CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-2-045, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use - Part 2-045: Particular requirements for washer disinfectors used in medical, pharmaceuti

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3.1 This guide describes approaches for using neutron fields with well known characteristics to perform calibrations of neutron sensors, to intercompare different methods of dosimetry, and to corroborate procedures used to derive neutron field information from measurements of neutron sensor response.3.2 This guide discusses only selected standard and reference neutron fields which are appropriate for benchmark testing of light-water reactor dosimetry. The Standard Fields considered here include neutron source environments that closely approximate: a) the unscattered neutron spectra from 252Cf spontaneous fission; and b) the 235U thermal neutron induced fission. These standard fields were chosen for their spectral similarity to the high energy region (E > 2 MeV) of reactor spectra. The various categories of benchmark fields are defined in Terminology E170.3.3 There are other well known neutron fields that have been designed to mockup special environments, such as pressure vessel mockups in which it is possible to make dosimetry measurements inside of the steel volume of the “vessel.” When such mockups are suitably characterized, they are also referred to as benchmark fields. A variety of these engineering benchmark fields have been developed, or pressed into service, to improve the accuracy of neutron dosimetry measurement techniques. These special benchmark experiments are discussed in Guide E2006, and in Refs (1)4 and (2).1.1 This guide covers facilities and procedures for benchmarking neutron measurements and calculations. Particular sections of the guide discuss: the use of well-characterized benchmark neutron fields to calibrate integral neutron sensors; the use of certified-neutron-fluence standards to calibrate radiometric counting equipment or to determine interlaboratory measurement consistency; development of special benchmark fields to test neutron transport calculations; use of well-known fission spectra to benchmark spectrum-averaged cross sections; and the use of benchmarked data and calculations to determine the uncertainties in derived neutron dosimetry results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The primary use of this guide is to provide a standardized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer of digital ultrasonic data from one user to another where the two users are working with dissimilar ultrasonic systems. This guide describes the contents, both required and optional, for an intermediate data file that can be created from the native format of the ultrasonic system on which the data was collected and that can be converted into the native format of the receiving ultrasonic or data analysis system. The development of translator software to accomplish these data format conversions is being addressed under a separate effort; this will include specific items needed for the data transfer, for example, language used, memory requirements and intermediate specification, including detailed data formats and structures. Ths guide will also be useful in the archival storage and retrieval of ultrasonic data as either a data format specifier or as a guide to the data elements that should be included in the archival file.Although the recommended field listing includes more than 120 items, only about one third of those are regarded as essential and marked with Footnote C in Table 1. Fields so marked must be addressed in the data base. The other recommended fields provide additional information that a user will find helpful in understanding the ultrasonic examination result. These header field items will, in most cases, make up only a very small part of an ultrasonic examination file. The actual stream of ultrasonic data that make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base. Since an ultrasonic image file will normally be large, the concept of data compression will be considered in many cases. Compressed data should be noted, along with a description of the compression method, as indicated in Field No. 122.This guide describes the structure of a data file for all of the ultrasonic information collected in a single scan. Some systems record multiple inspection results during a single scan. For example, through transmission attenuation data as well as pulse echo thickness data may be recorded at the same time. These data may be stored in separate image planes; see Field No. 102. In other systems, complete digitized waveforms may be recorded at each inspection point. It is recognized that the complete examination record may contain several files, for example, for the same examination method in different object areas, with or without image processing, for different examination methods (through-transmission, pulse-echo, radiologic, infrared, etc.) collected during the same or during different scan sessions, and for variations within a single method (frequency change, etc.). Information about the existence of other images/examination records for the examined object should be noted in the appropriate fields. A single image plane may be one created by overlaying or processing results for multiple examination approaches, for example data fusion. For such images, the notes sections must clearly state how the image for this file was created.TABLE 1 Field ListingField NumberA Field Name and Description Data Type/UnitsBHeader Information: 1C Intermediate file name Alphanumeric stringD 2C Format revision code Alphanumeric string 3C Format revision date yyyy/mm/ddD 4C Source file name Alphanumeric string 5 Examination file description notes Alphanumeric string 6C Examining company and location Alphanumeric stringD 7C Examination date yyyy/mm/dd 8C Examination time hh:mm:ss 9C Type of examination Alphanumeric stringD 10C Other examinations performed Alphanumeric stringD 11 Operator Name Alphanumeric string 12C Operator identification code Alphanumeric string 13C ASTM, ISO, or other