定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

2.1 The significance of the variables set forth in this guide was proved by various laboratories using several test systems at test currents ranging from 100 to 35 000 A. These variables will be significant for any case where voltage and current are sufficient to produce arcing.1.1 This guide covers the major variables which affect the rate of arc erosion of electrical contact materials and serves as a guide in developing more detailed specifications for arc-erosion tests.1.2 Arc erosion testing involves some vaporization of material. It is the responsibility of the user to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet for the material being tested.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The judicious selection of a contact material is part of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for the irradiation of prepackaged foods. This guide recognizes the need to evaluate the impact of packaging materials on the safety and quality of foods irradiated to control the proliferation of food-borne pathogens, as well as their impact on foods irradiated for other purposes, such as for phytosanitary treatment, delay of ripening, or shelf-life extension.4.2 As part of the evaluation, the selection process should consider the effects of irradiation on the chemical and physical properties of the contact material.4.3 Packaging is not considered to be a food preservation technique for overcoming any deficiencies attributable to inadequate GMPs during preparation, storage, or treatment of foods to be irradiated. The quality of the irradiated food will depend heavily on its initial quality, control of the irradiation process, storage temperature and handling of the food after irradiation.1.1 This guide provides a format to assist producers in selecting food contact materials that have the desirable characteristics for their intended use and that comply with applicable standards or government authorizations. It outlines parameters that should be considered when selecting food contact materials intended for use during irradiation of prepackaged foods and it examines the criteria for fitness for their use.1.2 This guide identifies known regulations and regulatory frameworks worldwide pertaining to food contact materials for holding foods during irradiation, but it does not address all regulatory issues associated with the selection and use of packaging materials for foods to be irradiated. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to determine the pertinent regulatory issues in each country where foods are to be irradiated and where irradiated foods are distributed.1.3 This guide does not address all of the food safety issues associated with the synergistic effects of irradiation and packaging as food preservation techniques on the extension of shelf life or food quality. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to determine the critical food safety issues and to conduct appropriate product assessment tests to determine the compatibility between the packaging application and irradiation relative to changes in sensory attributes and shelf life.1.4 This guide does not address the use of irradiation as a processing aid for the production or sterilization of food packaging materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM 52628.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 Resistance or voltage values alone do not provide sufficient detail for an engineering evaluation of contact noise. This practice lists the test conditions that should be reported with noise measurements and indicates some conditions (open circuit voltages, currents, etc.) that have been used for quality control and research studies. The use of these practices should provide sufficient detail for an engineering interpretation of the noise data and allow the tests to be repeated by another laboratory.1.1 This practice describes the practices and factors considered to be most important in the measurement of electrical contact noise of sliding contacts.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is based on the use of electrical resistance as an indicator of contact performance.5.2 Existing standards, such as those referenced in Section 2 as representative examples, provide the basis for applied test conditions. Modifications in procedure or sample size, or both, of existing standards may have to be made to provide for resistance measurement and to meet variability index requirements that a user may specify.5.3 This practice accommodates the use of multiple test methods, as may be required to assure satisfactory performance in a given application.1.1 This practice provides a uniform method of specifying performance requirements for (or reporting test results of) electrical contact and connection systems. Both conductor and connector system performance may be specified by this practice, separately or in combination.1.2 This practice may be used for separable or permanent contacts employing metallic conductors and contacts.1.3 This practice provides methods for both signal and power applications.1.4 This practice does not specify the sample preparation or test sequences required for determining contact performance. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to determine the applied test sequence(s) appropriate for the application.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Workers who have the potential to be exposed to molten metal contact shall be permitted to wear protective clothing using materials that have been evaluated for heat transfer using this test method.5.2 This test method rates materials that are intended for primary protective clothing against potential molten substance contact for their thermal insulating properties and their reaction to the test exposure.5.3 The protective performance, as determined by this test method, will relate to the actual end-use performance only to the degree that the end-use exposure is identical to the exposure used in the test method.5.4 Visual inspection of the specimen subjectively notes the material's resistance to molten substance contact.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of materials' thermal resistance to heat transfer when exposed to a molten substance pour.1.1.1 This test method was validated using molten substances of aluminum, brass, and iron. The test shall be permitted to be adapted for use with other substances.1.2 This test method is applicable to materials from which finished primary protective apparel articles are made.1.3 This test method does not measure the flammability of materials, nor is it intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any other thermal exposure.1.4 Use this test method to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to molten substance pour under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual conditions. However, it is acceptable to use results of this test as elements of a thermal risk assessment which takes into account all the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the thermal hazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers silver-copper alloy tubing, rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by cold working, heat treating, annealing, turning, grinding, or pickling as are required to produce the prescribed properties. Material produced under this specification shall meet the requirements for chemical composition of silver, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, lead, nickel, aluminum, and phosphorous. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and hardness shall conform to the prescribed requirements. Materials shall be inspected by visual inspection, temper test, dimensional test, and spectographic or chemical analysis1.1 This specification covers 90 % silver-10 % copper alloy tubing, rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method can be used to determine anti-wear properties and coefficient of friction of greases in order to prevent “fretting” wear under linear oscillation with associated low strokes and high Hertzian contact pressures at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications in which induced, high-speed vibrational motions are present for extended periods of time. It has found application as a screening test for grease lubricants used in ball and roller bearings, roller or ball screw (spindle) drives or side shaft systems (Tripode or Rzeppa type) for example, so-called constant velocity (CV) joints. