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1. Scope 1.1 This Standard is intended for the performance rating of factory-assembled unitary heat pumps, that are intended for use in direct-expansion (DX) ground-source heat pump systems. 1.2 Within the scope of the Standard, DX heat pumps are cl

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5.1 Spectral analysis of soils for agricultural use is being used worldwide to obtain rapid data on soil nutrients. for the purpose of agricultural management including fertilizer application and other amendments such as pH adjustment, organic supplements, etc. Satellite, aerial, and ground-based sampling methods are being used. This test method applies to ground-based, terrestrial field applications where samples are taken from the ground, generally in the root zone. Use of these rapid remote sensing techniques allow for more detailed and economic data acquisition than older cumbersome sampling and wet chemistry testing methods used in the past by soil scientists for soil nutrient evaluations.5.2 This test method describes procedures for sampling and testing of field soils using diffuse reflectance spectrometry using handheld portable spectrometers measuring spectra in visible and near infrared (vis-NR) using dried sieved or wet samples. There is a worldwide effort to collect spectral databases of soils. The procedures specified here follow procedures as outlined in the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) primer on Vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy of soils (1)3. Other organizations such as IEEE are actively working on additional guidance documents that will be incorporated in future revisions of this test method.5.2.1 This standard describes the procedures (Section 12) for using hyperspectral sensor data to measure moisture content as a percentage, pH, Organic Matter (OM) as a percentage, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) measured in 10 cmol c /kg could hold 10 cmol of Na + cations (with 1 unit of charge per cation) per kilogram of soil, but only 5 cmol Ca 2+ (2 units of charge per cation), as well as micro and macro nutrients in soils measured in PPM (parts per million)or a percentage, including, but not limited to nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, boron, zinc, iron, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and manganese.5.2.2 Research has shown that the Vis-NIR data for OM content is as accurate as other tests such as the burn off test in Test Methods D2974 (2). Analysis of natural moisture samples using method B can provide faster testing and better estimates of OM are normalization for moisture (3). Wet sampling allows for many more samples to be rapidly scanned in the field and therefore more samples and more detailed coverage of the site.5.3 This standard does not address sensors that measure in the mid infrared range, MIR, are more expensive and there is less spectral data available. MIR spectral analysis is performed on dried samples that are finely grinded (4). MIR modeling requires a high level of calibration against recognized laboratory procedures and physical properties.5.4 Spectral data can differ from older reference tests typically based on wet chemistry methods such as pore fluid extractions such as those outlined in soil survey manuals (5). These old methods require extensive labor costs and long turnaround times. However, soil scientists are accumulating large databases of spectral libraries which have been checked and calibrated with baseline chemical data. The soil survey manual (5) also has early (2014) procedures for Vis-NIR testing methods on dry specimens.5.5 The accuracy of the measurement is determined by the accuracy of the calibration of the baseline measurements that are calibrated by chemical processing. On critical/new projects the sampling plan may include samples for wet chemistry testing to help calibrate the site model. The large amount of data that is collected at a site is combined into a site-specific database which is subject to complex model training to optimize the dataset. This standard will not provide detailed guidance on modeling and the FAO document (1) provides a good overview of the current procedures for dataset modeling. Dataset modeling requires adjustments for texture, water content, and geology and generally is linked to other appropriate spectral libraries available from many sources (6).5.5.1 Horizon and Soil taxonomic order as auxiliary variables improve prediction accuracy of models. Regional, local, and past site-specific data, and taxonomic historic data base libraries may be used to help calibrate a site model.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method describes procedures for sampling and testing of soils obtained from ground-based samples using diffuse reflectance spectrometry using handheld portable spectrometers measuring spectra in visible and near infrared (vis-NR) and mid-infrared (MIR) range. The sensor can measure moisture content, PH, organic matter, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) as well as macro and micro elemental nutrients in parts per million (PPM) or percentage, including but not limited to nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, iron, boron, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and manganese.1.2 There are two methods that can be used to perform the test.1.2.1 Method A—The analysis is performed in the laboratory on the sample after the sample has been oven dried and sieved.1.2.2 Method B—The analysis is performed in the field on a moist sample after homogenization. After post-processing of multiple reflectance site data using methods A and B, the moisture content can be measured, and the spectral signature is normalized for moisture content.1.3 The limitation of this method is that the results of an individual test for elemental analysis would not be the same as exacting reference values from traditional wet chemical lab analysis used by soil scientists. Results of wet chemistry tests or tests from soil science libraries may be used to calibrate a specific site model comprised of many individual tests. Spectral data for organics has shown to be as accurate as conventional methods such as Test Methods D2974.1.4 For soil nutrient analysis the sample is not finely ground as in typical qualitative spectral analysis as outlined in standard Practice E1252. The spectrometer is checked periodically during testing using procedures in accordance with Guide E1866 performance testing.1.5 Moisture content is a preferred term in agricultural applications. For this standard, gravimetric water content may be measured in accordance with Test Methods D2216 when drying samples and used to calibrate the site model, but the overall results of spectral analysis are more qualitative, and the term Moisture Content is used in this standard.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. Wavelengths are stated only in nanometers, nm. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. The procedures used to specify how data is collected, recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.7.1 Spectral data is acquired by electrical data acquisition systems and therefore numeric data is carried through recording and into databases without rounding of numeric data.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1. Scope 1.1 This Standard describes the investigations required to obtain the seismological and geological information necessary to determine, for a proposed CANDU nuclear power plant site, the seismic ground motion that will be utilized in seismic qu

