定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

5.1 LCC analysis is an economic method to evaluate alternatives that are characterized by differing cash flows over the designated project design life. The method entails calculating the LCC of each alternative capable of satisfying the functional requirements of the project and comparing them to determine which have the lowest estimated LCC over the project design life.5.2 The LCC method is particularly suitable for determining whether the higher initial cost of an alternative is economically justified by reductions in future costs (for example, operating maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement) when compared to an alternative with lower initial costs but higher future costs. If a design alternative has both a lower initial cost and lower future costs than other alternatives, an LCC analysis is not necessary to show the former is the economically preferable choice.1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for using life cycle cost (LCC) analysis techniques to evaluate alternative drainage system designs, using plastic pipe that satisfy the same functional requirements.1.2 The LCC technique measures the present value of all relevant costs to install, operate, and maintain alternative drainage systems such as engineering, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement over a specified period of time. The practice also accommodates any remaining residual or salvage value.1.3 The decision maker, using the results of the LCC analysis, can then identify the alternative(s) with the lowest estimated total cost based on the present value of all costs.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 LCC analysis is an economic method for evaluating alternatives that are characterized by differing cash flows over the designated project design life. The method entails calculating the LCC of each alternate capable of satisfying the functional requirement of the project and comparing them to determine which has (have) the lowest estimated LCC over the project design life.5.2 The LCC method is particularly suitable for determining whether the higher initial cost of an alternative is economically justified by reductions in future costs (for example, operating maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement) when compared to an alternative with lower initial costs but higher future costs. If a design alternative has both a lower initial cost and lower future costs than other alternatives, an LCC analysis is not necessary to show that the former is the economically preferable choice.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for using life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis techniques to evaluate alternative drainage system designs using corrugated metal pipe that satisfies the same functional requirements.1.2 The LCC technique measures the present value of all relevant costs of installing, operating, and maintaining alternative drainage systems, such as engineering, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement, over a specified period of time. The practice also accommodates any remaining residual or salvage value.1.3 Using the results of the LCC analysis, the decision maker can then identify the alternative(s) with the lowest estimated total cost based on the present value of all costs.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits with nominal diameters between 4 in. and 30 in. (100 mm and 750 mm) by the insertion of folded PVC pipe, which is heated, pressurized, and expanded against the interior surface of the existing pipe with either a mechanical rounding device or steam pressure. The finished formed PVC pipe will be continuous and conform to the existing pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of non–pressure applications, such as: sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of a field-fabricated PVC liner. After installation of the liner, cementitious grout is injected into the annular space between the liner and the existing sewer or conduit. The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid composite structure (PVC/grout/existing pipe). This rehabilitation process may be used in a variety of gravity applications, such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers and process piping of man-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners are supplied in coils for spiral winding of the liner or in custom-cut flat panels for circumferential lining of all or any portion of the circumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2).FIG. 1 Example of Profile PVC StripFIG. 2 Typical Installations with Panels1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of gravity flow, non-pressure pipes through the use of a resin-saturated liner installed within a section of damaged or leaking existing pipe. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the sectional repair of gravity flow, non-pressure pipelines and conduits 3 in. to 60 in. (75 mm to 1500 mm) diameter by the installation of a resin-saturated liner which is placed onto or wrapped around a carrier device, pushed or pulled into an existing pipeline or conduit and expanded against the interior of the host pipe or conduit with air pressure. The resin is cured under ambient conditions, by photoinitiated reaction or with the application of heat. When cured, the finished sectional repair will be tight-fitting across its installed length. This repair process is used in a variety of gravity flow, non-pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, drains, electrical conduits and ventilation systems.