the gas flow rate of a geotextile, and thereby its gas flow capability.5.2 The pore size distribution test may also be used for research, material development, or to assess clogging on field-retrieved samples.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore size distribution of geotextile filters with pore sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 μm.NOTE 1: The accuracy of this procedure has been verified up to a maximum pore size of 500 μm. Above this value, accuracy has been found to be equipment dependent and should be verified by the user through checks on materials with known opening sizes.1.2 The test method measures the entire pore size distribution in terms of a surface analysis of specified pore sizes in a geotextile, defined in terms of the limiting diameters.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is useful for characterizing the flow behavior of asphalt emulsion residues and non-Newtonian asphalts. However, since non-Newtonian viscosity values depend on the level of shearing stress, its duration, and the shear history of the material, a non-Newtonian viscosity is not a unique material property. Instead, it is a parameter which is characteristic of the fluid-viscometer system under the conditions of the measurement procedure. Therefore, comparisons of non-Newtonian material behavior should only be made using apparent viscosities determined in similar viscometers under similar conditions of shearing stress and stress history. Procedures of sample preparation are especially important for repeatability or reproducibility of test results.NOTE 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capacity, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method describes procedures primarily designed to determine the apparent viscosities of residues obtained by distilling asphalt emulsions according to Test Method D6997. It is also recommended for use on non-Newtonian asphalts at any temperature within the capability of the apparatus. This test method is useful in characterizing rheological properties of non-Newtonian asphalts as a function of shear rate under the conditions of the test method. This test is run in straight open-end tube viscometers, normally at 60 °C, but is suitable for use at other temperatures. It is applicable over the range from 5 to 50 000 Pa·s.NOTE 1: The precision for this test method is based on determinations made at 60 °C.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, except in reference to viscometer constant or calibration factor (K).1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for details and the EPA’s website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Some fuel dilution of the engine oil may take place during normal operation. However, excessive fuel dilution is of concern in terms of possible performance problems. This method provides a means to determine the magnitude of the fuel dilution, providing the user with the ability to predict performance problems and to take appropriate action.1.1 This test method describes a gas chromatographic technique for determining the amount of gasoline fuel dilution in used lubricating oils arising from their use in gasoline engines.1.2 This test method is limited to gas chromatographs accommodating wide-bore (0.53 mm) capillary columns and that are equipped with flame ionization detectors (FIDs) and temperature programmable ovens.1.3 There is no limitation regarding the fuel dilution concentration range that can be determined by this method, however the precision statements apply only to the concentration range of 0.5 % to 20.3 % gasoline. A reporting limit of 0.5 % gasoline fuel dilution has also been included in the method.1.4 Lubricating fluids recovered from engine crankcases have undergone changes due to heating, volatilization, sheering, oxidation and other reactions, and, as a result, the chromatographic profiles of the gasoline diluents and engine oils often differ significantly from their original patterns. Caution is accordingly advised when comparing quantitative determinations made using new verses used or in-service materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is useful for benzene purity on the basis of impurities normally present in benzene and may be used for final product inspections and process control.5.2 This test method will detect the following impurities: toluene, methylcyclopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylhexane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, 2-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclopentane, 2,4-dimethylhexane, trimethylpentane, and others where specific impurity standards are available. Absolute purity cannot be accurately determined if unknown impurities are present.1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific impurities in, and the purity of benzene for cyclohexane feedstock by gas chromatography.1.2 This test method has been found applicable to benzene in the range from 99 % to 100 % purity and to impurities at concentrations of 2 mg/kg to 10 000 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) is 2 mg/kg for an impurity and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 6 mg/kg for an impurity.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.2 and Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification describes the physical requirements and corresponding test methods for disposable glass blood sample capillary tubes for use in microhematocrit procedures. Covered here are two different types of capillary tubes, namely, Type I (coated with heparin), and Type II (uncoated). The tubes shall be fabricated from Type I, Class B borosilicate glass, or Type II soda lime glass. Conversely, the heparin used for coating Type I tubes shall be of ammonium salt isolated from the lungs or intestinal mucosa of beef or pork origin. The tubes shall conform to specified requirements for design, dimension, workmanship, color coding, and lot or control number. They should also pass the following tests for capillarity, fluidity, sheep plasma, positive and negative controls, human whole blood, heparin potency assay, and resistance to centrifugal force.1.1 This specification covers disposable glass blood sample capillary tubes for use in microhematocrit procedures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is sensitive to polymer molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, polymer stability—both thermal and rheological, shear instability, and additives such as plasticizers, lubricants, moisture reinforcements, or inert fillers, or combination thereof.4.2 The sensitivity of this test method makes the data useful for correlating with processing conditions and aids in predicting necessary changes in processing conditions. Unlike Test Method D1238, which makes a one-point measure at a shear rate typically below processing conditions, this test method determines the shear sensitivity and flow characteristics at processing shear rates, and therefore is used to compare materials of different compositions.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the rheological properties of polymeric materials at various temperatures and shear rates common to processing equipment. It covers measurement of melt viscosity, sensitivity, or stability of melt viscosity with respect to temperature and polymer dwell time in the rheometer, die swell ratio (polymer memory), and shear sensitivity when extruding under constant rate or stress. The techniques described permit the characterization of materials that exhibit both stable and unstable melt viscosity properties.1.2 This test method has been found useful for quality control tests on both reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics, cure cycles of thermosetting materials, and other polymeric materials having a wide range of melt viscosities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.NOTE 1: Although this test method and ISO 11443–1995, “Plastic—Determination of the Fluidity of Plastics Using Capillary and Slit-Die Rheometers” differ in approach or detail, the data obtained using ISO 11443, Method A is technically equivalent to this test method1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This test method is suitable for determining the concentrations of known impurities in refined toluene and for use as an integral quality control tool where toluene is produced or used in manufacturing.Toluene purity is reported, but a chromatographic analysis cannot determine absolute purity if unknown or undetected components are present in the sample.1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon impurities typically found in, and the purity of, samples containing 98 wt % and greater toluene. This test method is applicable to impurity concentrations in the range of 0.0005 to 1.6 wt %.1.2 Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing 6 through 8 carbon atoms, cumene, 1,4–dioxane, and nonaromatic aliphatic hydrocarbons containing up to 12 carbon atoms can be detected by this test method. The nonaromatic compounds are determined as a composite.1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元