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1. Scope This part of ISO 14269 specifies a uniform test method for determining performance levels of operator enclosure panel-type air filters. It is applicable to tractors and self-propelled machines for agriculture and forestry when equipped with an

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4.1 Finite element analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating the performance of metallic stents and in estimating quantities such as stress, strain, and displacement due to applied external loads and boundary conditions. FEA of stents is frequently performed to determine the worst-case size for experimental fatigue (or durability) testing and differentiation of performance between designs. A finite element analysis is especially valuable in determining quantities that cannot be readily measured.1.1 Purpose—This guide establishes recommendations and considerations for the development, verification, validation, and reporting of structural finite element models used in the evaluation of the performance of a metallic vascular stent design undergoing uniform radial loading. This standard guide does not directly apply to non-metallic or absorbable stents, though many aspects of it may be applicable. The purpose of a structural analysis of a stent is to determine quantities such as the displacements, stresses, and strains within a device resulting from external loading, such as crimping or during the catheter loading process, and in-vivo processes, such as expansion and pulsatile loading.1.2 Limitations—The analysis technique discussed in this guide is restricted to structural analysis using the finite element method. This document provides specific guidance for verification and validation (V&V) of finite element (FE) models of vascular stents subjected to uniform radial loading using ASME V&V40 as the basis for developing and executing risk-informed V&V plans.1.2.1 Users of this document are encouraged to read ASME V&V40 for an introduction to risk-informed V&V, and to read ASME V&V10 for further guidance on performing V&V of computational solid mechanics models. This document is not intended to cover all aspects of developing a finite element model of radial deformation of a stent. It is intended for a FE analyst with structural modeling experience.1.2.2 While risk-informed V&V is encouraged, it is not required. Analysts may utilize alternate V&V methods. The methodology employed should be developed by knowledgeable stakeholders with consideration as to the expectations and requirements of internal teams and external bodies that will assess the performance of the stent and the credibility of the model used to make performance predictions.1.2.3 If an alternative V&V method is employed, then Sections 5, 6, 7, and 10 that follow ASME V&V40 guidelines may be viewed as suggestions only. Other portions of the document that refer to question of interest, risk, and context of use may be viewed in the same manner.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Water treatment membrane devices can be used to produce potable water from brackish supplies and seawater as well as to upgrade the quality of industrial water. This standard permits the evaluation of the integrity and performance of membrane elements using visual observations and standard sets of conditions and are for short-term testing (<24 h). This standard can be used to determine changes that may have occurred in the operating characteristics of elements but are not intended to be used for plant design.1.1 This practice covers the inspection, performance testing, autopsy, and analytical work associated with evaluating pressure driven membrane separation elements (microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO)).1.2 This practice is applicable for elements when newly manufactured or at any time during their operation in a water treatment facility. The Analytical section (6.4) covers only membrane surface and foulant analyses.1.3 The data derived from these tests should be evaluated versus newly manufactured elements/bundles or against operating systems when they were initially brought on-stream, or both. Industry norms can also be used for comparative purposes.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for justification of oil test selection for monitoring rolling element ball type bearing conditions in industrial applications. Continuous benchmarking against similar applications is required to ensure lessons learned are continuously implemented.5.2 Selection of oil tests for the purpose of detecting rolling element ball type bearing failure modes requires good understanding of equipment design, operating requirements and surrounding conditions. Specifically, detailed knowledge is required on bearing design configuration, dimensional tolerances, load directions, design limitations, lubrication mechanisms, lubricant characteristics, and metallurgy of lubricated surfaces including bearing cages. Equipment criticality and accessibility as well as application of other monitoring techniques (for example, vibration, ultrasound or thermal images) are also critical information in this analysis process. In addition, detailed knowledge on the lubricating oil is paramount.5.3 To properly apply the FMEA methodology users must understand the changes the system may encounter during all operating modes, their impact on design functions and available monitoring techniques capable of detecting these changes. To assist this approach, Section 6 will provide extensive descriptions on the rolling element ball type bearing failure modes, their causes and effects.5.4 It is recognized that in most industrial applications vibration monitoring is the primary condition monitoring technique applied to detect failure modes, causes and effects in rolling element ball type bearings—while oil analysis is primarily used to monitor the lubricating oil properties. In the recent years, however, there is a trend toward using oil analysis in order to provide earlier detection of some failures of rolling element ball type bearings. This is particularly applicable to complex dynamic systems such as compressors, gearboxes and some gas turbines where obtaining vibration spectra and their analysis may be more difficult.1.1 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure standpoint and includes both the rolling element ball type bearing wear and fluid deterioration in industrial application.1.2 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the condition-based maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by applying analytical methodology to oil analysis program for the purpose of detecting specific failure modes.1.3 This guide reinforces requirements for appropriate assembly, operation within the original design envelope as well as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance.1.4 This guide covers the principles of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 and its relationship to rolling element ball type bearing wear in industrial application and its fluid deterioration.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method describes the design and use of various types of current meters. These current meters are commonly used to measure the velocity at a point in an open channel cross section as part of a velocity-area traverse to determine the flowrate of water. To this end it should be used in conjunction with Test Method D3858.1.1 This test method describes the design and use of cup-type or vane-type vertical axis current meters and propeller-type horizontal axis current meters for measuring water velocities in open channels.1.2 This test method is intended primarily for those meters customarily used in open-channel hydraulic (as distinguished from oceanographic) applications with an operator in attendance.1.3 This test method is intended primarily for current meters that measure one component or filament of flow.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to esta