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4.1 Ash content gives an estimation of the inorganic content of cellulose samples. The presence of high levels of ash can be expected to be detrimental to the process of making cellulose derivatives. It also provides a rough estimate of silica content which can have a significant effect on the performance of filters in cellulose derivative manufacturing facilities.1.1 These test methods cover four ashing methods for cellulose. These are intended for use on unbleached and bleached cellulose in sheeted or bulk fiber form. Each one of the test methods has advantages, so that preference applications exist for all four.1.2 The test methods appear as follows:  SectionsTest Method A—Ash in Cellulose at 575°C  6 to 11Test Method B—Sulfated Ash in Cellulose at 575°C 12 to 17Test Method C—Ashing Cellulose by Schoniger Oxidation 18 to 22Test Method D—Wet Ashing of Cellulose for Inorganics 23 to 291.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 20.6.1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Manganese in pulp acts as a catalyst in oxidizing cellulose.4.2 Iron in pulp can cause yellowness in rayon fibers and influence cellulose acetate plastics color. Iron also causes problems in photographic and blueprint papers.4.3 Copper in pulp can act as a retardant in oxidizing cellulose and can affect viscose ripening. Copper interferes with the dye level of rayon fibers and influences cellulose acetate plastics color.4.4 Calcium in pulps can cause problems in processing into acetate, rayon, cellophane, etc. Calcium can create undesirable deposits in viscose spinning and film casting operation. Calcium can influence viscosity control during cellulose acetate manufacture.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iron, copper, manganese, and calcium content of cellulose pulp from wood or cotton.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the standard requirements for plasticized ethyl cellulose thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. It does not however include special materials compounded for special applications. Materials shall be ethyl cellulose plastics in the form of pellets with uniform size and composition and may contain colorants in nominal amounts. Test specimens shall conform to the following physical property requirements: unpigmented specific gravity; Rockwell hardness; tensile strength; impact strength; deflection temperature; water absorption; and weight loss on heating.1.1 This specification covers requirements for plasticized ethyl cellulose thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. It does not include special materials compounded for special applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The English values given are for information only.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the Test Methods portion, Section 9 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The CTA dosimetry system provides a means for measuring absorbed dose based on a change in optical absorbance in the CTA dosimeter following exposure to ionizing radiation (5, 7-14).CTA dosimetry systems are commonly used in industrial radiation processing, for example in the modification of polymers and sterilization of health care products.CTA dosimeter film is particularly useful in absorbed dose mapping because it is available in a strip format and if measured using a strip measurement device, it can provide a dose map with higher resolution than using discrete points.1.1 This is a practice for using a cellulose triacetate (CTA) dosimetry system to measure absorbed dose in materials irradiated by photons or electrons in terms of absorbed dose to water. The CTA dosimetry system is classified as a routine dosimetry system.1.2 The CTA dosimeter is classified as a type II dosimeter on the basis of the complex effect of influence quantities on its response (see ASTM Practice E2628).1.3 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ASTM E2628 “Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing” for a CTA dosimetry system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ASTM E2628.1.4 This practice covers the use of CTA dosimetry systems under the following conditions:1.4.1 The absorbed dose range is 10 kGy to 300 kGy.1.4.2 The absorbed-dose rate range is 3 Gy/s to 4×1010 Gy/s (1).1.4.3 The photon energy range is 0.1 to 50 MeV.1.4.4 The electron energy range is 0.2 to 50 MeV.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as follows:  SectionCellulosic Materials and Constituents 3.1Chemical Modifications and Derivatives of Cellulose 3.2Properties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are applicable to both Sections 3.1 and 3.2 3.31.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The measurement of soluble oxidizable components of cellulose in sodium hydroxide is indicative of the purity of the cellulose sample, since pure cellulose is insoluble in sodium hydroxide. The extracted components are typically hemicelluloses, which are naturally present in the wood. Differences in pulp purity can have a dramatic impact on the processing and properties of the cellulose derivatives produced from the pulp.1.1 This test method2 is intended for application to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from cotton or wood. The procedure is not directly applicable to unrefined pulps for use in chemical conversion processes because solubility equilibrium may not be attained within the specified extraction time.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers requirements for plasticized cellulose acetate butyrate thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have a butyryl content less than 38 % and an acetyl content less than 15 % and may or may not contain dyes and pigments. This specification does not include special materials compounded for special applications. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This specification allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this specification are met. Test specimens of the thermoplastic compounds shall conform to the prescribed specific gravity, tensile stress at yield, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, water absorption and weight loss on heating. The materials shall also be subject to color-visual, color-quantitative, and plasticizer content analysis.1.1 This classification system covers requirements for plasticized cellulose acetate butyrate thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have a butyryl content less than 38 % and an acetyl content less than 15 % and can contain dyes and pigments. This classification system does not include special materials compounded for special applications. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This classification system allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this classification system are met.1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, environment to which it will be exposed, fabrication process to be employed, costs involved, and inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method determines the methoxyl and hydroxypropoxyl content of cellulose ethers by a Zeisel-gas chromatographic technique.3.2 Substitution levels affect solution properties, rheology, viscosity, and many other properties of the polymer.1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of methoxyl and hydroxypropyl substitution content in cellulose ether products by a Zeisel-gas chromatographic technique.1.2 This test method is not suitable for use for the analysis of hydroxypropyl-cellulose due to its very high substitution level.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 2, 11.1.4, and 11.1.7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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7.1 Ash content gives an estimate of the inorganic content of cellulose ester samples. The presence of high levels of inorganic content (ash) can be detrimental to the melt stability and optical clarity of a cellulose ester in melt processing or act as a potential source of insolubles when the ester is used in solution.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing of cellulose acetate propionates and acetate butyrates. These esters may vary widely in composition and properties, so certain of the procedures can be used only in the ranges of composition where they are suitable.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The test procedures appear in the following sections:  SectionsAcetyl Propionyl or Butyryl Contents 28 – 37Acetyl Content, Apparent 18 – 27Acidity, Free 12 – 17Ash  7 – 10Color and Haze 77 – 81Heat Stability 57 – 65Hydroxyl Content 38 – 44Hydroxyl Content, Primary 46 – 50Intrinsic Viscosity 67 – 71Moisture Content  5-6Sulfur or Sulfate Content 51 – 56Viscosity 74-75Limiting Viscosity Number 67 – 711.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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