定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

5.1 The soil permittivity probe is used for the following purposes:5.1.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for bulk measurements of the water mass per unit volume of soil and soil-aggregate which may, in conjunction with an independent bulk density determination, be used in the determination of dry density.5.1.2 The test method is used for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted soil and soil-aggregate mixtures as used in construction and also for research and development. The nondestructive nature allows repetitive measurements at a single test location and statistical analysis of the results.5.1.3 Volumetric Water Content—The fundamental assumptions inherent in the test method are that the dielectric constants value measured by the system in a given test site composed of soil or soil-aggregate are directly correlated to the volumetric water content of the soil or soil-aggregate, and that the material is homogeneous. (See 6, “Interferences.”)NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method describes the procedures for measuring the water mass per unit volume of soil and soil-aggregate by use of an in situ permittivity probe. Measurements are taken at a depth beneath the surface of the soil determined by the design of the probe.1.1.1 For limitations see Section 6 on Interferences.1.2 The permittivity probe is inserted into a hole drilled or punched into the soil being measured. As its name indicates, the probe measures the dielectric permittivity of the soil into which it is placed. Two electrodes, connected to an oscillating circuit, are mounted a predetermined distance apart. These electrodes act as the plates of a capacitor, with the soil between the plates forming the capacitor dielectric.1.2.1 The probe circuit creates an oscillating electric field in the soil. Changes in the dielectric permittivity of the soil are indicated by changes in the circuit’s operating frequency. Since water has a much higher dielectric constant (80) than the surrounding soil (typically around 4), the water content can be related by a mathematical function to the change in dielectric permittivity, and, consequently, the changes in the circuit’s operating frequency.1.2.2 The construction, deployment, and operating principle of the device described in this test method differ from other methods that measure the dielectric constant, bulk electrical conductivity, complex impedance, or electromagnetic impedance (see Test Methods D6780/D6780M, D7698, and D7830/D7830M) of the soil and relate the results to water mass per unit volume and/or water content.1.2.3 The water content of the soil measured by the permittivity probe is the volumetric water content, expressed as the ratio of the volume of water to the total volume occupied by the soil. This quantity is often converted, and displayed, by the probe in units of mass of water per volume of soil, or water mass per unit volume. This conversion is performed by multiplying the water content (in volume of water per volume of soil) by the density of water.1.3 Water content most prevalent in engineering and construction activities is known as the gravimetric water content, ω, and is the ratio of the mass of the water in pore spaces to the total mass of solids, expressed as a percentage. To determine this quantity, the bulk density of the soil under measurement must also be determined.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting the test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.5.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.5.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Determination of the percentage of KEE compound in sheet roofing is of concern to many specifiers and building owners. Method A, the faster method, is best used for quality control. Method B may apply better to research and development or investigative work.1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the relative contents of ketone-ethylene-ester (KEE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) after their extraction from reinforced roofing membranes or fabrics. Based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the method allows for the quantification of PVC with respect to an internal standard. The KEE content is then obtained by difference. The test method is not applicable to membranes or blends that contain high molecular weight polymers other than PVC and KEE.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of unsaponifiable impurities in tricresyl phosphate. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7. 1.3 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This guide is intended to encourage consistency and thoroughness in the reporting of geostatistical site investigations by describing the basic information required in a complete report.5.2 Referring to the table of contents suggested in Table 1, this guide may be used as a template by those preparing reports or as a checklist for review and auditing purposes by qualified nonparticipants in the study.1.1 This guide covers the contents required for a complete report of a geostatistical site investigation. A complete report is understood here to be one that contains all the information necessary to the understanding and evaluation of the geostatistical site investigation by other geostatisticians.1.2 This guide does not discuss the reporting of supplementary information that may assist evaluation of the report.1.3 While geostatistical methods are used in many fields, this guide is primarily intended for the reporting of environmental and geotechnical applications.1.4 The basic geostatistical methods referred to in this guide are fully described in texts by David (1),2 Journel and Huijbregts (2), Clark (3), and Isaaks and Srivastava (4). Olea (5) gives a thorough compilation of geostatistical terminology as well as (6) a practical description of the subject for engineers and earth scientists. Chiles (7) and Goovaerts (8) provide material on how to deal with spatial uncertainty and how to use geostatistics for the evaluation of natural resources.1.5 This guide does not discuss the reporting of multivariate, space-time, and other less-frequently used geostatistical methods; however