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the lubricating action of greases in order to prevent “fretting” wear under linear oscillation with associated low strokes and high Hertzian contact pressures under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. By performing additional, nonmandatory extreme-pressure tests in accordance with Test Method D5706, the test grease should be shown to be able to withstand a Hertzian contact pressure of at least 2200 MPa without adhesive failure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice employs the use of normal-incident, or straight beam, longitudinal wave ultrasound for the detection and evaluation of discontinuities in materials requiring volumetric examination.5.2 Although not all requirements of this practice can be applied universally to all inspection situations and materials, it does provide the basis for establishing contractual criteria between suppliers and purchasers of materials for performing contact longitudinal wave pulse-echo examination and may be used as a guide for writing detailed procedures for particular applications.5.3 Types of information that may be obtained from the pulsed-echo straight-beam practice are as follows:5.3.1 Apparent discontinuity size (see Note 1) by comparison of the signal amplitudes from the test piece to the amplitudes obtained from a reference standard.5.3.2 Depth location of discontinuities by calibrating the horizontal scale of the A-scan display.5.3.3 Material properties as indicated by the relative sound attenuation or velocity changes of compared items.5.3.4 The extent of bond and unbond (or fusion and lack of fusion) between two ultrasonic conducting materials if geometry and materials permit.NOTE 1: The term “apparent” is emphasized since true size depends on orientation, composition, and geometry of the discontinuity and equipment limitations.1.1 This practice2 covers ultrasonic examination of materials using the conventional pulse-echo method using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by direct contact of the search unit with the material being examined.1.2 This practice shall be applicable to development of an examination procedure agreed upon by the users of the document.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers flexible, preformed sheet membrane materials to be used as vapor retarders in contact with soil or granular fill under concrete slabs. The specified tests are conducted on new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate potential service conditions. The membranes are classified into 3 classes. The materials shall be subject to tests for water vapor permeance, tensile strength, and puncture resistance. Under special conditions, the material shall also conform to the required flame spread, permeance after soil poison petroleum vehicle exposure, and permeance after exposure to ultraviolet light.1.1 This specification covers flexible, preformed sheet membrane materials to be used as vapor retarders in contact with soil or granular fill under concrete slabs.1.1.1 This specification does not cover bituminous vapor retarders. See Specification E1993/E1993M for information on bituminous vapor retarders.1.2 The specified tests are conducted on new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate potential service conditions.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method shall be used to determine if a chemical intended for use as a non-food contact sanitizer or as a one-step cleaner-sanitizer provides percent reductions of the selected test organisms on treated carriers as compared to control.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of sanitizers on precleaned, inanimate, hard, nonporous, non-food contact surfaces against Staphylococcus aureus, or Klebsiella pneumoniae or Klebsiella aerogenes, or a combination thereof. Appropriate modifications to the method may be required when testing organisms not specified herein. When utilizing test surfaces not described herein (see Test Method E2274) or when evaluating spray-based or towelette-based antimicrobial products, modifications may also be required.1.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of one-step cleaner-sanitizer formulations recommended for use on lightly soiled, inanimate, nonporous, non-food contact surfaces.1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are required and to follow them where appropriate (see section 40 CFR, 160 or as revised.)1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, chemicals and microorganisms and should be performed only by persons who have had formal microbiological training. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The methods for manufacture (proprietary or otherwise) of these materials vary significantly among suppliers, and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.) this guide cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples it is recommended that the user electrically test the materials in a functional manner for all devices applicable to the material’s use. This guide will provide a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of material to be supplied for a specific use and how to provide reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test of sample contacts supplied.1.1 This standard provides guidelines for users and manufacturers of silver-tin oxide material produced in strip, rod, wire, and part form for electrical contact applications.1.2 Silver-tin oxide refers to contact material containing silver, tin oxide, and other metal oxide which may be used for either improving the processing or performance of the material.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated by contact molding for above-ground vertical installation, to contain aggressive chemicals at essentially atmospheric pressure, and made of a commercial-grade polyester or vinyl ester, resin. This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for pressure above hydrostatic, vacuum conditions, except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points. The tanks are classified as type I and II according to the operating pressure or vacuum levels, and the safety factor required for external pressure. The tanks are further classified as grade 1 and 2 according to the generic types of thermoset resin. The resin used shall be a commercial grade, corrosion-resistant thermoset. The reinforcement should be a chopped-strand mat, a nonwoven biaxial or unidirectal fabric, a woven roving, or a surface mat. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of design requirements such as straight shell, external pressure, top head, bottom head, open-top tanks, joints, fittings, hold-down lugs, and lifting lugs; laminate construction requirements such as structural tank, joints, and fittings and accessories; and other requirements such as physical properties, chemical resistance of resin, glass content, tensile strength, flexural properties and degree of cure. The dimensions and tolerances, as well as the workmanship, finish and appearance are also detailed.1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated by contact molding for above-ground vertical installation, to contain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure, and made of a commercial-grade polyester or vinyl ester, resin. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for pressure above atmospheric or under vacuum conditions, except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.4 Special design consideration shall be given to tanks subject to environmental and/or mechanical forces such seismic, wind, ice, agitation, or fluid dynamic forces, to operational service temperatures greater than 180°F (82°C) and to tanks with unsupported bottoms.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车