定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

4.1 Recent experience with computer-based patient records (CPRs) has revealed many valuable potential benefits, but it has also become apparent that the effective application of this technology creates some new problems. CPRs offer the option for lifelong linkage of all records on a patient, from birth to death. Such longitudinal record linkage would make the patient’s entire past health history retrievable. This could make possible a quantum leap in the clinical practice of health care, but a reliable patient identifier is essential to make large-scale regional and nationwide record linkage feasible. The design of a patient identifier system is not a simple task. Incorrect record linkage would create confusion, at least, or possibly cause serious consequences. To gain the benefits from such an identifier, it must be used by all relevant organizations. A universal patient identifier system must resist unauthorized access to confidential clinical data.Furthermore, the creation of personal identifiers for the entire population must be a cost-effective process in light of ongoing fiscal constraints. The creation and administration of personal identifiers for the entire population must be accomplished at a cost that is widely accepted as affordable and justified. Last, but not least, a time pressure exists. The solution to the patient identifier challenge should use technology to facilitate rapid deployment of the system to permit the expeditious implementation of CPRs. A companion document, Guide E2553, provides the implementation strategy concerning how to actually implement the UHID system.1.1 This guide covers a set of requirements outlining the properties required to create a universal healthcare identifier (UHID) system. Use of the UHID is expected to initially be focused on the population of the United States but there is no inherent limitation on how widely these identifiers may be applied.1.2 This guide sets forth the fundamental considerations for a UHID that can support at least four basic functions effectively:1.2.1 Positive identification of patients when clinical care is rendered;1.2.2 Automated linkage of various computer-based records on the same patient for the creation of lifelong electronic health care files;1.2.3 Provision of a mechanism to support data security for the protection of privileged clinical information; and1.2.4 The use of technology for patient records handling to keep health care operating costs at a minimum.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This standard describes a proposal to provide unambiguous personal identification for any patient who requests it. In today’s world of specialized healthcare and mobile patients it is typical for clinical information on a single patient to reside in a variety of locations, some using manual data storage techniques, but an increasing number using electronic means. In order for a clinician to provide safe and appropriate clinical care in this environment it is necessary to be able to aggregate appropriate clinical information on a specific patient in order to gain an accurate and comprehensive picture of that patient’s clinical situation. This implies that all information relating to each patient should be identified in a unique manner to facilitate the process of accurately aggregating appropriate information.5.2 The converse of the need for data aggregation is the patient’s need to protect the privacy of their information. Unless patients are confident that they can avoid inappropriate sharing of clinical information they will not readily share that information with caregivers. Thus, the same system that supports unambiguous linkage of all information concerning a patient must also play a role in protecting the privacy of that information.5.3 The proposed patient identification system must be able to avoid or overcome the numerous objections that have prevented implementation of a universal patient identification system in the past including issues related to:5.3.1 Technology—The proposed system must be technically feasible in a manner that promotes scalability, availability, and ease of implementation.5.3.2 Integration with Existing Systems—To the maximum extent possible the proposed identification system should work seamlessly with existing information systems.5.3.3 Cost-effectiveness—The proposed system should balance the costs and benefits required to implement a fully functional voluntary universal healthcare identification system.5.3.4 Political Feasibility—Because many different constituencies have a vested interest in a universal patient identification system, it has been a significant challenge to gain consensus on how to implement such a system.5.3.5 Gradually Implementable—In order to minimize the impact associated with its implementation, a desirable property of a voluntary universal healthcare identification system is that it be gradually implementable over time.5.3.6 Acceptable to the General Public—A voluntary universal healthcare identification system must be accepted by the general public as a beneficial, effective and non-threatening capability.5.4 Experience has shown that a healthcare identification system will only be feasible if it is dedicated exclusively to the needs of healthcare. It is only in this focused environment that it has been possible to create a consistent, feasible, functional, and effective design for such a system.1.1 This document describes the implementation principles needed to create a Voluntary Universal Healthcare Identification (VUHID) system. The purpose of this system is to enable unambiguous identification of individuals in order to facilitate the delivery of healthcare.1.2 The VUHID system should be dedicated exclusively to the needs and functions of healthcare.1.3 The VUHID system is designed to represent no, or at least minimal, increased risk to healthcare privacy and security.1.4 The system should be as cost-effective as possible.1.5 The system must be created and maintained in a way to provide sustained benefit to healthcare.1.6 The system should be designed and implemented in a manner that ensures that it can operate indefinitely.