2.1 This standard is applicable to the calculation of stresses seen on a knee femoral component when loaded in a manner described in this test method. This method can be used to establish the worst-case size for a particular implant family. When stresses calculated using this method were compared to the stresses measured from physical strain gauging techniques performed at one laboratory, the results correlated to within 9%.1.1 This standard establishes requirements and considerations for the numerical simulation of metallic orthopaedic cemented and cementless total knee femoral components using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques for the estimation of stresses and strains. This standard is only applicable to stresses below the yield strength, as provided in the material certification.1.2 Purpose—This test method establishes requirements and considerations for the development of finite element models to be used in the evaluation of metallic orthopaedic total knee femoral component designs for the purpose of prediction of the static implant stresses and strains. This procedure can be used for worst-case assessment within a family of implant sizes to provide efficiencies in the amount of physical testing to be conducted. Recommended procedures for performing model checks and verification are provided to help determine if the analysis follows recommended guidelines. Finally, the recommended content of an engineering report covering the mechanical simulation is presented.1.3 Limits—This document is limited in discussion to the static structural analysis of metallic orthopaedic total knee femoral components (which excludes the prediction of fatigue strength).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirements for use in building codes and ordinances relating to self-closing and self-latching single leaf access, general-purpose gates.3.2 This guide does not apply to double leaf or double drive access gates.3.3 This guide does not have the effect of law, nor is it intended to supersede Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines, local codes or ordinances of a more restrictive nature.1.1 This guide establishes the recommended minimum requirements for the design, construction and performance of self-closing and self-latching single leaf, general-purpose access gates. It is intended to provide an added degree of reliability in the performance of the self-closing and self-latching devices mounted to these gates.1.2 This guide should be referenced whenever any other standard requires a single leaf access gate to be self-closing and self-latching, with the exception of standards for pool or outdoor child safety gates.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. After installation and inspection, it is the responsibility of the homeowner or property manager to inspect and adjust the hardware, or the gate, or both, to compensate for ground movement and other factors so that the gate continues to effectively self-close and self-latch.

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5.1 Clinical fractures of total knee femoral components have been observed and reported in the literature (1-12).4 (See X1.4.)5.2 This test method provides a procedure to perform fatigue testing on total knee femoral components under closing conditions caused by an unsupported condyle that result in a tensile stress on the articular surface and a compressive stress on the interior, beveled surfaces.5.3 This test method is intended to evaluate the fatigue performance of knee femoral components under a simulated articulation loading condition. The load acts to move the posterior femoral condyle toward the anterior flange.5.4 This test method simulates a clinically severe condition in which all bony support is lost and one condyle is supporting the complete load at the knee joint at 90° of tibiofemoral flexion.5.5 Testing in accordance with this test method typically produces regions of high tensile stress in the intercondylar notch and on the articular surface where the anterior flange transitions to condyle.5.6 The loading of total knee femoral components using this test method may differ from actual in vivo loading conditions. The results obtained here cannot be used to directly predict in vivo performance. However, this test method is designed to enable comparison between the fatigue performance of different total knee femoral component designs when tested under similar closing conditions.1.1 This standard applies to metallic total knee femoral components used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Femoral components made of nonmetallic materials (for example, ceramic, polymer) could possibly be evaluated using this test method. However, such materials may include risks of new failure mechanisms which are not considered in this test method.1.2 The procedure described in this standard is performed on total knee femoral components for supporting determination of fatigue behavior under closing-style loading conditions. Closing-style loading refers to forces that act to reduce the femoral intercondylar depth, resulting in a tensile stress on the articular surface of the femoral condyle. (See 3.2.2.)1.3 Different designs can be characterized as, but not limited to, posterior cruciate ligament retaining (CR), posterior stabilizing (PS), and revision.1.4 This standard does not address evaluation of femoral components under opening-style loading conditions which have also generated clinical failures. Under opening-style loading conditions, forces are applied to the inner contour of the femoral component in a way that the forces act to increase the intercondylar depth, or open the femoral component.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the requirements for specific characteristics and appropriate test requirements for, and disclosure of self-closing aneurysm clips that are intended for permanent implantation. Miniatures of "microclips" that are not intended for the obliteration of aneurysms are excluded from this specification.1.1 This specification covers requirements for the specific characteristics of self-closing aneurysm clips that are intended for permanent implantation. Appropriate test requirements are also included.1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to aneurysm clip performance may not be known, this specification is intended to reflect the state of our knowledge to date.1.3 Miniatures of "microclips" that are not intended for the obliteration of aneurysms are excluded from this specification.