applicable standard inspection specification Alphanumeric string 14 Date of applicable standard yyyy/mm/dd 15C Acceptance criteria Alphanumeric string 16C System of units Alphanumeric stringD 17 Notes Alphanumeric stringExamination System Description: 18 Examination system manufacturer(s) Alphanumeric stringD 19C Examination system model Alphanumeric string 20 Examination system serial number Alphanumeric stringPulser Description: 21 Pulser electronics manufacturer Alphanumeric string 22 Pulser electronics model number Alphanumeric string 23 Pulser type Alphanumeric stringD 24 Pulse repetition frequency Real number, kiloHertz 25 Pulse height Alphanumeric stringD 26 Pulse width Real number, nsec 27 Last calibration date yyyy/mm/dd 28 Notes on pulser section Alphanumeric stringReceiver Description: 29 Receiver electronics manufacturer Alphanumeric string 30 Receiver electronics model Alphanumeric string 31 Receiver electronics response center frequency Real number, MHzD 32 Receiver bandwidth Real number, MHzD 33 Fixed receiver gain Real number, dB 34 User selected receiver gain Real number, dB 35 Last calibration date yyyy/mm/dd Notes on receiver section Alphanumeric stringGate Description: 37 Number of gates Integer 38 Gate type Alphanumeric stringD 39 Gate synchronization Alphanumeric string 40 Gate start delay Alphanumeric string 41 Gate width Alphanumeric string 42 Gate threshold level Alphanumeric string 43 Notes on gate section Alphanumeric stringSearch Unit Description: 44 Transmit search unit manufacturer Alphanumeric string 45 Transmit search unit model Alphanumeric string 46 Transmit search unit serial number Alphanumeric string 47 Transmit search unit element diameter Real number 48 Measured beam diameter of the Transmit search unit at the examination surface Real number 49 Location of measurement of beam diameter of the transmit search unit Alphanumeric stringD 50 Transmit search unit focal length Real numberD 51 Transmit search unit nominal frequency Real number, MHz 52 Transmit search unit response center frequency Real number, MHz 53 Transmit search unit response bandwidth Real number, MHz 54 Transmit search unit cable type Alphanumeric string 55 Transmit search unit cable length Real number 56 Number of values for Transmit search unit digitized waveform IntegerD 57 Transmit search unit waveform values Real number 58 Notes on Transmit search unit waveform Alphanumeric string 59 Transmit search unit coupling technique and medium Alphanumeric string 60 Receive search unit manufacturer Alphanumeric string 61 Receive search unit model number Alphanumeric string 62 Receive search unit serial number Alphanumeric string 63 Receive search unit element diameter Real number 64 Measured beam diameter of the “receive” search unit at the examination surface Real number 65 Location of measurement of beam diameter of the receive search unit Alphanumeric stringD 66 Receive search unit focal length Real numberD 67 Receive search unit nominal frequency Real number, MHz 68 Receive search unit response center frequency Real number, MHz 69 Receive search unit response bandwidth Real number, MHz 70 Receive search unit cable type Alphanumeric string 71 Receive search unit cable length Real number 72 Number of values for “receive” search unit digitized waveform IntegerD 73 Receive search unit waveform values Real number 74 Notes on Receive search unit waveform Alphanumeric string 75 Receive search unit coupling technique and medium Alphanumeric stringExamined Sample Description: 76C Examined sample identification Alphanumeric string 77C Examined sample name Alphanumeric string 78 Examined sample description Alphanumeric string 79C Examined sample material Alphanumeric string 80 Examined sample notes (history, use, etc.) Alphanumeric stringD 81C Number of scan segments for this part Integer 82 Reference sample identification Alphanumeric string 83 Reference sample description Alphanumeric string 84 Reference sample file name/location Alphanumeric string 85 Reference sample notes (use, etc.) Alphanumeric stringDCoordinate System and Scan Description Machine Coordinate System: 86 Machine scan axis Alphanumeric stringD 87 Machine index axis Alphanumeric string 88 Machine third axis Alphanumeric string 89 Reference for machine coordinate system Alphanumeric stringPart Coordinate System: 90 First part axis Alphanumeric stringD 91 Second part axis Alphanumeric string 92 Third part axis Alphanumeric string 93 Reference for part coordinate system Alphanumeric stringObject Target Points: 94C Number of target points Integer 95C Description of target point Alphanumeric string 96C Coordinate of target point in first part axis Real number 97C Coordinate of target point in second part axis Real number 98 Coordinate of target point in third part axis Real numberData Plane: 99 Description of the plane onto which data will be projected Alphanumeric string 100 Coordinate system notes Alphanumeric stringExamination Parameters: 101C Coordinate location number Integer 102C Number of data values per coordinate location IntegerD 103C Minimum value of test data range or resolution IntegerD 104C Maximum value of test data range or resolution IntegerD 105C Engineering units for minimum legal data value Alphanumeric stringD 106C Engineering units for maximum legal data value Alphanumeric stringD 107C Number of bits to which the original data was digitized Integer 108C Type of data scale Alphanumeric stringD 109C Size of data step Real numberD 110C Format of data recording Alphanumeric stringD 111C Number of colors or gray levels used Integer 112C Distribution of colors or gray levels Alphanumeric stringExamination Results: 113C Scan segment number IntegerD 114C Scan segment description Alphanumeric string 115 Scan segment location on part Alphanumeric string 116 Scan segment orientation Alphanumeric string 117C Scan pattern description Alphanumeric string 118 Annotation Alphanumeric stringD 119C Distance between data sample points Real number 120C Interval between data locations in index direction Real number 121 Notes on data intervals Alphanumeric string 122 Notes on data format including notes on any