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The procedure is used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of handwashing formulations. The test formulations generally are designed for frequent use to reduce the transient bacterial flora on hands. Alcohol-based hand rubs and other leave-on formulations used without the aid of water should be tested using Test Method E2755.1.1 This test method is designed to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial handwashing agents for the reduction of transient microbial skin flora when used in a handwashing procedure.21.2 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.1.3 This test method may be used to evaluate topical antimicrobial handwash formulations.1.4 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects.31.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; except for distance, in which case inches are used and metric units follow in parentheses.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For more specific precautionary statements see 8.2.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

The PDF Healthcare Best Practices Guide describes PDF features useful in healthcare and documents points to consider for these features. As such, users of this document can decide what features are important to them under their specific circumstances. The PDF Healthcare Best Practices Guide does not describe normative requirements, nor is it a language specification. For detailed language issues, it references the PDF and XFA Specifications. (See the Terminology and Reference Documents sections for more information on these specifications). For implementation specific guidance, it references an accompanying Implementation Guide.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This guide covers a framework for the protection of healthcare information. It addresses both storage and transmission of information. It describes existing standards used for information security which can be used in many cases, and describes which (healthcare-specific) standards are needed to complete the framework. Appropriate background information on security (and particularly cryptography) is included. The framework is designed to accommodate a very large (national or international), distributed user base, spread across many organizations, and it therefore recommends the use of certain (scaleable) technologies over others.1.2 Electronic information exchange and sharing of data in has been the backbone of industries such as financial institutions for several years. Cost cutting measures and a real need for sharing of information are driving healthcare services toward increased use of computer-based information systems. One of the requirements for the ability to share and exchange healthcare information is that the information be protected.1.3 Selection of standards was performed using the following criteria, which are described in more detail in 4.2.1.3.1 Security requirements are defined in this framework, and (in some cases) in additional ASTM guidelines.1.3.2 ASTM standard specifications are used to define protocols and message formats in support of interoperability.1.3.3 Existing standards will be reused or extended whenever possible.1.3.4 This framework does not address policy issues. ASTM Subcommittee E31.17 is writing standards that address these issues.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This guide recommends security mechanisms for protection of healthcare information transmitted using the IPS. The IPS consists of multiple protocol layers. The lowest layer which can provide end–to–end security is the Internet Protocol (IP). IP may run over a variety of subnetwork technologies, such as Ethernet, X.25, ATM, and even asynchronous dial–up lines. While it is possible to provide security services directly over those technologies, such approaches only protect a single subnetwork and are not discussed further. A variety of protocols may be run on top of IP. These include the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which provides reliable, sequenced data delivery (sessions), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides unsequenced data delivery (datagrams). Other protocols at this layer include various routing and configuration protocols used by the network itself. Application protocols typically make use of either TCP or UDP. A variety of standard application protocols have been defined for such applications as file transfer (FTP), electronic mail (SMTP), and the World Wide Web (HTTP). Some applications have their own security requirements, dictated by the structure of the application or its protocols. The remainder of this guide is organized as follows: Section 5 discusses security threats and the countermeasures which can be used to protect against these threats. Section 6 presents a brief overview of cryptography, as most network security mechanisms rely on its use. Section 7 distinguishes between network and application security and discusses when each level of security might be useful. The remaining sections recommend specific security protocols and mechanisms for both network and application security needs.1.1 This guide covers mechanisms that can be used to protect healthcare information which is being transmitted over networks using the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). This includes the actual Internet itself, as well as corporate intranets constructed from off-the-shelf components implementing these protocols. An organization's security policy will determine when these mechanisms are used, based on risk analysis.1.2 The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is defining security standards for use with the IPS. This guide covers the relevant standards and recommends, where needed, particular options (such as cryptographic transformations) to be used with the standards. Most standards referenced here are proposed standards issues as Request for Comments (RFC's). Some are in the draft stage, but are stable enough (and widely enough implemented) to be recommended for use at this time.