5.1 The viscosity of paint, inks and many related liquid materials is dependent on temperature. It is useful to know the extent of this dependence. One use of such information is to prepare a viscosity-temperature table or curve. Then, if ambient conditions do not allow the measurement of viscosity at the exact temperature stated in a specification or regulation, the viscosity measured at ambient temperature can be used to determine the viscosity at the temperature of interest through the use of the previously prepared table or curve. Viscosity measurements that cover a range of shear rates as well as temperatures could include shear rates associated with paint application or allow extrapolation to such shear rates. This information would enable a producer or user to estimate the effect on application of heating the paint.1.1 These test methods cover the use of rotational viscometers to determine the dependence of apparent viscosity of paints, inks and related liquid materials on temperature. The first method uses a standard rotational viscometer with concentric cylinder geometry running at a fixed rotational speed as the temperature is increased or decreased. The second method uses a rotational viscometer with cone and plate geometry running at a fixed rotational speed as the temperature is increased or decreased. The third method uses concentric cylinder or cone/plate geometry operated with a shear rate ramp at several discrete temperatures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 As part of the VE/VA study, perform function analysis after the collection of relevant information and prior to the identification of alternatives.5.2 This practice provides a specific understanding of what must be accomplished and provides the basis for stimulating the creative phase of the value methodology. This is accomplished by naming and analyzing the functions and using the functions of the VE/VA study to generate ideas and alternative solutions.5.3 This practice establishes a communication format through which all stakeholders can understand the project, product, or process.5.4 This practice presents a method by which stakeholders’ needs and desires are compared to the cost to satisfy those needs and desires.5.4.1 Function cost data help the user identify the alternatives and their functions that are highly valued with respect to their cost, thereby targeting opportunities for increasing value.5.4.2 Targeting is done by identifying the low preference/high cost functions and high preference/low cost functions. These data will be used in the VE/VA study as a basis to create alternative solutions.5.5 This practice helps stakeholders to formulate a strategy to maximize values.5.6 Functions are also used to define criteria to compare alternatives.1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function analysis of a project, product, or process.1.2 This practice provides a system to identify, define, and clearly communicate the purpose of a project, product, or process and the associated elements of the project, product, or process.1.3 This practice covers the relationship between the functions that must be satisfied and the resources for a project, product, or process to accomplish those functions.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for manufactured polymeric materials used to provide a rainscreen function, a means for the drainage of liquid moisture and the ventilation of vapor moisture that enters an above-grade exterior wall assembly. Rainscreen materials that conform to this specification are intended to be used behind exterior cladding products and to cover the entire wall area that is designed to provide a rainscreen function to resist water infiltration. Three types of rainscreen materials are addressed: Type A (entangled mesh materials), Type B (formed/textured sheet material), and Type C (formed battens). This specification also covers descriptions of the materials and material composition; material properties and material performance requirements; specimen preparation; reporting requirements; marking and labeling; and packaging and package marking. A table presents the requirements for ventilation/airflow, drainage, thickness, compression, strength, UV exposure, heat aging, mold/fungal growth, and water exposure.1.1 This specification is applicable to manufactured polymeric materials used to provide a rainscreen function, a means for the drainage of liquid moisture and the ventilation of vapor moisture that enters an above-grade exterior wall assembly. Rainscreen materials that comply with this specification are intended to be used behind exterior cladding products and intended to cover one hundred percent (100 %) of the wall area that is designed to provide a rainscreen function to resist water infiltration.1.2 This specification addresses the following types of rainscreen materials:1.2.1 Type A—entangled mesh materials.1.2.2 Type B—formed/textured sheet material.1.2.3 Type C—formed battens.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 These practices establish standard procedures designed for qualitatively evaluating the performance characteristics of protective ensembles or ensemble elements in terms of comfort, fit, function, and durability. Limited quantitative measures are also provided.5.2 These practices are suitable for both end users and manufacturers to evaluate performance characteristics of protective ensembles and ensemble elements.5.2.1 End users may use these practices to qualitatively determine how well protective ensembles and ensemble elements (gloves, boots, and respirators) and ensemble components (communications systems, cooling devices, and undergarments) meet their particular application.5.2.2 Manufacturers of protective ensembles and ensemble elements may use these practices to determine the qualitative performance characteristics in existing or proposed designs.5.3 Option A permits a qualitative evaluation of protective ensemble or ensemble element mobility by subjecting the protective ensemble to a manned exercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation of protective ensemble or ensemble element function. Each procedure can be used to assess ensemble comfort and fit by relating test subject responses and by comparing the dimensions and weights of both the test subject and suit.NOTE 1: The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension data may eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards to improve the sizing of chemical protective suits and the integration of ensemble components in protective ensembles.5.4 The use of these practices is primarily for qualitative purposes only. In general, results from use of these practices on one type of ensemble may not be comparable to other test results on a different ensemble due to the subjective nature of test results.5.5 Certain aspects of these practices are quantitative. The effect of wearing the ensemble or ensemble element can also be assessed by the measurement of the time to complete the exercise and tasks defined in Option A and Option B, respectively. Further, liquid penetration resistance testing is applied to liquid splash protective ensembles in accordance with Test Method F1359/F1359M, and pressure testing is applied to vapor protective ensembles in accordance with Test Method F1052 to determine if the exercises or tasks affect the durability of the protective ensemble or ensemble element to provide acceptable levels of integrity. Depending on the ensemble configuration, specific evaluations and assessments are used to determine the effect of the ensemble or ensemble element on the wearer’s visual acuity, their field of vision, and their ability to remove and reinsert their hands into gloves when attached to encapsulating protective ensembles.5.6 Quantitative practices for determining the specific impact of the protective ensemble on the wearer’s range of motion are found in Practice F3031.5.7 These practices are not intended to assess heat stress resulting from wearing a protective ensemble, although thermal comfort of the suit ensemble may be subjectively evaluated. Use Practice F2668 for measuring the physiological impact of wearing ensembles or ensemble elements on wearers.5.8 It is recommended that end users and manufacturers of protective ensembles and ensemble elements consider these practices to be minimum procedures for evaluating ensemble and ensemble element performance characteristics. Additional tests and procedures that relate directly to their particular application are also recommended where appropriate. Each facility performing these practices is encouraged to establish its own criteria for assessing acceptable ensemble performance.1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating protective ensembles and ensemble elements to determine the suitability of the ensemble or ensemble components in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, fit, function, and durability.1.1.1 Option A is a manned exercise scenario intended to evaluate the impact of the ensembles and ensemble elements on wearer mobility when worn in a series of different physical exercises that are intended to evaluate the range of motion permitted by the ensemble or ensemble element.1.1.2 Option B is a manned work task scenario intended to determine the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.1.1.3 Recording the length of time used to complete these tasks provides a means for quantifying the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on the wearer function.1.1.4 Relating the ability of the subject to completely perform all tasks provides a qualitative assessment for the impact of the ensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.1.1.5 The optional evaluation of ensembles or ensemble elements for liquid or vapor integrity following the exercise protocols provides a basis for evaluating the impact of wearing on ensemble or ensemble element integrity.1.1.6 The optional evaluation of donning and doffing instructions provides a basis for evaluating the potential for errors which may impact the effectiveness of the ensemble.1.2 These practices apply to protective ensembles and certain ensemble elements that are used for protection against different chemical, biological, physical, thermal, and other hazards, but are primarily useful for ensembles that include barrier layers such as liquid splash protective ensembles used for protection against hazardous chemicals or highly infectious diseases, or vapor protective ensembles used for chemical protection.1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Systems Management: Usage metering function for accounting purposes AMENDMENT 1: Implementation conformance statement proformas