compression techniques used Alphanumeric string 123C Total number of data points IntegerD 124C Actual stream of ultrasonic data Real numbersDA Field numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all those fields in any specific database nor do they imply a requirement that fields be used in this particular order.B Units listed first are SI; secondary units are inch-pound (English); see Field No. 16.C Denotes essential field for computerization of test results.D See Section 5 for further explanation.1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fields that are recommended for inclusion in a digital ultrasonic examination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data. This guide is prepared for use particularly with digital image data obtained from ultrasonic scanning systems. The field listing includes those fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the data base (as indicated by Footnote C in Table 1); these fields, so marked, are regarded as the minimum information necessary for a transfer recipient to understand the data. In addition, other optional fields are listed as a remainder of the types of information that may be useful for additional understanding of the data, or applicable to a limited number of applications.1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place an internal format for the storage and retrieval of ultrasonic examination data. This guide should not impede the use of such formats since it is probable that the necessary fields are already included in such internal data bases, or that the few additions can be made. The numerical listing indicated in this guide is only for convenience; the specific numbers carry no inherent significance and are not a part of the data file.1.3 The types of ultrasonic examination systems that appear useful in relation to this guide include those described in Practices E 114, E 214 and E 1001. Many of the terms used are defined in Terminology E 1013 and E 1316. The search unit parameters used in this guide follow from those used in Guide E 1065.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide a standardized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer of digital radiological data from one user to another where the two users are working with dissimilar systems. This guide describes the contents, both required and optional for an intermediate data file that can be created from the native format of the radiological system on which the data was collected and that can be converted into the native format of the receiving radiological data analysis system. This guide will also be useful in the archival storage and retrieval of radiological data as either a data format specifier or as a guide to the data elements which should be included in the archival file.3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes more than 100 field numbers, only about half of those are regarded as essential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields so marked must be included in the data base. The other fields recommended provide additional information that a user will find helpful in understanding the radiological image and examination result. These header field items will, in most cases, make up only a very small part of a radiological examination file. The actual stream of radiological data that make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base. Since a radiological image file will normally be large, the concept of data compression will be considered in many cases. Compressed data should be noted, along with a description of the compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (see Table 1).(A) Field numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific data base nor imply a requirement that fields used be in this particular order.(B) Units listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).(C) Denotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.(D) Denotes essential field for radiographic examination.(E) Denotes essential field for images with more than 8-bit gray scale.(F) Denotes essential field for radioscopic examination.3.3 This guide provides a data file for a single image. It is recognized that a complete examination record may contain several files for the same examination method in different areas, with or without image processing, for different examination methods, and for variations within a single method (for example, different X-ray energies). This file will permit the examination of a single image and will include information about the existence of other images and records for the examined object. This single image may be one created by overlaying or processing results from multiple examination approaches, for example, data fusion. For such images, the notes sections must clearly state how the image for this file was created.3.4 The Guide E1475 data fields are assigned at the TIFF group with Tag 50983, called Data fields of Guide E1475 using XML as format for the data fields. The tag may be used by any user without restrictions. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). It is used to store all required information of Guide E1475 within one TIFF Tag. Annex A1 provides more information and an example.1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fields that are recommended for inclusion in a digital radiological examination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data. This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields for computerized transfer of digital image files obtained from radiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or other radiological examination systems. The field listing includes those fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the data base: (1) regardless of the radiological examination method (as indicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopic examination (as indicated by Footnote F in Table 1), and (3) for radiographic examination (as indicated by Footnote D in Table 1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a reminder of the types of information that may be useful for additional understanding of