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers the use of digital signatures to provide authentication of healthcare information. It describes how the components of a digital signature system meet specified requirements, including specification of allowable signature and hash algorithms, management of public and private keys, and specific formats for keys, certificates, and signed healthcare documents. This specification, however, does not prescribe any particular policy regarding which documents shall be authenticated, and by whom.1.1 This specification covers the use of digital signatures to provide authentication of healthcare information, as described in Guide E 1762. It describes how the components of a digital signature system meet the requirements specified in Guide E 1762. This includes specification of allowable signature and hash algorithms, management of public and private keys, and specific formats for keys, certificates, and signed healthcare documents.1.2 This specification should be read in conjunction with Guide E 1762, which describes the scope of, and requirements for, authentication of healthcare information. This specification describes one implementation (digital signatures) that meets all of the requirements of Guide E 1762. It does not prescribe any particular policy regarding which documents shall be authenticated, and by whom.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This specification provides minimum requirements for surgical gowns used for protection of healthcare workers where the potential for exposure to blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials exists. The specification requires barrier testing based on the system of classifying gowns established in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and sets general safety requirements for surgical gowns based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, and flame spread. Performance requirements are established for important physical properties, including tensile strength, tear strength, and seam strength. Methods to be used for optional reporting of performance of linting resistance, evaporative resistance, water vapor transmission rate, and abrasion resistance are provided.4.2 This specification does not address protective clothing used for nonsurgical applications, such as isolation gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.4.3 Surgical gowns are either multiple-use or single-use products as designated by the manufacturer. This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturer claims for surgical gown performance and efficacy. For multiple-use gowns, this specification takes into account the anticipated care and maintenance of these products by examining test requirements for surgical gown materials both before and after the maximum expected number of cycles for laundering and sterilization.4.4 Additional information on the processing of multiple-use surgical gowns is provided in ANSI/AAMI ST65.4.5 While surgical gowns are classified for barrier performance as specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70, this specification establishes other design criteria, minimum physical performance criteria, labeling, and documentation requirements for surgical gowns and their materials.4.5.1 In addition to the barrier performance of the surgical gown material and seams, surgical gown material and seams are also required to meet minimum requirements for tensile strength, tear strength, and seam strength that have been established on the basis of an analysis of workplace requirements. Surgical gowns with different barrier level claims shall meet the same minimum strength requirements regardless of their barrier level.4.5.2 Additional properties for surgical gown material such as lint generation, evaporative resistance or water vapor transmission rate, and durability are optional for testing for the purpose of documenting performance. No minimum criteria are established for these properties, but purchasers may use this information to compare products.4.5.3 Surgical gowns differ from isolation gowns based on their intended use and anticipated location of liquid contact. Specific requirements for isolation gowns beyond the barrier performance of isolation gown materials and seams are provided in Specification F3352/F3352M.4.6 Additional information for the testing, selection, and use of surgical gowns is provided in AAMI TIR11.AbstractThis specification establishes the requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in the healthcare facilities. It does not however cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products. Barrier testing shall be conducted to determine the impact penetration, hydrostatic resistance, and viral penetration resistance performance of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown. The physical properties of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown shall also be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: tensile strength, tear resistance, seam strength, lint generation, evaporative resistance, and water vapor transmission rate. General safety requirements shall be set based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, flame spread, and natural rubber latex specifications.