This specification covers steel sheet, complex phase grade, dual phase grade, and transformation induced plasticity grade, zinc-coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip process in coils and cut lengths. The product is produced in various zinc or zinc-iron alloy-coating masses or coating designations. Zinc-coated or zinc-iron alloy-coated sheet in coils and cut lengths is produced to thickness requirements expressed to 0.01 mm. The thickness of the sheet includes both the base metal and the coating. Mechanical property tests shall be conducted in accordance with the methods specified in Specification A924/A924M, or those prescribed by the purchaser. Coating mass tests shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of Speci?cation A924/A924M.1.1 This specification covers steel sheet, complex phase (CP) grade, dual phase (DP) grade, and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) grade, zinc-coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip process in coils and cut lengths.1.2 The product is produced in various zinc or zinc-iron alloy-coating masses or coating designations as shown in Table 1.1.3 Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the latest issue of Specification A924/A924M, unless otherwise provided herein.1.4 The product is available in a number of designations and grades with mandatory chemical requirements and mandatory mechanical properties that are achieved through thermal or thermal-mechanical treatments, and are designed to be compatible with automotive application requirements.1.5 The grade designation nomenclature of the product differs from other hot-dip sheet products having mandatory mechanical properties in that ordering is to tensile, rather than yield strength values.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice was written primarily to guide test participants in establishing, identifying, maintaining, and using suitable environments for conducting high quality neutron tests. Its development was motivated, in large measure, because inadequate controls in the neutron-effects-test process have, in some past instances, resulted in exposures that have differed by factors of three or more from irradiation specifications. A radiation test environment generally differs from the environment in which the electronics must operate (the operational environment); therefore, a high quality test requires not only the use of a suitable radiation environment, but also control and compensation for contributions to damage that differ from those in the operational environment. In general, the responsibility for identifying suitable test environments to accomplish test objectives lies with the sponsor/user/tester and test specialist part of the team, with the assistance of an independent validator, if available. The responsibility for the establishment and maintenance of suitable environments lies with the facility operator/dosimetrist and test specialist, again with the possible assistance of an independent validator. Additional guidance on the selection of an irradiation facility is provided in Practice F1190.4.2 This practice identifies the tasks that must be accomplished to ensure a successful high quality test. It is the overall responsibility of the sponsor or user to ensure that all of the required tasks are complete and conditions are met. Other participants provide appropriate documentation to enable the sponsor or user to make that determination.4.3 The principal determinants of a properly conducted test are: (1) the radiation test environment shall be well characterized, controlled, and correlated with the specified irradiation levels; (2) damage produced in the electronic materials and devices is caused by the desired, specified component of the environment and can be reproduced at any other suitable facility; and (3) the damage corresponding to the specification level derived from radiation environments in which the electronics must operate can be predicted from the damage produced by the test environment. In order to ensure that these requirements are met, system developers, procurers, users, facility operators, and test personnel must collectively meet all of the essential requirements and effectively communicate to each other the tasks that must be accomplished and the conditions that must be met. Criteria for determining and maintaining the suitability of neutron radiation environments for 1-MeV equivalent displacement damage testing of electronics parts are presented in Section 5. Mandatory requirements for test consistency in neutron displacement damage testing of electronic parts are presented in Section 5. Additional background material on neutron testing and important considerations for gamma dose and dose rate effects are presented in (non-mandatory) Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, but compliance is not required.4.4 Some neutron tests are performed with a specific end application for the electronics in mind. Others are performed merely to ensure that a 1-MeV-equivalent-displacement-damage-specification level is met. The issues and controls presented in this practice are necessary and sufficient to ensure consistency in the latter case. They are necessary, but may not be sufficient, when the objective is to determine device performance in an operational environment. In either case, a corollary consistency requirement is that test results obtained at a suitable facility can be replicated within suitable precision at any other suitable facility.4.4.1 An objective of radiation effects testing of electronic devices is often to predict device performance in operational environments from the data that is obtained in the test environments. If the operational and test environments differ materially from each other, then damage equivalence methodologies are required in order to make the required correspondences. This process is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The