this is not intended to reflect any judgment as to the validity of these methods.1.6 Geostatistics is but one approach that can be used to understand and describe site conditions. Investigations should incorporate whatever supplementary knowledge of the site that may be available from other sources. As with classical statistical approaches, geostatistics is not intended to establish cause-and-effect relationships.1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Aromatic content is a key characteristic of hydrocarbon oils and can affect a variety of properties of the oil including its boiling range, viscosity, stability, and compatibility of the oil with polymers.5.2 Existing methods for estimating aromatic contents use physical measurements, such as refractive index, density, and number average molecular weight (see Test Method D3238) or infrared absorbance4 and often depend on the availability of suitable standards. These NMR procedures do not require standards of known aromatic hydrogen or aromatic carbon contents and are applicable to a wide range of hydrocarbon oils that are completely soluble in chloroform at ambient temperature.5.3 The aromatic hydrogen and aromatic carbon contents determined by this test method can be used to evaluate changes in aromatic contents of hydrocarbon oils due to changes in processing conditions and to develop processing models in which the aromatic content of the hydrocarbon oil is a key processing indicator.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the aromatic hydrogen content (Procedures A and B) and aromatic carbon content (Procedure C) of hydrocarbon oils using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. Applicable samples include kerosenes, gas oils, mineral oils, lubricating oils, coal liquids, and other distillates that are completely soluble in chloroform at ambient temperature. For pulse Fourier transform (FT) spectrometers, the detection limit is typically 0.1 mol % aromatic hydrogen atoms and 0.5 mol % aromatic carbon atoms. For continuous wave (CW) spectrometers, which are suitable for measuring aromatic hydrogen contents only, the detection limit is considerably higher and typically 0.5 mol % aromatic hydrogen atoms.1.2 The reported units are mole percent aromatic hydrogen atoms and mole percent aromatic carbon atoms.1.3 This test method is not applicable to samples containing more than 1 mass % olefinic or phenolic compounds.1.4 This test method does not cover the determination of the percentage mass of aromatic compounds in oils since NMR signals from both saturated hydrocarbons and aliphatic substituents on aromatic ring compounds appear in the same chemical shift region. For the determination of mass or volume percent aromatics in hydrocarbon oils, chromatographic, or mass spectrometry methods can be used.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.2 and 7.3.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Use of this standard practice yields an equivalent boron content (EBC) that can be used to characterize the neutron-absorbing properties of a nuclear material. The elements included in the calculation are typically chosen so that the EBC represents either the entire material (for example, for a moderator) or the impurities in the material (for example, for a nuclear fuel). This practice is typically used for materials in which thermal neutron absorption is undesirable. The EBC is not intended for use as an input to any neutronic calculation. The EBC factors in Table 1 were selected to represent neutron absorption in water reactors under normal operating conditions. It is the responsibility of the user to evaluate their suitability for other purposes.(A) Neutron Cross Sections , Vol 1, Parts A and B, Academic Press, New York, 1981 and 1984, respectively.(B) Holden, N. E., and Martin, R. L., Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol 56, p. 653, 1984.(C) When present in small concentrations, this element should be excluded from determinations of the total EBC.(D) In the absence of other data, the neutron capture cross section for a Maxwellian flux is used.(E) Cross section is primarily due to a single isotope, whose isotopic abundance is variable in nature. The value can vary between 733 and 779 barns depending upon the source. See Holden, N. E., Neutron Capture Cross Section Standards for BNL-325, Fourth Ed., BNL-NCS-51388, January 1981.(F) Cross section is primarily due to a single isotope, whose isotopic abundance is variable in nature. The value can vary between 69 and 72 barns depending upon the source. See Holden, N. E., Neutron Capture Cross Section Standards for BNL-325, Fourth Ed., BNL-NCS-51388, January 1981.AbstractThis practice details the recommended method for calculating the equivalent boron content (EBC) values of nuclear elements and materials that are of potential significance as thermal neutron poisons. EBC factors are determined from the atomic weight of elements and the thermal neutron absorption cross section in barns. These may be used depending upon the actual neutron energy characteristics of the applicable reactor system. The elements aluminum, fluorine, rubidium, barium, lead, silicon, beryllium, neon, tin, bismuth, oxygen, zirconium, carbon, magnesium, cerium, and phosphorus are not required to be included in the EBC calculations as their contribution to the total poison effect is not considerably significant.1.1 This standard details a recommended practice for the calculation of the Equivalent Boron Content (EBC) for nuclear materials. The EBC is used to provide a measure of the macroscopic neutron absorption cross section of a nuclear material. EBC factors for the natural elements are determined from their atomic masses and thermal neutron absorption cross sections. This practice is illustrated by using EBC factors that are based on thermal neutron (2200 m/s) absorption cross sections. Other EBC factors may be used depending upon the actual neutron energy spectrum.1.2 The EBC is a characteristic of a homogeneous material. Characterization of inhomogeneous materials and calculation of neutron multiplication factors require techniques that are beyond the scope of this practice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide is intended for use by