the data or applicable to a limited number of applications.1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place an internal format for the storage and retrieval of radiological examination data. This guide should not impede the use of such formats since it is probable that the necessary fields are already included in such internal data bases, or that the few additions can easily be made. The numerical listing and its order indicated in this guide is only for convenience; the specific numbers and their order carry no inherent significance and are not part of the data file.1.3 Current users of Guide E1475 do not have to change their software. First time users should use the XML structure of Table A1.1 for their data.1.4 The types of radiological examination systems that appear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopic systems as described in Guide E1000, Practices E1255, E1411, E2597, E2698 and E2737, and radiographic systems as described in Guide E94 and Practices E748, E1742, E2033, E2445, and E2446. Many of the terms used are defined in Terminology E1316.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides an easy, accurate, and reproducible method for determination of shielding factors (attenuation ratios) in simple alternating magnetic fields.5.2 Since the sensing or pickup coil is of finite size, the measured shielding factor tends to be the average value for the space enclosed by the coil. Due care is required when interpreting results when the coil is located near an opening in the shield.5.3 This test method is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, quality assurance, and research purposes on magnetic shields.5.4 Provided geometrically identical shields are compared, this test method is also suitable for evaluation and grading of magnetic shielding materials.1.1 This test method covers the means for determining the performance quality of a magnetic shield when placed in a magnetic field of alternating polarity.1.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating and grading magnetic shielding materials to determine their suitability for use in the production of magnetic shields.1.3 This test method shall be used in conjunction with and shall conform to the requirements of Practice A34/A34M.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 A dense, uniform stand of turfgrass on a playing surface improves the playing quality and safety of the field by providing firm footing for the athletes and by cushioning their impact from falls, tackles or slides. These standards are the minimum inputs required to provide such a surface. Various published guides have been used in the development of this standard (1-8).34.2 Field conditions may directly influence the frequency and type of athletic injuries occurring as a result of using the fields. While these standards do not guarantee that such injuries will be prevented, a well maintained turf on a natural playing surface should minimize field-related injuries.1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for maintaining warm-season turfgrasses used for natural surface athletic fields. Practices covered include mowing, fertilization, irrigation, core cultivation, winter overseeding, pest management, and requirements for management of dormant turf winter overseeded with cool-season turf (see also Guide F2060).1.2 The decisions involved in maintaining a quality natural playing surface should consider soil types, local climate and other factors. Therefore, it is recommended that you contact your local cooperative extension service for more specific information on soils, and grass species and cultivars adapted to your area.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Warning tracks are playing surfaces located on the margins of the playing area for the purpose of providing a warning to the player that he or she is approaching a hazard (commonly a fence) or out-of-bounds area. In order to provide for an effective warning track surface, the warning track must be constructed and maintained in such a manner so that the player can sense the change in texture from the regular playing surface and the warning track without having to look. This feature is very important in that the player is often visually focused on the ball during play and would not be looking at the ground as he/she is running toward the warning track. The warning track must also be constructed and maintained in such a manner that the warning track itself, or the surface transition, does not pose a hazard to the players.4.2 The warning track areas of sports fields should provide a uniform surface with good footing. The change in surface texture of the warning track from the surrounding playing surface must be of enough contrast such that the player can sense the change without looking. Most often, warning track surfaces are devoid of turf or other vegetation. However, turfed warning track areas may be used in instances where such purpose is to “warn” the player of an impending hazard where the primary playing surface is a skinned area. This may be the case in softball where the entire infield playing surface is a skinned area and a turfed warning track is used along the first base and third base fencelines. Undulations, rough surface, hard or soft surface, weeds, stones, debris, wets spots, etc. detract from a good, safe warning track. The safety and effectiveness of the warning track is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures and this guide addresses those procedures.4.2.