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This specification covers single- and double compression and self-closing faucets for shipboard plumbing installations. Faucets may be classified into nine types: Type I is the standard (bibb) with three classes namely Class A (compression, plain end), Class B (compression, hose end), and Class C (self-closing); Type II is a lavatory, self-closing, low spout faucet with two classes which are Class A (fast-closing) and Class B (slow-closing, depression type); Type III is a folding lavatory,self-closing faucet; Type IV is an elbow operated faucet, Type V is a faucet with lavatory, combination water supply and drain fixture; Type VI is a faucet with combination supply fixture swing spout for use on galley sinks; Type VII is a faucet with single supply fixture swing spout for use with steam kettles and urns and this type has two classes namely Class A which has spout for overhead supply and Class B which has spout for riser supply; Type VIII is a faucet with supply fixture for pressed metal and shock mounted china lavatories; and Type IX which is a faucet with lavatory and combination of water supply and drain fixtures. Faucet bodies shall be made of bronze and handles shall be of commercial grade cast or forged brass or bronze. Bonnets, handwheels, and nuts shall be of commercial quality brass or bronze; machine screws shall be made of commercial brass. Seat washers shall be of a rubber or fiber material and suitable for a certain water temperature range without deterioration of material. Springs for self-closing faucets shall be of corrosionresisting steel, phosphor bronze, or nickel copper. All samples shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test.1.1 This specification covers single- and double-compression and self-closing faucets for shipboard plumbing installations.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this standard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The means of closing the flaps of corrugated shipping containers is one of the important decisions for a shipper. It may affect the overall material cost, the labor costs, the packaging equipment costs, and the performance of the box during distribution.4.2 This practice provides a list of many available procedures for closing, sealing, and reinforcing boxes. Most of these describe a particular packaging material and a particular use of it on a box. Some methods involve package performance testing; any closure or reinforcement which passes prescribed tests (usually on the proposed box and contents) is considered to comply with that section of this practice. Performance-based methods are encouraged because they allow for considerable flexibility in the choice of packaging materials and methods yet provide assurance of a given level of performance.4.3 A diverse range of methods are described in this practice but relative performance levels are not given. Laboratory package testing such as Practice D4169 and field experience are recommended to rate alternative methods on performance for the intended use.4.4 The descriptions of materials and methods in this practice provide direction for the procurement of materials and for their common uses on boxes. These descriptions may be sufficient for some specification purposes, but others will require more thorough material and application requirements than those given here.4.5 The list of methods in this practice is not exhaustive; deviation or variation from the listed methods is possible with the approval of the appropriate parties referencing this practice. Depending on the characteristics of the contents, the specific shipping container, the acceptable package costs, the distribution hazards, and the desired degree of assurance of successful shipment, more stringent methods than those listed may be needed or less stringent methods than those listed may be adequate. The methods described are typical uses of the closure, reinforcing, or sealing materials; many of these materials can be used for other box styles or other methods on boxes but all of these are not included in this practice. Materials for box closure, reinforcement, or sealing are commercially available which have higher or lower performance characteristics than those listed in this practice; these may often be used in a lesser or greater quantity than the described applications of the listed materials.4.6 This practice assumes the following:4.6.1 The shipping container and inner packing are properly designed for the contents and the distribution hazards (see Practices D4169 and D5118/D5118M),4.6.2 Normal, reasonable care is taken in shipment, including storage, handling, loading, and bracing, and4.6.3 Normal, reasonable care is taken in the application of the closure, reinforcing, or sealing materials to the shipping container.1.1 This practice describes several methods for closing, sealing, and reinforcing fiberboard (solid and corrugated, excluding triple wall) shipping boxes used for shipment. One or several methods listed in this practice may be referenced in regulations, specifications, or contracts. (See Appendix for cross reference).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: This practice is intended to be workable in both inch-pound units and SI units. Unit conversions are intended to be functional but are not necessarily exact; this should not significantly affect the performance of the closing, sealing, or reinforcing methods. Descriptions in inch-pound and SI units are considered interchangeable in this practice.NOTE 2: All references to this standard should be made by closure number.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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