developers of RMs and CRMs for the metals and mining industries.5.2 The guidance is related to uniform procedures and requirements and is intended to prevent the proliferation of widely varying documentation practices, definitions, and terminology. Where the statements in this guide are made as imperatives, it is because the stated practices are fundamental to chemical metrology, not to CRM/RM development.5.3 The material in this guide is intended to supplement and to clarify the contents of ISO Guide 31 and to provide guidance specific to the needs of the metals and mining industries.5.4 The documents described in this guide are intended to contain the minimum amount of information required for a user to understand the material, to help a user judge the quality of the product, and to help a user employ it in appropriate ways. Neither this guide nor resultant documents are meant to be encyclopedic.5.5 Because this document is a standard guide, it is intended to educate those who are involved in laboratory operation, quality system development and maintenance, reference material development, and accreditation of laboratory operations within the scope of a quality system. It must be understood by all parties that the elements of this guide discuss optional practices having numerous choices for accomplishment and documentation. However, this guide does not constitute requirements for assessment and accreditation. An obvious example is statistical evaluation for consensus value and uncertainty calculations, which can take many forms with no single, correct choice for any given case.5.6 When using this guide, CRM developers will set goals for the material under development, such as target uncertainties for homogeneity and for overall coverage intervals for assigned values. These choices are based on the intended uses of a CRM. The material, property values, and their uncertainties may or may not meet the set goals. These decisions are made using expert judgement, and there are no exact right or wrong, passing or failing outcomes that should be imposed by outside authorities. The quality of a CRM or RM will be judged by the prospective user, who needs it to use with their measurement process.5.6.1 An example of a requirement a CRM user may have is whether the uncertainty of a certified value is fit for the purpose of using the value as a calibration point. CRM users and producers can obtain information from standard test methods or from laboratories doing relevant analyses.5.6.2 Although the ISO Committee on Reference Materials (ISO TC334) has designated all CRMs and other forms of RMs as being named reference materials, this guide uses the convention the certified reference materials are called CRMs and reference materials having no certified values are named RMs. This practice is consistent with Guide E2972.1.1 This guide is designed to explain and to clarify documentation that accompanies an RM or a certified reference material (CRM). It explains the contents of certificates of analysis for CRMs and product information documents for RMs, based on existing international standards and guides. It briefly touches on the minimum requirements for a label attached to the CRM/RM unit or unit container and to the package containing the unit or unit container.1.2 This guide provides some basic guidance on calculation of consensus values and uncertainty estimates for CRMs and RMs with examples of approaches commonly used by national metrology institutes and suggestions for sources of information.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, whenever applicable. Values can be traceable to other higher-order reference systems, including Rockwell Hardness, pH, and other systems defined by an international standard or peer-reviewed publication.1.4 Contents—Sections and topics within this guide are enumerated below:Section Title1 2 Referenced Documents3 Terminology4 Summary of Guide5 6 Contents of a Certificate of Analysis or Reference Material Documentation7 Labels8 Technical and Statistical Evaluations9 Procedures for Consensus Value Calculations10 Estimation of Uncertainty11 Reporting Values and Uncertainty Estimates12 International System of Units13 KeywordsAppendix X1 Working Near ZeroAppendix X2 Working Near 100 %Appendix X3 Censored ValuesAppendix X4 Examples of Language for Sections of a Certificate of Analysis1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

3.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books.3.2 A Position Task Book lists all of the observable activities which must be performed to demonstrate the ability to successfully fill a position or operational level.3.2.1 Each activity, or Task, partly or fully demonstrates the existence in an individual of a specific Behavior.3.2.2 One or more of these Behaviors signifies that the individual is capable of a particular Competency.3.2.3 One or more defined Competencies are required for each position or operational level.3.3 Each Position Task Book used to document the suitability of an individual to perform in a particular position or operational level shall meet the requirements of this guide.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) from adding additional content to a Position Task Book.3.5 This document may be used by an AHJ to develop Position Task Books.1.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books in a “competency-based qualification system.”1.2 Each Position Task Book lists the competencies, behaviors, and tasks required for successful performance in a position or operational level.1.3 Position Task Books provide a standard form for documenting the knowledge, skills, and abilities of an individual by observation of that individual’s performance of tasks in a position or at a particular operational level. When all tasks in the PTB are successfully completed, the evaluated individual is considered qualified and eligible for assignment in that position or at that operational level.1.4 This guide only defines the use of Position Tasks Books and the content required for successful application. It does not define the requirements for any position or operational level.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 468 元 加购物车

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 468 元 加购物车