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as the physical and chemical properties of materials used in the area, freedom from stones, sticks, and other debris, and surface drainage and internal drainage. Consideration should also be given to the surface elevation such that a drastic change is not produced by the transition from the playing surface to the warning track area which may create a tripping or falling hazard.4.2.2 Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include edging, dragging, rolling, watering, vegetation control, and removal of stones and debris that may adversely affect play and safety.4.3 Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of baseball and softball fields, or play areas where the need for a warning track area has been identified, will benefit from this guide.1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of warning track areas on sports fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, such as soil and sand for use in constructing or reconditioning warning track areas and for selection of management practices that will maintain a safe and functioning warning track. Although this guide has applications to all sports where a warning track surface may be required or desired, it has specific applications to baseball/softball.1.2 This guide does not address synthetic warning tracks such as rubberized surfaces, artificial turf, or paved surfaces.1.3 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by local soil types, climatic factors, level of play, budget, and training/ability of management personnel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification provides recommended minimum requirements for various types of fences used in softball and baseball ballfields and other sports facilities, and practices for installation.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The intended use of this practice is for chain link fencing of varying heights and designs to be used to enclose a sports field, sport court or recreation facility including the internal fencing required for safety, separation of activities, security, crowd control, access and egress or other requirements.Consideration should be given to fence offset distances from the activity field to provide a safety area for the participants and viewers.This practice is not intended for applications where fencing higher than 12 ft (3660 mm) is desired by the owner.Follow Guide F 1553 format to specify the chain link fence material and installation.Warning Regarding Windscreens and Added Fence Padding—If windscreens or padding are to be installed at the time of fence erection or at a later time, it is advisable to use stronger framework, closer post spacing or back bracing of posts depending on the type of screening material to be used, area of the fence covered and the local wind and weather conditions. Post size and spacing based on wind load can be calculated using the Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute’(CLFMI) Guide WL 2445.1.1 This practice is designed to be used for developing the chain-link fence, design, layout and installation for sports and recreation facilities such as sports fields, sports courts, waterfront areas, docks and marinas and other specific facilities.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1 Scope Interest in magnetic fields has been stimulated in recent years by concern over the physiological effects they may have on humans and animals and the deleterious effects they have on the performance of some electrical equipment, particularly vi

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定价： 2002元 / 折扣价： 1702 元

5.1 In-plant Oil Analysis—The particular five-part integrated tester practice is primarily used by plant maintenance personnel desiring to perform on-site analysis of as-received and in-service lubricating oils.5.2 Detect Common Lubrication Problems—The software application interprets data from integration of multiple sensing technologies to detect common lubrication problems from inadvertent mixing of dissimilar lubricant viscosity grades and from particulate or moisture contamination. The redundant views of ferrous particulates (sensor 2), all particulates larger than 4 μm (sensor 3), and all solid particulates larger than filter patch pore size (patch maker) provides screening for oil wetted mechanical system failure mechanisms from incipient to catastrophic stages.5.3 Supported by Off-Site Lab Analysis—The particular five-part integrated tester is normally used in conjunction with an off-site laboratory when exploring the particular nature of an alarming oil sample. An off-site laboratory should be consulted for appropriate additional tests.1.1 This practice covers procedures for analysis of in-service lubricant samples using a particular five-part (dielectric permittivity, time-resolved dielectric permittivity with switching magnetic fields, laser particle counter, microscopic debris analysis, and orbital viscometer) integrated tester to assess machine wear, lubrication system contamination, and lubricant dielectric permittivity and viscosity. Analyzed results trigger recommended follow-on actions which might include conducting more precise standard measurements at a laboratory. Wear status, contamination status, and lubricant dielectric permittivity and viscosity status are derived quantitatively from multiple parameters measured.1.2 This practice is suitable for testing incoming and in-service lubricating oils in viscosity grades 32 mm2/s at 40 °C to 680 mm2/s at 40 °C having petroleum or synthetic base stock. This practice is intended to be used for testing in-service lubricant samples collected from pumps, electric motors, compressors, turbines, engines, transmissions, gearboxes, crushers, pulverizers, presses, hydraulics and similar machinery applications. This practice addresses operation and standardization to ensure repeatable results.1.3 This practice is not intended for use with crude oils.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 A dense, uniform stand of turfgrass on a playing surface improves the playing quality and safety of the field by providing firm footing for the athletes and by cushioning their impact from falls or tackles. These standards are the minimum inputs required to provide such a surface. Various published guides have been used in the development of this guide (1-5).23.2 Field conditions may directly influence the frequency and type of athletic injuries occurring as a result of using the fields. While these standards do not guarantee that such injuries will be prevented, a well-maintained turf on a natural playing surface should minimize field-related injuries.1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for maintaining cool season turfgrasses used for natural surface athletic fields. Practices covered include mowing, fertilization, irrigation, core cultivation, overseeding, and pest management.1.2 The decisions involved in maintaining a quality natural playing surface should consider soil types, local climate and other factors; therefore, it is recommended that you contact your local cooperative extension service for more specific information on soils, and grass species and cultivars adapted to your area.