定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

5.1 No single set of test conditions can represent all climatic and use conditions, so this WVTR test method serves more to compare different materials at a stated set of conditions than to predict their actual performance in the field under any conditions.5.2 The water vapor transmission rate, under known and carefully controlled conditions, may be used to evaluate the vapor barrier qualities of a sheet. Direct correlation of values obtained under different conditions of test temperature and relative humidity will be valid provided the barrier material under test does not undergo changes in solid state (such as a crystalline transition or melting point) at or between the conditions of test.1.1 This test method covers dynamic evaluation of the rate of transfer of water vapor through a flexible barrier material and allows conversion to the generally recognized units of water vapor transmission (WVT) as obtained by various other test methods including the gravimetric method described in Test Methods E96/E96M.1.2 Limitations—This test method is limited to flexible barrier sheet materials composed of either completely hydrophobic materials, or combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials having at least one surface that is hydrophobic.1.3 The minimum test value obtained by this test method is limited by the leakage of water vapor past the clamping seals of the test instrument. A reasonable value may be approximately 0.01 g/24 h·m2 for any WVTR method including the desiccant procedure of Test Methods E96/E96M at 37.8 °C, and 90 % relative humidity. This limit can be checked for each instrument with an impervious specimen such as aluminum foil. Calibration procedures can compensate for the leakage rate if so stated.1.4 This test method is not suitable for referee testing at this time, but is suitable for control testing and material comparison.1.5 Several other ASTM test methods are available to test a similar property. This test method is unique in that it closely duplicates typical product storage where a transfer of moisture from a package into the environment is allowed to proceed without constantly sweeping the environmental side with dry gas. Methods with constantly swept dry sides include Test Methods F1249 and F3299.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The laboratory weathering procedure will generate data that can be used to: (1) determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent, (2) identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, (3) determine the mass of solute release, and (4) determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test.5.2 Data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives: (1) determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium+magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine-rock lithologies, (2) determine the amount of acid that can be neutralized by the sample while maintaining drainage pH ≥6.0 under the conditions of the test, (3) estimate mine-rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock, and (4) determine mine-rock weathering rates to aid in experimental design of site-specific kinetic tests.5.3 The laboratory weathering procedure provides conditions conducive to oxidation of solid material constituents and enhances the transport of weathering reaction products contained in the resulting weekly effluent. This is accomplished by controlling the exposure of the solid material sample to such environmental parameters as reaction environment temperature and application rate of water and oxygen.5.4 Because efficient removal of reaction products is vital to track mineral dissolution rates during the procedure, laboratory leach volumes are large per unit mass of rock to promote the rinsing of weathering reaction products from the mine-rock sample. A comparison of laboratory kinetic tests with field tests has shown that more reaction products from mineral dissolution are consistently released per unit weight and unit time in laboratory weathering tests (9). For example, sulfate release rates observed in laboratory tests of metal-mine rock have been reported to be 3 to 8 times those for small-scale field test piles of Duluth Complex rock (10), and from 2 to 20 times those for small-scale field test piles of Archean greenstone rock (11). A greater increase is anticipated when laboratory rates are compared with field rates measured from operational waste-rock piles.5.5 Fundamental assumptions governing Options A and B of the procedure:5.5.1 Option A—An excess amount of air pumped up through the sample during the dry- and wet-air portions of the weekly cycle reduces the potential for oxidation reaction rates being limited by low-oxygen concentrations. Weekly leaches with low-ionic-strength water promote the removal of leachable mineral dissolution products produced from the previous week's weathering cycle. The purpose of the three-day dry-air portion of the weekly cycle is to evaporate some of the water that remains in the pores of the sample after the weekly leach without totally drying out the sample. Consequently, sample saturation is reduced and air flow is enhanced. During the dry-air portion of the cycle, the oxygen diffusion rate through the sample may increase several orders of magnitude as compared to its diffusion rate under more saturated conditions of the leach. This increase in the diffusion rate under near-dryness conditions helps promote the oxidation of such constituents as iron sulfide. Additionally, evaporation from