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in healthcare facilities. Four levels of barrier properties for surgical gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and are included in this specification for reference purposes.NOTE 1: Some properties require minimum performance and others are for documentation only.NOTE 2: ANSI/AAMI PB70 evaluates the barrier properties of surgical gown fabrics using water only in Levels 1, 2, and 3. Since surgical gowns are exposed to blood and other fluids with different surface tensions, the performance of additional testing to identify the barrier levels to simulated biological fluids is required for a Level 4 gown.1.2 This specification does not cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products.1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchase specification, but can be referenced in purchase specifications as the basis for selecting test requirements.1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification promotes the interoperability of health information systems through enabling a single uniform representation of human characteristics at the data layer of healthcare information systems architecture (See Fig. 1).It presents a data structure that allows the recording, storage, editing, and retrieval of human characteristics independent of technology and the language, nationality, or culture of persons or organizations involved in healthcare processes. The intended use of this specification is to promote interoperability at the physical data tier in healthcare information systems, and to enhance the design and development of data subsystems that contain human characteristics data for individuals and populations. The data structures in this specification can be readily transformed into presentation layer structuresfor example, into XML for presentation in the ASTM Continuity of Care Record or the HL7 standard Clinical Document Architecture, or into standard HL7 2.x messages. Clinical uses of this data structure include the classification and storage of human characteristics for individuals and populationsfor example, for use in clinical decision support and epidemiology to compare the individual to populations consistent with best clinical and scientific practices. This specification may be extended for use in veterinary medicine as described in Appendix X1. This extension includes a genus/taxonomy reference and associative entities/tables as cited in ANSI/ADA Specification 1000. This allows the characterization of individual non-human living things, and the inclusion of those of different species into mixed herds.AbstractThis specification presents the standardized representation for the content and structure of human characteristics data for use in healthcare information systems, and may be extended to apply to characteristics of non-human living things, such as in data systems supporting veterinary medicine. This specification covers the logical representation of human characteristics data for individuals and populations, and the physical representation of human characteristics at the data tier of healthcare information systems. Conversely, the following provisions are outside the scope of this specification: the standardization of policy or regulation concerning the employment of human characteristics data described in this specification; the establishment or standardization of legal constraints over the use of human characteristics in conjunction with healthcare clinical or business processes; and addressing or standardizing personal privacy, medicolegal, and system security provisions associated with documenting human characteristics or storing human characteristics data.1.1 This document presents a standardized representation for the content and structure of human characteristics data for use in healthcare information systems. 1.2 This specification may be extended to apply to characteristics of non-human living things, such as in data systems supporting veterinary medicine. 1.3 The following provisions are within the scope of this specification: 1.3.1 Logical representation of human characteristics data for individuals and populations. 1.3.2 Physical representation of human characteristics at the data tier of healthcare information systems. 1.4 The following provisions are outside the scope of this specification: 1.4.1 The standardization of policy or regulation concerning the employment of human characteristics data described in this specification. 1.4.2 The establishment or standardization of legal constraints over the use of human characteristics in conjunction with healthcare clinical or business processes. 1.4.3 Addressing or standardizing personal privacy, medicolegal, and system security provisions associated with documenting human characteristics or storing human characteristics data. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 This standard vocabulary is intended to be used as a reference about terms used in standards for healthcare informatics and in general discussions about informatics issues relating to the healthcare sector, including: clinical care, resource management, policy, clinical or health services research or biomedical research in basic or applied areas of science that refer to the healthcare sector. It contains “Elected Terms” rather than the “Preferred” terms used in the terminologic literature. This is a usage coined within the CEN TC-251 community to reflect the fact that there is consensus agreement on the usage of a particular form rather than an imposition. This consensual agreement to usage better reflects the incentives for common usage rather than mandates. Alternate forms (Synonymy) of an elected term exist and are cataloged for the same concept, in accordance with ISO/DIS 1087-1, ISO 704, ISO 12620, and EN-12017, ISO/DIS 860, EN-12264, and ANSDIT.3.2 The system used to classify these terms is in the full context of all of the terminology of biomedicine, as well as about the healthcare system itself as it is used throughout the health domain. It has drawn on the terms used in both EN-12017 and in UMLS for biomedicine (Guide E1284, Specification E1633, ISO 12200, GALEN). The coding scheme described in Section 5 used to represent this classification was developed for this terminology from the Unified Medical Language System documentation produced by the National Library of Medicine.1.1 This terminology is intended to name and document the principal concepts, and their associated terms, that are utilized in the healthcare information domain and all of its specialized subdomains. It is applicable to all areas of healthcare about which information is kept or utilized. It is intended to complement and utilize those concepts already identified by other national and international standards bodies. It will identify alternate accepted terms for the same concept and its elected term. Its terms are intended to clarify and simplify usage in the dialog and documentation about the concepts, processes and data that are used to schedule, conduct and manage all phases of healthcare. This common usage will improve the quality and management of all facets of healthcare by means of explicit information used in referring to each of these facets. These health informatics terms have been collected here specifically in order to facilitate the consistent use of common concepts in informatics standards development and use throughout healthcare. A separate process from this standard that is described in ISO 15188 will manage the approval of biomedical and healthcare terms.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Hand hygiene is considered one of the most important measures for preventing the spread of infectious microorganisms. Hand rubs reduce the microbial load on the hands without the use of soap and water, and are thus an important tool in the practice of good hand hygiene. Alcohol-based hand rubs are recommended in healthcare settings for use on hands that are not visibly soiled. They are formulated to be applied full strength to dry hands, “rubbed in” until dry, and are not rinsed off.5.2 This test method is designed specifically to evaluate hand rubs for efficacy in eliminating bacteria from experimentally-contaminated hands. It is designed as an alternative to Test Method E1174, which was intended primarily to evaluate antimicrobial handwashing agents that are lathered with the aid of water and then rinsed off. When using Test Method E1174 to evaluate hand rubs, inadequate drying of the hands after contamination dilutes the test material and can compromise activity, to result in an underestimation of effectiveness. Additionally, because hand rubs are not rinsed after product use, activity can be further degraded by build-up of soil from the contaminating broth and inactivated challenge bacteria on the hands.5.2.1 In this method, application to the hands of a small volume of high-titer test bacteria suspension minimizes soil load such that the skin is completely dry prior to application of the test material. Further, by applying the bacterial suspension only prior to those test material application cycles followed by sampling, excessive buildup of killed bacteria on the hands is avoided, and the potential impact of non-volatile test product ingredients on bacteria-eliminating effectiveness after ten consecutive applications can be specifically assessed.5.3 A reference control is evaluated for each subject prior to evaluation of the test material. Data from the reference control helps to control for inter-subject variability, inter-experimental variability, and inter-laboratory variability; and enables improved statistical comparison of test materials evaluated in the same experiment.5.4 This test method can be used to test any form of hand rubs, including gels, rinses, sprays, foams, and wipes when used according to label directions at typical “in-use” doses.5.5 Susceptibility to biocides can vary among different species of bacteria and major differences have been noted between gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This test method provides the option to use either a gram-negative bacterium (Serratia marcescens) or a gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) as the test organism. S. marcescens is used as a test organism in both Test Method E1174 and Test Method E2276. S. aureus is a highly relevant pathogen in healthcare, institutional, and community settings. Moreover, hands are an important vehicle in the transfer of S. aureus between people and the environment, and in the transfer between individuals.5.6 This test method may be used as an alternative to Test Method E2276, which limits the test bacteria to the fingerpads and does not incorporate actual use conditions such as friction during hand rubbing.5.7 The investigator should be aware of potential health risks associated with the use of these organisms and precautions similar to those referenced in Section 8 should be taken.1.1 This test method is designed to determine the activity of healthcare personnel hand rubs, (also known as hand rubs, hygienic hand rubs, hand sanitizers, or hand antiseptics) against transient microbial skin flora on the hands after a single application and after repeated applications.1.2 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects (see 21 CFR Parts 50 and 56).1.3 This test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology, in facilities designed and equipped for work with potentially infectious agents at biosafety level 2.2,31.