part of the process (A, in Fig. 1) that establishes the operational neutron environments required to select the appropriate 1-MeV-equivalent specification level, or levels, is beyond the scope of this practice. However, if a neutron spectrum is used to set a 1 MeV equivalent fluence specification level, it is important that the process (B, in Fig. 1) be consistent with this practice. Damage equivalence methodologies must address all of the important contributors to damage in the operational and test environments or the objectives of the test may not be met. In the mixed neutron-gamma radiation fields produced by nuclear reactors, most of the permanent damage in solid-state semiconductor devices results from displacement damage produced by fast neutrons through primary knock-on atoms and their associated damage cascades. The same damage functions must be used by all test participants to ensure damage equivalence. Damage functions for silicon and gallium arsenide are provided in the current edition of Practice E722 (see Note 1). At present, no damage equivalence methodologies for neutron displacement damage have been developed and validated for semiconductors other than silicon and gallium arsenide.FIG. 1 Process for Damage EquivalenceNOTE 1: When comparing test specifications and test results from data obtained in historical tests, it may be necessary to adjust specifications and test data to account for changes in damage functions which have evolved through the years as more accurate and reliable damage functions have become available.4.4.2 If a 1-MeV equivalent neutron fluence specification, or a neutron spectrum, is provided, the damage equivalence methodology, shown schematically in Fig. 1, is used to ensure that the correct neutron fluence is provided and that the damage in devices placed in the exposure position correlates with the displacement energy from the neutrons at that location.1.1 This practice sets forth requirements to ensure consistency in neutron-induced displacement damage testing of silicon and gallium arsenide electronic piece parts. This requires controls on facility, dosimetry, tester, and communications processes that affect the accuracy and reproducibility of these tests. It provides background information on the technical basis for the requirements and additional recommendations on neutron testing.1.2 Methods are presented for ensuring and validating consistency in neutron displacement damage testing of electronic parts such as integrated circuits, transistors, and diodes. The issues identified and the controls set forth in this practice address the characterization and suitability of the radiation environments. They generally apply to reactor sources, accelerator-based neutron sources, such as 14-MeV DT sources, and 252Cf sources. Facility and environment characteristics that introduce complications or problems are identified, and recommendations are offered to recognize, minimize or eliminate these problems. This practice may be used by facility users, test personnel, facility operators, and independent process validators to determine the suitability of a specific environment within a facility and of the testing process as a whole. Electrical measurements are addressed in other standards, such as Guide F980. Additional information on conducting irradiations can be found in Practices E798 and F1190. This practice also may be of use to test sponsors (organizations that establish test specifications or otherwise have a vested interest in the performance of electronics in neutron environments).1.3 Methods for the evaluation and control of undesired contributions to damage are discussed in this practice. References to relevant ASTM standards and technical reports are provided. Processes and methods used to arrive at the appropriate test environments and specification levels for electronics systems are beyond the scope of this practice; however, the process for determining the 1-MeV equivalent displacement specifications from operational environment neutron spectra should employ the methods and parameters described herein. Some important considerations and recommendations are addressed in Appendix X1 (Nonmandatory information).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is one of those required to determine if the presence of a medical device may cause injury to individuals during an MR examination or in the MR environment. Other safety issues which should be addressed include, but may not be limited to: magnetically induced torque (see Test Method F2213) and radiofrequency (RF) heating (see Test Method F2182). The terms and icons in Practice F2503 should be used to mark the device for safety in the magnetic resonance environment.5.2 If the maximum magnetically induced displacement force for the specified magnetic field conditions (see Appendix X3) is less than the force on the device due to gravity (its weight), it is assumed that any risk imposed by the application of the magnetically induced force is no greater than any risk imposed by normal daily activity in the Earth’s gravitational field. This statement does not constitute an acceptance criterion; it is provided as a conservative reference point. It is possible that a greater magnetically induced displacement force can be acceptable and would not harm a patient or other individual in a specific case.NOTE 2: For instance, in the case of an implanted device that is or could be subjected to a magnetic displacement force greater than the force due to gravity, the location of the implant, surrounding tissue properties, and means of fixation within the body may be considered. For a non-implanted device with a magnetically induced force greater than the gravitational force, consideration should be given to mitigate the projectile risk which may include fixing or tethering the device or excluding it from the MR environment so that it does not become a projectile.5.3 The maximum static magnetic field strength and spatial field gradient vary for different MR systems. Appendix X3 provides guidance for calculating the allowable static magnetic field strength and spatial field gradient.5.4 This test method alone is not sufficient for determining if a device is safe in the MR environment.