the three days of dry air increases pore water cation/anion concentrations and may also cause increased acidity (for example, by increasing the concentration of hydrogen ion generated from previously oxidized iron sulfide). Increased acid generation will enhance the dissolution of additional sample constituents. As evaporation continues, the remaining water may become oversaturated with respect to some mineral phases, consequently causing them to precipitate. Some precipitated minerals are potential sources of acidity when re-dissolved (for example, melanterite, FeSO4·7H2O; and jarosite, K2Fe6(OH)12(SO4)4). Compared to the three days of dry air where the pore-water mass decreases over time, the wet (saturated)-air portion of the weekly cycle helps maintain a relatively constant mass of pore water in the sample (12). This may help promote some diffusion of weathering products (for example, re-dissolved precipitation products) in the remaining pore water without totally saturating the sample and adversely affecting oxygen diffusion.NOTE 1: Under idealized conditions (that is, infinite dilution in air and water), published oxygen diffusion rates in air are five orders of magnitude greater than in water (0.178 cm2 s–1 versus 2.5 × 10–5 cm2·s–1 at 0 and 25 °C, respectively) (13).5.5.2 Option B—In contrast to Option A, Option B protocol does not include dry air or wet air introduction to the humidity cells during the weekly cycle. Instead, Option B requires that temperature and relative humidity be maintained within a constant range by storing the cells in an environmentally controlled enclosure during the six days following the weekly 500- or 1000-mL leach. Consequently, oxygen is delivered to the cells by diffusion (and possibly advection) of ambient air, rather than by pumping. Because it lacks a dry-air cycle, more interstitial water is retained in the Option B sample than in the Option A sample during the weekly cycle. Furthermore, the interstitial water content for Option B is more constant than that in Option A during the weekly dry-air cycle. In addition, the interstitial water content for Option B is less variable over the course of testing than that in Option A (14).5.6 This test method has been conducted on metal-mine wastes to classify their tendencies to produce acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent, and to measure the concentrations of selected inorganic components leached from the waste (2, 3, 14-16).NOTE 2: Interlaboratory testing of this method to date has been confined to mine waste rock. The method has not been tested for applicability to metallurgical processing waste. Although the method has been applied by some practitioners to finely ground metallurgical processing wastes such as mill tailings, those materials were not included in the interlaboratory testing of the method. Consequently, modifications of this method might be necessary to deal with problems associated with finely ground materials, which would make this method as written inappropriate for kinetic testing of finely ground materials. For kinetic testing of finely ground materials, please refer to the biological acid production potential method in the appendix of Test Methods E1915 or other kinetic methods accepted by the regulatory jurisdiction.5.7 The following are examples of parameters for which the scheduled weekly, semi-monthly, or monthly collected effluent may be analyzed (see 11.5.2 for suggested effluent collection frequency):5.7.1 pH, Eh (oxidation/reduction potential), and conductivity (see Test Methods D1293, D1498, and D1125, respectively, for guidance);5.7.2 Alkalinity/acidity values (see Test Methods D1067 for guidance);5.7.3 Cation and anion concentrations;5.7.4 Metals and trace metals concentrations.5.8 An assumption used in this test method is that the pH of each of the leachates reflects the progressive interaction of the interstitial water with the acid-generating or acid-neutralizing capacity, or both, of the solid material under specified laboratory conditions.5.9 This test method produces leachates that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. It is important that precautions be taken in sample collection, filtration, preservation, storage, and handling to prevent possible contamination of the samples or alteration of the concentrations of constituents through sorption or precipitation.5.10 The leaching technique, rate of leach water addition, liquid-to-solid ratio, and apparatus size may not be suitable for all types of solid material.5.11 Notable differences have been observed between Option A and Option B protocols:5.11.1 Water retention in the solid material sample between weekly leaches is more variable for Option A than in Option B; for Option A, standard deviations from the mean water retention can range from 20 to 60 % of the mean value; comparable values for Option B have been reported at less than 9 % (14).5.11.2 Greater water retention in Option B cells may favor dissolution of, and consequent acid neutralization by, magnesium-bearing minerals; increased retention may facilitate transport of acidic reaction products from iron-sulfide minerals to magnesium-bearing minerals (14).5.11.3 Comparisons of sulfate mass release from the same sample subjected to Option A and Option B protocols indicate no significant difference in sulfate concentration as a result of water-retention variation between protocols (14). This suggests the increased water retention of Option B does not limit oxygen diffusion to the extent that sulfide mineral oxidation rates are reduced (14). However, samples