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see 8.2.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification defines an electronic representation that includes the varying information required for broad exchange in health care both today and in the future. eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a convergence of data processing, communication, and publishing technology. XML is a platform, vendor, and application independent technology for describing document content and structure in tags or elements. The names of the tags and the rules for using them are contained in the document type definition (DTD). The clinical XML DTD defines the standard XML DTD for: admission notes, discharge summaries, history and physical examinations, operative reports, pathology reports, radiology reports, and radiation therapy summaries. The DTDs define templates for clinical content. Clinical content may take the form of character data or elements from the XHTML Basic 1.0 DTD.1.1 This specification defines an electronic representation that includes the varying information required for broad exchange in health care both today and in the future. eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a convergence of data processing, communication, and publishing technology. XML is a platform, vendor, and application independent technology for describing document content and structure in tags or elements. The names of the tags and the rules for using them are contained in the Document Type Definition (DTD). The DTD describes the structure of the document and defines the names of tags it contains. Additionally the DTD declares the order in which the tags occur and how often the tags can appear; that is, the DTD defines the hierarchy of the tags. A DTD for a prescription might contain structural elements for the medication prescribed medication>, the dosage dosage>, the form form>, the quantity quantity>, and so forth. This specification is in the form of a set of standard XML DTDs that match the electronic document requirements in the health care industry.1.2 This specification refers to and makes use of recommendations from the World Wide Web consortium, the W3C (http://www.w3.org).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification addresses requirements for the headings, arrangement, and appearance of sections and subsections when used within an individual's healthcare documents. This specification will facilitate identification and retrieval of health information in a manner that will enhance the quality and efficiency of health services. Use of this specification in conjunction with XML DTDs (extensible markup language document type definitions) and the EHR (electronic health records) would further enhance efficiency in time and cost. In addition, this specification applies across multiple healthcare settings in which healthcare documents are generated, such as hospitals, clinics, skilled nursing facilities, ambulatory care facilities, outpatient surgery centers, and private healthcare providers' offices. The author of a healthcare document may choose to summarize subsection information within a general section rather than creating subsections.1.1 This specification addresses requirements for the headings, arrangement, and appearance of sections and subsections when used within an individual's healthcare documents. This specification will facilitate identification and retrieval of health information in a manner that will enhance the quality and efficiency of health services. Use of this specification in conjunction with XML DTDs (extensible markup language document type definitions) and the EHR (electronic health records) would further enhance efficiency in time and cost. This specification applies across multiple healthcare settings in which healthcare documents are generated, such as hospitals, clinics, skilled nursing facilities, ambulatory care facilities, outpatient surgery centers, and private healthcare providers' offices.1.2 This specification addresses the headings, arrangement, and appearance of sections and subsections of healthcare documents, however generated (dictation/transcription, speech recognition, touch-screen entry, and so forth) and whether displayed electronically or on paper. It does not address the titles of healthcare documents or the content of sections and subsections.1.2.1 The author of a healthcare document may choose to summarize subsection information within a general section rather than creating subsections.1.3 The format and content of patient-identifying data are addressed in Guide E 1384.1.4 Issues of confidentiality and security are addressed in Guide E 1869, Guide E 1902, Guide E 1762, Guide E 1985, Guide E 1986, Guide E 1987, Guide E 1988, Specification E 2084, Guide E 2085, and Guide E 2086, as well as in Specification E 2147.1.5 Issues of XML DTDs are addressed in Specification E 2182 and Guide E 2183.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.1.2 There are other types of gowns that are used in healthcare settings, including: cover gowns, procedure gowns, comfort gowns, precaution gowns, and open-back gowns. All gowns not meeting the definition of isolation gown in 3.1.7 as defined by ANSI/AAMI PB70 are excluded from this standard.1.3 This specification does not address protective clothing used for surgical applications, such as surgical gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车