5.1 The bioavailability of chemical elements is poorly related to the chemical composition of soils and plant growth media containing a mineral or any type of adsorbed phase. The chemical potential (pi for element, i,) is an intensity parameter (I), and the sorbed amount in equilibrium with the soil solution is a measure of the quantity (Q). These parameters for each element (essential or toxic) should be measured in the presence of other elements at or near the desired intensity. This test method is the only method that generates these results simultaneously for several elements. The computer software allows these values to be related to the total sorbed quantities of the different elements. For many substrates, it has been found that the theory for the method holds to the degree that vegetation has been established on many non-soil substrates and soil-water-food chain problems have been evaluated by this test method. This test method has been used on many sites in Pennsylvania and other locations to monitor the effect of sewage sludge applications on land as a source of essential elements for plants with no harmful effects on the food chain. It has also been used to evaluate synthetic soils produced from fly-ash alone or as a component of coal refuse for the establishment of vegetation on mine spoils, coal refuse piles, and abandoned mine lands.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of quantity (Q) and intensity (I) results for several elements in soils, spoils, fly-ash, and other soil substitutes to ascertain their suitability for the growth of vegetation and possible adverse effects of metals on the food chain.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-2-101, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use - Part 2-101: Particular requirements for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical equipment, whi

定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy equipment designed to be (a) installed and used in accordance with the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I while connected to supply circuits with nominal system voltages of 750