containing greater than 7 % sulfur have not as yet been subjected to comparable Option A and Option B protocol studies.NOTE 3: Examples of products from the test include the following: (1) effluent pH, acidity/alkalinity, and specific conductance; (2) cumulative mass release of individual solutes; and (3) release rates for individual solutes (for example, the average release of μg sulfate/g of solid material sample/week). The dissolution time required for depletion of estimated NP and the subsequent duration of acid generation can be estimated using the values generated in items (2) and (3) above (15).1.1 This kinetic test method covers a laboratory weathering procedure that (1) enhances reaction-product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass, and (2) measures rates of weathering-product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfate, and other selected analytes.1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for mining waste rock and ores sized to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to metallurgical processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is outside the scope of the test method.1.2 This test method is a modification of a laboratory weathering procedure developed originally for mining wastes (1-3).2 However, it may have useful application wherever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are important mechanisms for contaminant mobility.1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a well-characterized solid material sample (weighing at least 1000 g) with water of specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate. Test duration is determined by the user’s objectives of the test. See Guide D8187.31.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined metals. These materials may be resistant to traditional particle size reduction methods.1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid material in the field or to produce leachates to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.1.7 This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions. Furthermore, the test is not designed to produce effluents that are in chemical equilibrium with the solid phase sample.1.8 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing the laboratory weathering of solid materials. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 These test methods calibrate or demonstrate conformity of the humidity level in a purge gas generated by a humidity generator at a fixed temperature. Such calibration or demonstration of conformity may be required by quality initiatives.5.2 Conformance demonstrates that the humidified purge gas is within some established limits.5.3 Calibration provides an offset and or slope value that may be used for establishing the relative humidity scale of the apparatus.1.1 These test methods describe the humidity calibration (or conformance) of humidity generators for use with thermogravimetric analyzers and other thermal analysis apparatus. The humidity range covered is 5 % relative humidity (% RH) to 95 % RH and the temperature range is 0 °C to 80 °C.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 O2GTR at a given temperature and %RH is an important determinant of the packaging protection afforded by barrier materials. It is not, however the sole determinant, and additional tests, based on experience, must be used to correlate packaging performance with O2GTR. It is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions and acceptance criteria.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the rate of transmission of oxygen gas, at steady-state, at a given temperature and %RH level, through film, sheeting, laminates, co-extrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. This test method extends the common practice dealing with zero humidity or, at best, an assumed humidity. Humidity plays an important role in the oxygen gas transmission rate (O2GTR) of many materials. This test method provides for the determination of oxygen gas transmission rate (O2GTR), the permeance of the film to oxygen gas (PO2), the permeation coefficient of the film to its thickness (P”O2), and oxygen permeability coefficient (PʹO2) in the case of homogeneous materials at given temperature and %RH level(s).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The useful life of photovoltaic modules may depend on their ability to withstand repeated temperature cycling with varying amounts of moisture in the air. These test methods provide procedures for simulating the effects of cyclic temperature and humidity environments. An extended duration damp heat procedure is provided to simulate the effects of long term exposure to high humidity.4.2 The durations of the individual environmental tests are specified by use of this test method; however, commonly used durations are 50 and 200 thermal cycles, 10 humidity-freeze cycles, and 1000 h of damp heat exposure, as specified by module qualification standards such as IEC 61215 and IEC 61646. Longer durations can also be specified for extended duration module stress testing.4.3 Mounting—Test modules are mounted so that they are electrically isolated from each other, and in such a manner to allow free air circulation around the front and back surfaces of the modules.4.4 Current Biasing: 4.4.1 During the thermal cycling procedure, test modules are operated without illumination and with a forward-bias current equal to the maximum power point current at standard reporting conditions (SRC, see Test Methods E1036) flowing through the module circuitry.4.4.2 