5.1 The jet cup attrition test will provide an estimate of the relative attrition resistance of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, catalyst additives, and catalytic materials.5.2 The test is designed to simulate the attrition a catalyst or additive undergoes in a fluid catalytic cracking unit but at an accelerated rate.5.3 The data from this test can be used to rank catalyst according to attrition rate.5.4 The test requires a relatively small sample size of 5 g [0.175 oz] and a relatively short analysis time of 40 min. This test should be useful to quality control facilities that require fast turnaround time and research and development (R&D) facilities that have limited sample material.1.1 The jet cup attrition test is applicable to fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, catalyst additives, and catalytic materials.1.2 Applications for other powdered catalysts have been reported in the literature. The round robin test samples included two FCC catalysts and one powdered alumina.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of package and application viscosities of a number of paints and other coatings and in the thinning of these materials, but is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids.5.2 There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that produce more accurate results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D2196 should be used.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 This test method enables the measurement of the volume of the apparent density cup to ensure that it complies with the specified volume of 25.00 cm3 ± 0.03 cm3 (cylindrical cup), or 16.39 cm3 ± 0.05 cm3 (square cup). Use of an out-of-specification cup will give erroneous apparent density values using the formulae in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the volume of the apparent density cups used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417.1.2 The apparent density cup, particularly its rim, may become worn during use, and it is recommended that the volume of the cup be checked periodically (at least every 6 months) in order to ensure that it complies with the specified volume.1.3 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 Flash point measures the response of the test specimen to heat and ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.5.4 These test methods use a smaller sample (2 mL to 4 mL) and a shorter test time (1 min to 2 min) than traditional test methods.5.5 Method A, IP 524 and EN ISO 3680 are similar methods for flash no-flash tests. Method B, IP 523 and EN ISO 3679 are similar methods for flash point determination.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for flash point tests, within the range of –30 °C to 300 °C, of petroleum products and biodiesel liquid fuels, using a small scale closed cup tester. The procedures may be used to determine, whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash/no flash Method A) or the flash point of a sample (Method B). When used in conjunction with an electronic thermal flash detector, these test methods are also suitable for flash point tests on biodiesels such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See also the Material Safety Data Sheets for the product being tested.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure for rapidly (in 1 h or less) determining the chemical resistance of specimens of protective clothing materials. This test method can be used to rank materials as to their suitability for use with liquids of known or unknown composition.5.2 The breakthrough detection time, permeation rate, or cumulative permeation can be used to identify protective clothing materials that are more likely to limit potential exposures to chemicals. Longer breakthrough detection times and lower cumulative amounts permeated and permeation rates are characteristics of materials that are better barriers to the test chemical.5.3 In general this test method is less sensitive than Test Method F739 coupled with sensitive analytical procedures. In cases where the chemical of concern is highly toxic and contact of even a very small amount with the skin may be detrimental to health, the permeation cup method is not recommended. Use Test Method F739.5.4 Upon permeating the clothing material, the chemical must evaporate in order for a weight loss to occur and permeation to be detected. Consequently, the test method may not be applicable for chemicals having low volatility (that is, vapor pressure). The vapor pressure below which this test method is not applicable has not been determined.5.4.1 A procedure for assessing volatility is described in Section 10.5.5 The results of this test method are highly dependent on the test temperature. If the objective is to compare different clothing materials, all tests shall be conducted at the same temperature (±3 °C).1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with a liquid.1.1.1 Procedure A—For use when a value for the cumulative amount of chemical permeated in 1 h is desired.1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection time and permeation rate values are desired.1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test chemical on the clothing material can be determined by comparing the weight or other physical properties of the specimen before and after the permeation test.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 Flash point and fire point of a liquid are physical properties that may be used to define their flammability hazards. The flash point may be used to classify materials in government regulations.1.1 This test method covers the determination by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of the flash point and fire point of liquids having flash points between −18 and 165°C (0 and 325°F) and fire points up to 325°F.1.2 This test method, when applied to paints and resin solutions that tend to skin over or that are very viscous, gives less reproducible results than when applied to solvents.NOTE 1: In order to conserve time and sample, the fire point of a material may be determined by the Tag Open-Cup Method by continuing the heating of the specimen to its fire point. Fire points may also be determined by Test Method D92, which should be used for fire points beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website, http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm, for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 This procedure is intended to be used to evaluate the ignitability of liquid wastes.5.2 Flash point measures the response of the subsample to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that shall be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a liquid waste material.5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.5.4 This test method uses a small sample volume (2 mL) and short test time (1 min).1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a flash point test, within the range of –20 to 70 °C, of liquid wastes using a small-scale closed cup tester.NOTE 1: Some apparatus are not designed for subambient temperature tests, so the testing range would be between 20 °C and 70 °C.NOTE 2: This test method is not applicable for liquid waste that forms a surface film (see Test Method D8175 for Finite Flash Point Determination of Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester).1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard measures the ignitability properties of liquid wastes (which may be any discarded material), which may include secondary materials, off-specification products, and materials containing free liquids recovered during emergency response actions. Results from this test method may be used as part of a fire risk assessment of the material, but it is the responsibility of the user to perform any additional characterization needed for determination of storage, transport, treatment, or disposal per current regulations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See applicable Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for information about certified reference materials (CRMs) or secondary working standards (SWSs) that may be used in this test method. SDS may also be useful if some components of the waste sample are known.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 This procedure is intended to be used to evaluate the ignitability of liquid wastes.5.2 Flash point measures the response of the subsample to applied heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a liquid waste material.5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a finite flash point test, within the range of 20 to 70 °C, of liquid wastes using a manual or automated Pensky-Martens closed cup tester.1.2 This test method contains two procedures and is applicable to liquid waste, liquid phase(s) of multi-phase waste, liquid waste with suspended solids, or liquid waste that tends to form a surface film under test conditions.NOTE 1: If the liquid waste is of a viscosity such that the subsample volume will not be uniformly heated under the test conditions even with the increased stir rate of Procedure B, then use the small-scale method (Test Method D8174 for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Small-Scale Closed Cup Tester).1.3 Procedure A is applicable to non-viscous liquids that are without suspended solids. Procedure B is applicable to viscous liquids, liquids with suspended solids, or liquids that form films.NOTE 2: This test method is not applicable for corrosive liquid wastes (see Test Method D8174).1.4 Units—The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. Also see applicable Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for information about certified reference materials (CRMs) or secondary working standards (SWSs) that may be used in the analysis. SDS may also be useful if some components of the waste sample are known.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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