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 A dense, uniform, smooth, and vigorously growing natural turfgrass sports field provides the ideal and preferred playing surface for most outdoor field sports. Such a surface is pleasing to the spectators and athletes. A thick, consistent, and smooth grass cover also increases playing quality and safety by providing stable footing for the athletes, cushioning their impact from falls, slides, or tackles, and cools the playing surface during hot weather. Sand is commonly used to construct high performance sports turf rootzone systems. Sand is chosen as the primary construction material for two basic properties, compaction resistance and improved drainage/aeration state. Sands are more resistant to compaction than finer soil materials when played upon within a wide range of soil moisture conditions. A loamy soil that may provide a more stable surface and enhanced growing media compared to sand under optimal or normal conditions will quickly compact and deteriorate in condition if used in periods of excessive soil moisture, such as during or following a rainy season. A properly constructed sand-based rootzone, on the other hand, will resist compaction even during wet periods. Once compacted, sands are easier to decompact with the use of mechanical aeration equipment. Even when compacted, sands will retain an enhanced drainage and aeration state compared to native soil rootzones under the same level of traffic. As such, sand-based rootzones are more conducive to providing an all-weather type of playing surface. Properties of both the soil and grass plants must be considered in planning, constructing, and maintaining a high quality sports turf installation. Turfgrass utilized must be adapted to the local growing conditions and be capable of forming a thick, dense, turf cover at the desired mowing height. Unvegetated sand in and of itself is not inherently stable; therefore, it is imperative that grasses with superior wear tolerance and superior recuperative potential are utilized to withstand heavy foot traffic and intense shear forces. Sand does, however, have incredible load bearing capacity and if a dense, uniform turf cover is maintained, the sand-based system can provide a very stable, firm, smooth, and uniform playing surface. A successful sand-based rootzone system is dependent upon the proper selection of materials to use in the project. The proper selection of sand, organic amendment, soil and gravel is of vital concern to the performance of the system and this guide addresses these issues.4.1.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as the physical and chemical properties of materials used in the area, freedom from stones and other debris, and surface and internal drainage.4.1.2 Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include mowing, irrigation, fertilization, and mechanical aeration and are factors addressed in other standards (see Guides F2060 and F2269).4.2 Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of natural turf athletic fields for high-performance, all-weather purposes will benefit from this guide.4.3 A successful project development depends upon proper planning and upon the selection of and cooperation among design and construction team members. A high-performance, sand-based rootzone project design team should include a project designer, an agronomist or soil scientist, or both, and an owner’s representative. Additions to the team during the construction phase should include an owner’s project manager (often an expansion of role for the owner’s representative), an owner’s quality control agent (often the personnel that is employed in advance with the intent of becoming the finished project’s sports field manager), an owner’s testing agent (often an expansion of roles for the project’s agronomist/soil scientist), and the contractor.4.3.1 Planning for projects must be conducted well in advance of the intended construction date. This often requires numerous meetings to create a calendar of events, schedule, approvals, assessments, performance criteria, material sourcing, geotechnical reports, and construction budgets.NOTE 2: Other specifications on soils for athletic field construction have been published and have been considered during the development of this guide.AbstractThis guide provides selection criteria for deciding the appropriate techniques and materials, including soil, sand, gravel, peat, and so forth, needed in the design, construction, and maintenance of high performance sand-based turf rootzones for sports fields. The factors taken into account here that influence such decisions are existing soil types, climatic factors, level of play, intensity and frequency of use, equipment available, budget and training, and the ability of management personnel.1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction of high performance sand-based rootzones for sports fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, including soil, sand, gravel, peat, and so forth, for use in designing and constructing sand-based sports turf rootzones.1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic factors, level of play, intensity and frequency of use, equipment available, budget and training, and the ability of management personnel.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1 Scope This section of International Standard IEC 1000-4 relates to the conducted immunity requirements of electrical and electronic equipment to electromagnetic disturbances coming from intended radio-frequency (RF) transmitters in the frequency ran

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