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the magnetically induced displacement force produced by static magnetic field gradients (spatial field gradient) on medical devices and the comparison of that force to the weight of the medical device.1.2 This test method does not address other possible safety issues which include, but are not limited to: issues of magnetically induced torque, radiofrequency (RF) heating, induced heating, acoustic noise, interaction among devices, and the functionality of the device and the magnetic resonance (MR) system.1.3 This test method is intended for devices that can be suspended from a string. Devices which cannot be suspended from a string are not covered by this test method. The weight of the string from which the device is suspended during the test must be less than 1 % of the weight of the tested device.1.4 This test method shall be carried out in a horizontal bore MR system with a static magnetic field oriented horizontally and parallel to the MR system bore.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method utilizes large-scale testing equipment and procedures established at a variety of testing laboratories over the last 30 years.5.2 This method is useful in evaluating ECPs and their installation to reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations when exposed to defined rainfall conditions and improving water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by reducing suspended solids and turbidity.5.3 This test method is a performance test, but can also be used for acceptance testing to determine product conformance to project specifications. For project-specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be considered. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete at this time, and differences in soil and other environmental and geotechnical conditions may affect ECP performance.5.4 This standard can also be used as a comparative tool for evaluating the erosion control characteristics of different ECPs and can also be used to gain agency approvals.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-induced erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The standard slopes range from 2.5:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having target rainfall intensities between 4.0 and 5.0 in./h [100 and 125 mm/h].1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening and detachment through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap soil particles beneath the ECP. When comparing data from different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the test conditions the same for the ECPs being evaluated, for example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a comparative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions. This test method can provide information about a product that is under consideration for a specific application where no performance information currently exists.1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a runoff collection procedure. This test is typically performed indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain requirements are met. Partially enclosed facilities are acceptable providing the environmental conditions are met.1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.5.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5.3 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either gravitational inch-pound or SI. Other units are permissible provided appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similar significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The thermal strain measurements allow for the calculation of the coefficient of axial thermal contraction, which can be directly used in the mechanistic-empirical pavement design methods.5.2 The thermal stress and strain measurements allow calculations of the modulus of asphalt mixture in the temperature domain.5.3 From modulus versus temperature and thermal stress versus temperature relationships the thermal viscoelastic and fracture properties are determined for asphalt mixtures.5.4 The derived modulus, thermal viscoelastic, and fracture properties may be used in evaluating the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This method of test is used to determine the thermal viscoelastic and thermal volumetric properties of field-cored or laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture specimens by measuring the thermally induced stress and strain while being cooled at a constant rate from an initial equilibrium temperature. The thermal stress and strain shall be measured using the uniaxial thermal stress and strain tester (UTSST).1.2 This standard test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt mixtures to measure thermal stress and strain and directly calculate: (1) the coefficient of axial thermal contraction, and (2) the modulus of asphalt mixture over a range of temperatures.1.3 The procedure described in this standard provides required information for estimation of thermal cracking susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. The procedure applies to test specimens having a maximum aggregate size of 19 mm or less.1.4 This standard can be used for conventional and nonconventional asphalt mixtures including but not limited to: hot asphalt mixtures, asphalt mixture with recycled materials, cold asphalt mixtures, warm asphalt mixtures, and neat or modified asphalt mixtures (for example, polymer or rubber-modified).1.5 This standard can be used to determine the following:1.5.1 Thermal stress buildup in asphalt mixture during a single cooling event.1.5.2 