定价： 1320元 / 折扣价： 1122 元

5.1 The data from this test can be used to estimate the bulk density of materials in bins and hoppers and for material handling applications such as feeders.5.2 The test results can be greatly affected by the sample selected for testing. For meaningful results it is necessary to select a representative sample of the particulate solid with respect to moisture (water) content, particle-size distribution and temperature. For the tests an appropriate size sample should be available, and fresh material should be used for each individual test specimen.5.3 Initial bulk density, (ρb)initial, may or may not be used as the minimum bulk density. This will depend on the material being tested. For example, the two are often close to the same for coarse (most particles larger than about 6 mm), free-flowing bulk solids, but not for fine, aeratable powders.5.4 Bulk density values may be dependent upon the magnitude of the applied mass increments. Traditionally, the applied mass is doubled for each increment resulting in an applied mass increment ratio of 1. Smaller than standard increment ratios may be desirable for materials that are highly sensitive to the applied mass increment ratio. An example of the latter is a material whose bulk density increases 10% or more with each increase in applied mass.5.5 Bulk density values may be dependent upon the duration of each applied mass. Traditionally, the duration is the same for each increment and equal to 15 s. For some materials, the rate of compression is such that complete compression (no change in volume with time at a given applied compressive stress) will require significantly more than 15 s.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the testing or inspection (or both) of soil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this standard. However, users of this standard should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this standard. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other bulk solids as a function of compressive stress.1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Products exposed outdoors degrade due to primarily three stress factors: sunlight, temperature and moisture. The rate of property change is a function of time and stressors’ intensity.5.2 Whereas the UV irradiance calculated in this practice is independent of material, it is especially relevant to polymeric materials exposed outdoors as the combined action of UV radiation and oxygen is often the dominant factor leading to their degradation. Therefore, estimating UV irradiance is an important parameter to assess the service life of products.5.3 UV radiant dosage is often more important to determine in the correlation with the amount of degradation than total solar radiant dosage or duration of time. The comparison of UV radiant dosage from one location to another may be used to normalize degradation results.5.4 Measured UV irradiance data are scarce compared to total solar irradiance data. Many locations that monitor solar resource data only collect data for total solar radiation. This practice allows the user to estimate the amount of UV irradiance from the amount of total solar irradiance for any site.1.1 This practice describes methods to estimate the total solar ultraviolet irradiance on a horizontal surface as a function of Air Mass and geographic location.1.2 This practice provides a mathematical model for calculating Global Horizontal Ultraviolet irradiance (GHUV) from Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) data for a specific location.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 364元 / 折扣价： 310 元

3.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the maximum functional volume of the primary dirt receptacle when installed in the vacuum cleaner.3.2 This test method provides the maximum amount of test media that the primary dirt receptacle will hold and may be more than the volume obtained when filled to the manufacturer's recommended fill line.1.1 This test method covers household types of upright, canister, and combination vacuum cleaners.1.2 This test method provides a measurement in dry quarts or litres of the maximum functional volume of the primary dirt receptacle when installed in the vacuum cleaner.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see 7.2 and 8.5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车