定价： 1001元 / 折扣价： 851 元

5.1 Magnetic resonance imaging is ideally suited to image MOM hip arthroplasty due to its superior soft tissue contrast, multiplanar capabilities and lack of ionizing radiation. MR imaging is the most accurate imaging modality for the assessment of peri-prosthetic osteolysis and wear-induced synovitis (19, 20).5.2 Before scanning a patient with a specific implant, the MR practitioner shall confirm that the device is MR Conditional and that the scan protocol to be used satisfies the conditions for safe scanning for the specific implant.5.3 This guide can be used to identify the following adverse events.5.3.1 Osteolysis—Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to conventional radiographs and computer tomography (CT) in the assessment of peri-prosthetic osteolysis and has been shown to be the most accurate method to locate and quantify the extent of peri-prosthetic osteolysis (19, 21). On MR imaging, osteolysis appears as well marginated intraosseous intermediate to slightly increased signal intensity lesions that contrast with the high signal intensity of the intramedullary fat. A characteristic line of low signal intensity surrounds the area of focal marrow replacement, distinguishing the appearance of osteolysis from tumoral replacement of bone or infection (22).FIG. 4 Coronal (left) and Axial (right) FSE Images of a Left MOM Hip ArthroplastyNOTE 1: There is focal osteolysis (white arrows) in the greater trochanter, which manifests as well-demarcated intermediate signal intensity, similar to that of skeletal muscle, replacing the normal high signal intensity fatty marrow. Images courtesy of Dr. Hollis Potter.5.3.2 Component Loosening—While the data are preliminary, MR imaging can identify circumferential bone resorption that may indicate component loosening. Loosening may result from osteolysis, circumferential fibrous membrane formation or poor osseous integration of a non-cemented component. On MR imaging, component loosening typically manifests as circumferential increased signal intensity at the metallic-bone or cement-bone interface on fat-suppressed techniques (20). The finding of circumferential fibrous membrane formation or osteolysis also indicates potential loosening; this is in contrast to a well-fixed component, with high signal intensity fatty marrow directly opposed to the implant interface.5.3.3 Wear-Induced Synovitis—Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful imaging modality to assess the intracapsular burden of wear-induced synovitis surrounding MOM arthroplasty (23). Preliminary data indicate that the signal characteristics of the synovial response on MR imaging correlate with the type of wear-induced synovitis demonstrated on histology at revision surgery (24). Low signal intensity debris is suggestive of metallic debris on histology. Mixed intermediate and low signal debris correlate with the presence of mixed polymeric (polyethylene and/or polymethyl methacrylate) and metallic debris at histology. Magnetic resonance imaging can demonstrate decompression of synovitis or fluid into adjacent bursae, such as the iliopsoas or trochanteric bursa, which can present as soft tissue masses or with secondary nerve compression. On occasion, wear-induced synovitis can result in a chronic indolent pattern of erosion of the surrounding bone, even in the absence of focal osteolytic lesions (6).FIG. 5 Axial (left) and Coronal (right) FSE Images of a Left MOM Hip ArthroplastyNOTE 1: Wear-induced synovitis decompresses into the abductor musculature where there is low signal intensity debris (arrow), consistent with metallic debris. Images courtesy of Dr. Hollis Potter.5.3.4 Infection—In the setting of infection, the synovium often demonstrates a hyperintense, lamellated appearance with adjacent extracapsular soft tissue edema. These appearances help to distinguish the synovial pattern of infection from wear-induced synovitis, although aspiration is still required for definitive diagnosis (22). The presence of a soft tissue collection, draining sinus or osteomyelitis further supports the diagnosis of infection on MR imaging.FIG. 6 Axial FSE (left) and Inversion Recovery (right) Images of a Right MOM Hip AthroplastyNOTE 1: There is a lamellated synovitis (black arrow) with adjacent extracapsular soft tissue edema (white arrow). Infection was confirmed at subsequent aspiration. Images courtesy of Dr. Hollis Potter.5.3.5 Adverse Local Tissue Response—Adverse local tissue reactions can manifest as synovitis, bursitis, osteolysis and cystic or solid masses adjacent to the arthroplasty, which may be termed pseudotumors (19, 20). ALTR can also include the histopathologic feature of aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL), which can be confirmed at histology. A relatively common appearance of joints with ALVAL is expansion of the capsule with homogenous high signal fluid interspersed with intermediate signal intensity foci. More recent studies suggest that maximum synovial thickness and the presence of more solid synovial deposits highly correlate with tissue damage at revision surgery and necrosis at histologic inspection (15).FIG. 7 Axial FSE Image in a Right MOM Hip ArthroplastyNOTE 1: Fig. 7 demonstrates a large collection of fluid in the trochanteric bursa (arrow), which communicates with the hip joint via a dehiscence in the posterior pseudocapsule (not shown in these images). The fluid is high signal with fine intermediate signal intensity debris. A high ALVAL score was confirmed on histology at revision surgery. Images courtesy of Dr. Hollis Potter.FIG. 8 Axial FSE Image in a Right MOM Hip Resurfacing ArthroplastyNOTE 1: Fig. 8 demonstrates expansion of the pseudocapsule with fluid signal intensity decompressing into the trochanteric bursa. The pseudocapsule is thickened and of intermediate signal intensity (black arrows). There is additional solid extracapsular disease anteriorly (white arrow). At revision surgery, a mixed picture of ALVAL and metallosis was seen.5.3.6 Modular Taper Associated ALTR—MRI can accurately describe ALTR attributed to tribocorrosion in modular femoral neck total hip arthroplasty. MRI characteristics, particularly maximal synovial thickness and synovitis volume, can predict histologic severity (22, 23). In addition, intra-capsular ALTR around either resurfacing MOM arthroplasty or around the trunnion in MOM THA may be obscured if 3D-MSI techniques are not utilized due to the susceptibility artifact. High-bandwidth FSE or FSE with view-angle tilt are not sufficient.NOTE 1: Modular taper ALTR may occur in non-metal-on-metal implants as well as in metal-on-metal arthroplasty.1.1 This guide describes the recommended protocol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients implanted with metal-on-metal (MOM) devices to determine if the periprosthetic tissues are likely to be associated with an adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR). Before scanning a patient with a specific implant, the MR practitioner shall confirm that the device is MR Conditional and that the scan protocol to be used satisfies the conditions for safe scanning for the specific implant. This guide assumes that the MRI protocol will be applied to MOM devices while they are implanted inside the body. It is also expected that standardized MRI safety measures will be followed during the performance of this scan protocol.1.2 This guide covers the clinical evaluation of the tissues surrounding MOM hip replacement devices in patients using MRI. This guide is applicable to both total and resurfacing MOM hip systems.1.3 The protocol contained in this guide applies to whole body magnetic resonance equipment, as defined in section 201.3.239 of IEC 60601-2-33, Ed. 3.2, with a whole body radiofrequency (RF) transmit coil as defined in section 201.3.240. The RF coil should have circulary polarized RF excitation (also commonly referred to as quadrature excitation) as defined in section 201.3.249 of IEC 60601-2-33, Ed. 3.2..1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The user may consider all precautions and warnings provided in the MR system and hip implant labeling prior to determining the applicability of these protocols.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 15197, In vitro diagnostic test systems - Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus, which is an adoption without modification of the identicall

定价： 1092元 / 折扣价： 929 元

1 Scope This Collateral Standard applies to medical diagnostic X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to sub-assemblies of such EQUIPMENT. Object The object of this Collateral Standard is to establish general requirements for protection against IONIZING RADIATION in

定价： 1593元 / 折扣价： 1355 元

定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

定价： 1593元 / 折扣价： 1355 元

1 Scope and object This clause of the General Standard applies except as follows: 1.1 Scope Addition: This Particular International Standard applies to LASER EQUIPMENT FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS, as defined in 2.1.111 classified as a CLASS 3B or

定价： 774元 / 折扣价： 658 元

1.1 Scope Addition: This Particular Standard specifies particular safety requirements for ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT as defined in 2.1.145. This standard does not cover ultrasonic therapeutic equipment; however, equipment used for the imaging

定价： 1729元 / 折扣价： 1470 元

Amendment 1:2005 to CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60601-2-37-03, Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-37: Particular requirements for the safety of ultrasonic medical diagnostic and monitoring equipment

定价： 592元 / 折扣价： 504 元

1 Scope and object This clause of the General Standard applies except as follows: 1.1 Scope Replacement: This Particular Standard applies to HIGH-VOLTAGE GENERATORS of medical diagnostic X-RAY GENERATORS and to their subassemblies including th

定价： 683元 / 折扣价： 581 元

定价： 799元 / 折扣价： 712 元 加购物车