The current biasing is intended to stress the module interconnections and solder bonds in ways similar to those that are believed to be responsible for fill-factor degradation in field-deployed modules.4.5 Effects of Test Procedures—Data generated using these test methods may be used to evaluate and compare the effects of simulated environment on test specimens. These test methods require determination of both visible effects and electrical performance effects.4.5.1 Effects on modules may vary from none to significant changes. Some physical changes in the module may be visible when there are no apparent electrical changes in the module. Similarly, electrical changes may occur with no visible changes in the module.4.5.2 All conditions of measurement, effects of cycling, and any deviations from this test method must be described in the report so that an assessment of their significance can be made.4.6 Sequencing—If these test methods are performed as part of a combined sequence with other environmental or non-environmental tests, the results of the final electrical tests (6.2) and visual inspection (6.3) determined at the end of one test may be used as the initial electrical tests and visual inspection for the next test; duplication of these tests is not necessary unless so specified.1.1 These test methods provide procedures for stressing photovoltaic modules in simulated temperature and humidity environments. Environmental testing is used to simulate aging of module materials on an accelerated basis.1.2 Three individual environmental test procedures are defined by these test methods: a thermal cycling procedure, a humidity-freeze cycling procedure, and an extended duration damp heat procedure. Electrical biasing is utilized during the thermal cycling procedure to simulate stresses that are known to occur in field-deployed modules.1.3 These test methods define mounting methods for modules undergoing environmental testing, and specify parameters that must be recorded and reported.1.4 These test methods do not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of these test methods.1.5 Any of the individual environmental tests may be performed singly, or may be combined into a test sequence with other environmental or non-environmental tests, or both. Certain pre-conditioning tests such as annealing or light soaking may also be necessary or desirable as part of such a sequence. The determination of any such sequencing and pre-conditioning is beyond the scope of this test method.1.6 These test procedures are limited in duration and therefore the results of these tests cannot be used to determine photovoltaic module lifetimes.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used for measuring the relative abilities of metal preservatives to prevent the rusting of steel panels under conditions of high humidity. It should not be relied upon to predict the effectiveness of a metal preservative in which high humidity is not the principal factor in the rusting.4.2 Comparisons made by this test method should normally be limited to similar metal preservative combinations designed for similar applications. The test life required for each type of metal preservative and for each intended application should be based on actual experience with that type of preservative in the intended service.4.3 Since the precision of the test method appears to be less than desired, a number of repeat tests may be necessary to establish the test life of a given metal preservative, and repeat tests by this test method in more than one cabinet are sometimes desirable.4.4 The data obtained from this accelerated test is of interest only in eliminating the most unsuitable materials or for indicating a probable relative order of protection against rust under conditions of high humidity. This test method does not prescribe the exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the rust-preventive properties of metal preservatives under conditions of high humidity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where the test apparatus or consumable parts are only available in other units. In such cases these will be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Use of HCT Data and Testing Objectives—The laboratory weathering test method (D5744) generates data that can be used to:4.1.1 Determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent;4.1.2 Identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, and inform the user of their potential to produce environmental impacts at a mining or metallurgical processing site under proposed operating conditions;4.1.3 Determine the mass of solute release; and4.1.4 Determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test for comparison to other materials.4.1.5 These approaches are based on the existence of detailed mineralogical work and static tests that provide a basis for interpreting HCT results.4.1.6 Detailed mineralogical work might lead a reviewer to suspect either acid neutralization potential (ANP) or acid generation potential (AGP) minerals have questionable availability, which would be a significant factor in interpreting HCT results and decisions concerning test duration.4.2 Interpretation of data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives:4.2.1 Determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium plus magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine rock lithologies;4.2.2 Determine the amount of acid that can be neutralized by the sample while maintaining a drainage pH of ≥6.0 under the conditions of the test;4.2.3 Estimate mine rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock; and4.2.4 Determine mine rock weathering rates to aid in experimental design of site-specific kinetic tests.4.3 Interpretation Approaches—Guides A, B, and C are intended as examples of what to consider in developing an approach for determining how reasonable objectives for humidity cells might be structured, and some possible criteria for cooperative management of HCTs involving stakeholders.4.3.1 It is also possible to use an approach to establish a decision point, rather than an end point, to the humidity cell test during the planning stage. Guides A, B, and C are examples of techniques and associated criteria comprising some approaches to help interpret data generated by humidity cell tests. Decision points can be established during the planning stage to allow stakeholders an opportunity to review the results and decide if additional weathering cycles are needed to meet the objectives of the testing.4.3.2 Continuation of the HCT beyond the decision point may or may not provide important information regarding the acceleration or deceleration of oxidation and metal leaching in the material being tested.4.3.3 More detailed leachate information from a longer HCT may be critical information for designing waste management or water treatment facilities as accounted for in an AMP, but an agreed-upon endpoint of test objectives would allow for a decision that advances mine planning and permitting.4.3.4 The laboratory weathering procedure provides conditions conducive to oxidation of solid material constituents and enhances the transport of weathering reaction products contained in the resulting weekly effluent. This is accomplished by controlling the exposure of the solid material sample to such environmental parameters as reaction environment temperature and application rate of water and oxygen.4.3.5 Because efficient removal of reaction products is vital to track mineral dissolution rates during the procedure, laboratory leach volumes are large per unit mass of rock to promote the rinsing of weathering reaction products from the mine rock sample. Interpretation of laboratory kinetic tests by comparison with field tests has shown that more reaction products from mineral dissolution are consistently released per unit weight and unit time in laboratory weathering tests (2). For example, sulfate release rates observed in laboratory tests of metal mine rock have been reported to be three to eight times those for small-scale field test piles of Duluth complex rock (3), and from two to 20 times those for small-scale field test piles of Archean greenstone rock (4). A greater increase is anticipated when laboratory rates are compared with field rates measured from operational waste rock piles.4.4 In some cases, it may be useful to establish criteria for a decision to end the weathering cycles for a particular cell based on HCT results but still continue to maintain the HCT test weathering cycles for a longer duration.4.4.1 In other cases, it might be useful to have duplicate HCTs and use one as a basis for a decision point and subsequent destructive evaluation of reaction products.4.4.1.1 The duplicate cell could be maintained to confirm the basis for the decision and be used to update the AMP and financial guarantee, if necessary.4.4.2 This approach supports a decision concerning mine waste management and planning, including an AMP.4.4.3 This approach does not necessarily resolve the need for accurate prediction of long-term metal leaching and drainage quality, but is recommended as a tool for making decisions on how to conduct testing with the objective of determining how ore and waste will be handled and monitored, and the potential level of risk involved in related decisions for specific sites and materials.4.5 Continuing HCT weathering cycles for an extended period of time may also provide a higher level of certainty.4.6 Depending on the site-specific resources at risk and behavior of waste materials, an extended HCT weathering cycle duration may be an important consideration for stakeholder groups to use in evaluating HCTs.4.7 As a mine typically involves very large quantities of waste rock, which will be leached by at least some amount of incident precipitation for extended times, ongoing monitoring of waste facility performance, including any produced effluent or leachate, is almost always required as a condition of permit approval.4.8 Performance monitoring of permitted facilities can be a critical element in the development of a humidity cell performance database, as well as support for the evolving HCT weathering cycle duration criteria and approach proposed here.4.9 A humidity cell performance database could be developed in a standard format to allow comparison of laboratory weathering results with drainage from field waste facility performance, based on publicly available information.4.9.1 A model approach with possible objectives and criteria are presented below as examples to help interpret HCT results.4.10 Variations in specific approach requirements and criteria (% sulfur, sulfide sulfur, carbonate, pH, sulfate release, etc.) will depend on the site-specific objectives, deposit mineralogy, and characterization, including various static test results and management plans agreed upon by stakeholders.4.10.1 Regardless of the site-specific stakeholder objectives, instability in metal release rates should strongly suggest continuation of weathering cycle testing.4.10.2 Regardless of the decision process followed, the ultimate responsibility for the permitting decision