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is intended to assist engineers and sewer owner/operators in determining the suitability of sewers for a secondary use as hosts for optical fiber cables and conduits. It must be kept in mind that the primary use of the sewers is to carry wastewater or storm water, or both. Any secondary use of the system shall not significantly impair the primary use. It is up to the engineer to decide upon any exceptions that may be involved in the selection process.5.2 Before the selection procedure begins, the installer must have explicit authorization from the owner/operator allowing an evaluation to be conducted for the installation of optical fiber cables or conduits within their sewer system.5.3 Engineers and owners should also be cognizant of how the installation of optical fiber cable or conduits will impact the future operational, maintenance, and rehabilitation needs of the sewers.1.1 This practice specifically addresses the criteria for determining the suitability of gravity sewers for secondary uses such as the installation of optical fiber systems.1.1.1 This practice applies to the process of selecting gravity sewers that are appropriate for accepting an optical fiber system as opposed to standards for the installation, operation and maintenance of such system within sewers.1.2 This practice applies to both man accessible and man inaccessible sewer systems.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, extrusion quality, and form of marking for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners for existing man-entry sewer and conduit rehabilitation. The strips shall be subjected to acetone immersion, elasticity, and hydrostatic pressure tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere under specific temperature and relative humidity conditions to determine conformance to extrusion quality, flexural rigidity, and joint leakage requirements, respectively. The extruded profile strips shall be homogeneous throughout and free from visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, or other injurious defects and shall be as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, extrusion quality, and a form of marking for extruded poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners for existing man-entry (36 in. to 144 in. (900 mm to 3650 mm) in vertical dimension) sewer and conduit rehabilitation.1.2 Profile strip produced to this specification is for use in field fabrication of PVC liners in non-pressure pipe and conduit rehabilitation where the liner is installed into the existing sewer or conduit and the annular space between the liner and the existing sewer or conduit is grouted with cementitious grout.NOTE 1: The practice for the installation of PVC liner covered by this specification is Practice F1698.1.3 This specification includes extruded profile strips made only from materials specified in 6.1.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a resin-impregnated glass fiber tube, pulled in place through an existing pipe or conduit, subsequently inflated and then cured by a designed exposure to UV-light. As for any standard practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelines and conduits (4 in. to 72 in. (100 mm to 1830 mm) diameter) by the pulled-in place installation of a resin-impregnated, glass fiber tube into an existing pipe or conduit followed by its inflation with compressed air pressure (see Fig. 1) to expand it firmly against the wall surface of the host structure. The photo-initiated resin system in the tube is then cured by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. When cured, the finished cured-in-place pipe will be a continuous and tight fitting pipe within a pipe. This type of reconstruction process can be used in a variety of gravity flow applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.FIG. 1 UV Cured-In-Place Pipe Installation Method (Air/Steam)1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. Modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits for existing pipelines 6 to 180 in. in diameter by the insertion of a machine-made field-fabricated spiral wound liner pipe into the existing pipeline using a winding machine which remains stationary in the insertion pit or, alternatively, which travels along the interior of the existing pipeline. These rehabilitation processes can be used in a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, culverts, and process piping.1.1.1 When using stationary installation equipment for existing pipelines 6 to 48 in., after insertion, the spiral wound liner pipe is expanded until it presses against the interior surface of the existing pipeline. Alternatively, for existing pipelines 6 to 108 in. in diameter, the spiral wound liner pipe is inserted as a fixed diameter into the existing pipeline and is not expanded, and the annular space between the spiral wound liner pipe and the existing pipe is grouted.1.1.2 When using the traveling installation equipment for existing pipelines 6 to 180 in. the spiral wound liner pipe is installed in contact with the interior surface of the existing pipeline to form a close fit liner, except in the corners of rectangular pipes or where obstructions or offsets occur. Alternatively, for existing pipelines 6 to 180 in. in diameter and for similar sized existing non circular pipelines such as arched or oval or rectangular shapes, the spiral wound liner is installed as a fixed diameter into the exiting pipeline to form a non-close fit liner and the annular space between the spiral wound liner pipe and the existing pipe is grouted.