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5.1 The pressure drop results can be added to the pressure drops of other components in an exhaust system to determine the total exhaust fan pressure requirement.5.2 The particulate capture efficiency can be used with known particulate size emission data for a cooking appliance-food product combination to determine the total mass of grease particles captured by the filter, the total mass of grease particles that pass through the filter, and the particle size distribution of the grease particles that pass through the filter. Fig. 1 shows an example particle capture efficiency curve.FIG. 1 Particle Capture Efficiency Example Curve1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3148-18(2023) Standard Guide for Postmortem Facial Image Capture Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

5.1 The protocols that exist for photographing a decedent’s face at autopsy for identification purposes (for example, NAME Forensic Autopsy Performance Standards) do not always result in the capture of facial images that can be used for automated FR searches or manual facial comparisons. It is not always feasible to collect fingerprints from decedents (for example, in disaster situations or when a decedent is in a state of advanced decomposition), and radiograph (medical or dental) comparison requires at least a presumptive identification of remains so appropriate comparative antemortem radiographs can be obtained to confirm the identification. If the decedent’s DNA or appropriate family reference DNA profiles are not already stored within a DNA repository (for example, the FBI’s CODIS), a DNA association will also require the presumptive identification of a decedent to ensure that appropriate samples are collected for comparison/association.5.2 It is advisable to follow the guidelines presented in this guide even when not all facial components are present as even incomplete facial images can assist automated FR and manual facial comparison processes, especially through more accurate recording of minute facial details.5.3 For the purpose of facial image capture, there are various perimortem or postmortem conditions or both that can degrade the usability of any facial images captured:5.3.1 Presence of trauma (for example, entry/exit wounds, lacerations, bruising, missing components, etc.),5.3.2 Obscuring matter (for example, blood, fluids, dirt, debris, hair, clothing accessories, and so forth), and5.3.3 Decomposition and other postmortem changes (for example, bloating, mummification, skeletonization, evidence of insect or scavenger activity, etc.).5.4 Before any attempt is made to clean or alter the decedent for facial image capture, nationally accepted standards or agency protocols or both should be followed so the alterations do not affect forensic evidence collection, documentation, or chain of custody.1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for capturing postmortem facial images of human remains in controlled (for example, morgue) and semi-controlled (for example, field) settings to facilitate automated facial recognition (FR) searches or manual facial comparisons that could contribute to forensic investigations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.5.2 Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:5.2.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F2474.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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