lies with the permitting agency(s), and the ultimate environmental liability and operating responsibility lies with the mining company.4.11 These approaches are suggested as a model to be used by the involved stakeholders for their determination of when it is appropriate to schedule and extend HCT weathering cycles and how to treat the residues.4.12 The specific parameters (sulfur, CaCO3, SO4–2 release rates, metal release rates, etc.) involved will likely vary depending on site-specific factors, which could include the lithology, petrology and mineralogy, climate, regulatory approach, environmental risk for the units, and ore deposit type being evaluated.4.13 The criteria selected for management of the duration of HCTs should rely on a combination of parameters, as any criteria based on a single parameter value like % sulfur will not be reliable (5).4.14 The values in the approaches presented are chosen only as examples, and actual cell management criteria are intended to be reviewed and agreed upon by the stakeholders, on a site-specific basis.4.15 The specific parameters and values selected might vary considerably depending on site-specific factors, which might include environmental risk. It is up to the stakeholders to modify and use this approach to develop objectives which meet the specific requirements at their site and to use their modifications to reach a consensus on test duration.4.16 The following decision criteria (sulfide sulfur quantitative limit, sulfate release rates, pH, and steady state duration) must be developed on a site/project-specific basis based on considerations including site-specific lithology, mineralogy, trace metal characteristics, and potential environmental risks. The values given in the following guides are merely example criteria; it is up to the stakeholders to manage their own criteria.1.1 This kinetic test guide covers interpretation and cooperative management of a standard laboratory weathering procedure, Test Method D5744. The guide suggests strategies for analysis and interpretation of data produced by Test Method D5744 on mining waste rock, metallurgical processing wastes, and ores.1.1.1 Cooperative management of the testing involves agreement of stakeholders in defining the objectives of the testing, analytical requirements, planning the initial estimate of duration of the testing, and discussion of the results at decision points to determine if the testing period needs to be extended and the disposition of the residues.1.2 The humidity cell test (HCT) enhances reaction product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass. Standard conditions allow comparison of the relative reactivity of materials during interpretation of results.1.3 The HCT measures rates of weathering product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfates, and other selected analytes which may be regulated in the environmental drainage at a particular mining or metallurgical processing site.1.4 This guide covers the interpretation of standard humidity cell tests conducted to obtain results for the following objectives:Guide and Objective Sections     A – Confirmation of Static Testing Results 5 – 6     B – Evaluation of Reactivity and Leachate Quality            for Segregating Mine, Processing Waste, or            Ore 7 – 8     C – Evaluation of Quality of Neutralization            Potential Available to React with Produced            Acid 9 – 10   1.5 This guide is intended to facilitate use of Test Method D5744 to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for metallurgical processing products, mining waste rock, and ores sized to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.1.5.1 Interpretation of standard humidity cell test results has been found to be useful for segregation of ore and waste and design of proper stockpiling and disposal facilities.1.6 Interlaboratory testing of the standard D5744 humidity cell has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this guide to metallurgical processing waste (for example, mill process tailings) is not supported by interlaboratory test data. Method B of Test Method D5744, however, has been found useful for testing of metallurgical products, and this guide is also useful for interpretation of those results (1).21.7 This guide is intended to describe various procedures for interpreting the results from standard laboratory weathering of solid materials in accordance with Test Method D5744. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application, nor all procedures for interpretation of results.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.1.8.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This specification is intended to provide information on the properties of adhesives, and the test methods required to evaluate adhesives to be used in the production bonding of aluminum alloys to foam core materials for the manufacture of tactical shelters.AbstractThis specification covers two-part adhesives for bonding aluminum alloy facing to foam core, inserts, edge attachments, and other components of a Type II foam cored sandwich panels. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand long-term exposure at specified temperatures, and different combinations of stress, temperature, and humidity expected to be encountered in service. The adhesive may be used for new production or depot maintenance. The adhesive shall be a two-part thermosetting epoxy paste containing no asbestos and, when tested, shall meet the following physical and mechanical property requirements: curing time, temperature, and pressure; mix ratio; storage life; adhesive life; room-, low-, and high-temperature shear; hot humidity exposure shear; and room-temperature salt spray exposure shear.1.1 This specification covers two-part adhesives for bonding foam core sandwich panels. The adhesive may be used for new production or depot maintenance. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand long-term exposure to temperatures from −55 °C  to 93 °C  (−67 °F to 200 °F) and also withstand combinations of stress, temperature, and humidity expected to be encountered in service. The adhesives shall be used for bonding aluminum alloy facing to foam core, inserts, internal aluminum framing members, and other components of a foam cored sandwich panel.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard where only SI units are given or where SI units are given first followed by inch-pound units; where inch-pound units are given first followed by SI units, the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This specification is intended to provide information on the properties of adhesives, and the test methods required to evaluate adhesives to be used in the production bonding of aluminum alloys to foam core materials for the manufacture of tactical shelters.AbstractThis specification covers two-part paste adhesives for bonding foam core sandwich panels. The adhesive may be used for new production or depot maintenance. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand long-term exposure to temperatures, and also withstand combinations of stress, temperature, and humidity. The adhesives shall be used for bonding aluminum alloy facing to foam core, inserts, edge attachments, and other components of a foam cored sandwich panel. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the material requirements, working characteristics; and to the specified values of curing time, temperature, and pressure; mix ratio, storage life, adhesive life, humidity exposure, and salt spray exposure.1.1 This specification covers two-part paste adhesives for bonding foam core sandwich panels. The adhesive may be used for new production or depot maintenance. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand long term exposure to temperatures from −55 °C to 71 °C (−67 °F to 160 °F) and also withstand combinations of stress, temperature, and humidity expected to be encountered in service. The adhesives shall be used for bonding aluminum alloy facing to foam core, inserts, internal aluminum framing members, and other components of a foam cored sandwich panel.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard where only SI units are given or where SI units are given first followed by inch-pound units; where inch-pound units are given first followed by SI units, the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Controlled relative humidity environments are important for conditioning materials for shelf-life studies or for investigating the change in physical or dielectric properties after exposure.4.2 The use of aqueous-glycerin solutions reduces the possibility of contamination of the materials or corrosion of electrode systems which would be more likely to result from saturated salt or acid water solutions.4.3 Applicable material specifications shall state the exposure conditions, including time, temperature and relative humidity that a material is to be subjected to before subsequent testing. Typical conditions are given in Practice D618 or D6054.1.1 This practice describes a method for obtaining constant relative humidity ranging from 30 to 98 % at temperatures ranging from 0 to 70°C in relatively small containers by means of an aqueous glycerin solution.1.2 This practice is applicable for closed systems such as environmental conditioning containers.1.3 This practice is not recommended for the generation of continuous (flowing) streams of constant humidity unless precautionary criteria are followed to ensure source stability.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method affords a means of estimating the inherent moisture of either coal that is wet and shows visible surface moisture or coal that may have lost some moisture. It may be used for estimating the surface, or extraneous moisture of wet coal, such moisture being the difference between the total moisture as determined by Test Method D3302 and the equilibrium moisture.3.2 When samples are collected in conformity with Classification D388, the equilibrium moisture is considered to be equal to bed moisture with the exception of some low rank coals that yield equilibrium moisture values below bed moisture.3.3 The results obtained by this test method are sensitive to many influences, and therefore, raw (uncorrected) equilibrium moisture data may be of limited value in and of themselves. When working with low rank coals, the results yielded by this test method require critical assessments. It is recommended that the procedure outlined in the Appendix X1 be applied, and the results corrected before use in situations where a more reliable estimation inherent or bed moisture for low rank coals is required. The Appendix also provides useful quality assurance information which is applicable to coals of all ranks.1.1 This test method covers determination of the equilibrium moisture of coal in an atmosphere over a saturated solution of potassium sulfate at 30 °C.NOTE 1: For information concerning the experimental work on which this test method is based, see (1-5).21.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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