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3.1 Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a resin-impregnated fabric tube pulled-in-place through an existing conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose. Modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelines and conduits (2 in. to 96 in. (5 cm to 244 cm) diameter) by the pulled-in-place installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible fabric tube into an existing conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hose by the use of a hydrostatic head or air pressure (see Fig. 1). The resin is cured by circulating hot water, by the introduction of controlled steam into the tube, or by photoinitiated reaction. When cured, the finished cured-in-place pipe will be continuous and tight fitting. This reconstruction process may be used in a variety of gravity and pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.FIG. 1 Cured-in-Place Pipe Installation Methods1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the requirements and test methods for the materials, dimensions, workmanship, and finished quality of injection molded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) profile sections used for the field fabrication of a PVC liner inside existing man-entry size circular and non-circular sewers; circular, non-circular, and box culverts, conduits, and vertical shafts or manholes having dimensions of 39.4 in. and larger (1000 mm and larger). It covers segmental panel system for non-pressure applications where the PVC liner is installed in the existing structure and the annular space between the liner and the existing structure is grouted with a low viscosity, high strength cementitious grout.1.1 This specification covers the requirements and test methods for the materials, dimensions, workmanship, and finished quality of injection molded poly vinyl chloride (PVC) profile sections used for the field fabrication of a PVC liner inside existing man-entry size circular and non-circular sewers; circular, non-circular, and box culverts, conduits, and vertical shafts or manholes having dimensions of 39.4 in. and larger (1000 mm and larger).1.2 The segmental panel system produced under this specification is for non-pressure applications where the PVC liner is installed in the existing structure and the annular space between the liner and the existing structure is grouted with a low viscosity, high strength cementitious grout.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 The practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of gravity pipes, culverts, tunnels, and conduits by the installation of a field-fabricated PVC liner system. After installation of the liner system, cementitious grout is pumped into the annular space between the liner and the host structure. The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid composite structure (PVC liner/grout/existing pipe). This type of rehabilitation process is suitable for a variety of gravity pipe applications such as storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and culverts; and with geometries including circular, egg, ovoid, elliptical, arch, and site-specific composite shapes.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a resin-impregnated tube inverted through the existing conduit. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelines and conduits (2 in. to 108 in. diameter) by the installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible tube which is inverted into the existing conduit by use of a hydrostatic head or air pressure. The resin is cured by circulating hot water, introducing controlled steam within the tube, or by photoinitiated reaction. When cured, the finished pipe will be continuous and tight-fitting. This reconstruction process is used in a variety of gravity and pressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.4.2.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This practice is intended for the structural design of corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches, and aluminum structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches for use as culverts, storm sewers, and other buried conduits. This practice is for pipe installed in a trench or embankment and subjected to highway, railroad, and aircraft loadings. It must be recognized that buried corrugated aluminum pipes are composite structures made up of the aluminum ring and the soil envelope, and both elements play a vital part in the structural design. Corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches shall be of annular fabrication using riveted seams, or of helical fabrication having a continuous lockseam. Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches shall be fabricated in separate plates that when assembled at the job site by bolting form the required shape. The design load or pressure on a pipe is comprised of earth load, live load, and impact load. Strength requirements for wall strength, buckling strength, and seam strength may be determined by either the allowable stress design (ASD) method (involves calculation of required wall area and critical buckling stress) or the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method (involves calculation of factored loads, factored thrust, factored resistance, wall resistance, and seam resistance). Requirements for handling and installation rigidity and minimum cover are detailed. Design considerations for deflection, smooth-line pipe, spiral-rib pipe, pipe-arch, pipe materials, soil, minimum spacing, end treatment, abrasive or corrosive conditions, construction and installation, and structural plate arches are provided.1.1 This practice is intended for the structural design of corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches, and aluminum structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches for use as culverts and storm sewers and other buried conduits. This practice is for pipe installed in a trench or embankment and subjected to highway, railroad, and aircraft loadings. It must be recognized that a buried corrugated aluminum pipe is a composite structure made up of the aluminum ring and the soil envelope, and both elements play a vital part in the structural design of this type of structure.1.2 Corrugated aluminum pipe and pipe-arches shall be of annular fabrication using riveted seams, or of helical fabrication having a continuous lockseam.1.3 Structural plate pipe, pipe-arches, and arches are fabricated in separate plates that when assembled at the job site by bolting form the required shape.1.4 This practice is applicable to design in inch-pound units as Specification B790 or in SI units as Specification B790M. Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when the design is done in accordance with Specification B790M.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车