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This guide covers standard specification for high-strength, extra-high-strength, and utilities grades of concentric lay steel wire strand composed of three wires or seven wires with Class A, Class B, or Class C zinc aluminum-mischmetal (Zn-5 Al-MM) alloy coatings specifically intended for use as overhead ground wires or static wires for electric power transmission lines. Alloy-coated steel wires, of varying sizes and grades of strand, shall conform to the specified values of the approximate weight per unit length of strand and the minimum breaking strength of the finished strand. The weight of the three classes of coating shall not be less than the specified value. The steel wires shall meet the required mechanical properties such as breaking strength, elongation, and ductility.1.1 This specification covers high-strength, extra-high-strength, and utilities grades of concentric lay steel wire strand composed of three wires or seven wires with Class A, Class B, or Class C zinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal (Zn-5 Al-MM) alloy coatings specifically intended for use as overhead ground wires or static wires for electric power transmission lines.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 Justification -This guide considers the characterization of karst and fractured-rock aquifers as an integral component of monitoring-system design. Hence, the development of a conceptual hydrogeologic model that identifies and defines the various components of the flow system is recommended prior to the design and implementation of a monitoring system. 1.2 Methodology and Applicability -This guide is based on recognized methods of monitoring-system design and implementation for the purpose of collecting representative ground-water data. The design guidelines are applicable to the determination of ground-water flow and contaminant transport from existing sites, assessment of proposed sites, and determination of wellhead or springhead protection areas. 1.3 Objectives -The objectives of this guide are to outline procedures for obtaining information on hydrogeologic characteristics and water-quality data representative of karst and fractured-rock aquifers. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method is part of an overall suite of related test methods that provide repeatable measures of human-system interaction capability including robotic system mobility, dexterity, inspection, remote operator proficiency, and situational awareness. In particular, the operator control unit (OCU) design and interface features may impact the operator’s ability to perform movement and inspection tasks with the robot.5.2 The test apparatuses are low cost and easy to fabricate so they can be widely replicated. The procedure is also simple to conduct. This eases comparisons across various testing locations, dates, and times to determine best-in-class systems and operators.5.3 Evaluation—This test method can be used in a controlled environment to measure baseline capabilities. It can also be embedded into operational training scenarios to measure degradation due to uncontrolled variables in lighting, weather, radio communications, GPS accuracy, etc.5.4 Procurement—This test method can be used to identify inherent capability trade-offs in systems, make informed purchasing decisions, and verify performance during acceptance testing. This aligns requirement specifications and user expectations with existing capability limits.5.5 Training—This test method can be used to focus operator training, as a repeatable practice task or as an embedded task within training scenarios. The resulting measures of remote operator proficiency enable tracking of perishable skills over time, along with comparisons of performance across squads, regions, or national averages.5.6 Innovation—This test method can be used to inspire technical innovation, demonstrate break-through capabilities, and measure the reliability of systems performing specific tasks within an overall mission sequence. Combining or sequencing multiple test methods can guide manufacturers toward implementing the combinations of capabilities necessary to perform essential mission tasks.1.1 This test method is intended for remotely operated ground robots operating in complex, unstructured, and often hazardous environments. It specifies the apparatuses, procedures, and performance metrics necessary to measure the capability of a robot to maneuver and search throughout an environment to inspect objects of interest while negotiating complex terrain. This test method is one of several related human-system interaction tests that can be used to evaluate overall system capabilities.1.2 The robotic system typically includes a remote operator in control of all functionality, so an onboard camera and remote operator display are typically required. Assistive features or autonomous behaviors may improve the effectiveness or efficiency of the overall system.1.3 Different user communities can set their own thresholds of acceptable performance within this test method for various mission requirements.1.4 Performing Location—This test method may be performed anywhere the specified apparatuses and environmental conditions can be implemented.1.5 Units—The International System of Units (a.k.a. SI Units) and U.S. Customary Units (a.k.a. Imperial Units) are used throughout this test method. They are not mathematical conversions. Rather, they are approximate equivalents in each system of units to enable use of readily available materials in different countries. The differences between the stated dimensions in each system of units are insignificant for the purposes of comparing test method results, so each system of units is separately considered standard within this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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