Thermal strain in asphalt mixtures as a function of temperature.1.5.3 Coefficient of axial thermal contraction.1.5.4 Modulus of asphalt mixture as a function of temperature.1.5.5 Thermal viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixture: viscous softening, viscous-glassy transition, glassy hardening, crack initiation, fracture temperature, and fracture stress.1.5.6 UTSST cracking resistance index (CRI).1.5.7 UTSST CRI adjusted for environmental condition (CRIEnv).1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification is intended for cold-rolled, complex phase (CP) grade, dual phase (DP) grade, and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) grade steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. Cold-rolled steel sheet is supplied for either exposed or unexposed applications, and specified either ”temper rolled” or ”annealed last” in the case of the latter category. The specification covers ordering information necessary to describe the required material, as well as the material's chemical composition, mechanical properties, finish and appearance, and dimensions and permissible variations. Retests and disposition of non-conforming material are also addressed.1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled, complex phase (CP) grade, dual phase (DP) grade, and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) grade steel sheet in coils and cut lengths.1.2 Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the latest issue of Specification A568/A568M, unless otherwise provided herein.1.3 The product is available in a number of designations and grades with mandatory chemical requirements and mandatory mechanical properties that are achieved through thermal or thermal-mechanical treatments, and are designed to be compatible with automotive application requirements.1.4 The grade designation nomenclature of the product differs from other cold-rolled sheet products having mandatory mechanical properties in that ordering is to tensile, rather than yield strength values.1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Many modern integrated circuits, power transistors, and other devices experience SEP when exposed to cosmic rays in interplanetary space, in satellite orbits or during a short passage through trapped radiation belts. It is essential to be able to predict the SEP rate for a specific environment in order to establish proper techniques to counter the effects of such upsets in proposed systems. As the technology moves toward higher density ICs, the problem is likely to become even more acute.5.2 This guide is intended to assist experimenters in performing ground tests to yield data enabling SEP predictions to be made.1.1 This guide defines the requirements and procedures for testing integrated circuits and other devices for the effects of single event phenomena (SEP) induced by irradiation with heavy ions having an atomic number Z ≥ 2. This description specifically excludes the effects of neutrons, protons, and other lighter particles that may induce SEP via another mechanism. SEP includes any manifestation of upset induced by a single ion strike, including soft errors (one or more simultaneous reversible bit flips), hard errors (irreversible bit flips), latchup (persistent high conducting state), transients induced in combinatorial devices which may introduce a soft error in nearby circuits, power field effect transistor (FET) burn-out and gate rupture. This test may be considered to be destructive because it often involves the removal of device lids prior to irradiation. Bit flips are usually associated with digital devices and latchup is usually confined to bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor, (CMOS) devices, but heavy ion induced SEP is also observed in combinatorial logic programmable read only memory, (PROMs), and certain linear devices that may respond to a heavy ion induced charge transient. Power transistors may be tested by the procedure called out in Method 1080 of MIL STD 750.1.2 The procedures described here can be used to simulate and predict SEP arising from the natural space environment, including galactic cosmic rays, planetary trapped ions, and solar flares. The techniques do not, however, simulate heavy ion beam effects proposed for military programs. The end product of the test is a plot of the SEP cross section (the number of upsets per unit fluence) as a function of ion LET (linear energy transfer or ionization deposited along the ion's path through the semiconductor). This data can be combined with the system's heavy ion environment to estimate a system upset rate.1.3 Although protons can cause SEP, they are not included in this guide. A separate guide addressing proton induced SEP is being considered.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Moisture degradation is frequently a significant factor that either limits the useful life of a building or necessitates costly repairs. Examples of moisture degradation include: (1) decay of wood-based materials, (2) spalling of masonry caused by freeze-thaw cycles, (3) damage to gypsum plasters by dissolution, (4) corrosion of metals, (5) damage due to expansion of materials or components (by swelling due to moisture pickup, or by expansion due to corrosion, hydration, or delayed ettringite formation), (6) spalling and degradation caused by salt migration, (7) failure of finishes, and (8) creep deformation and reduction in strength or stiffness.4.1.1 Moisture accumulation within construction components or constructions may adversely affect serviceability of a building, without necessarily causing immediate and serious degradation of the construction components. Examples of such serviceability issues are: (1) indoor air quality, (2) electrical safety, (3) degradation of thermal performance of insulations, and (4) decline in physical appearance. Mold or mildew growth can influence indoor air quality and physical appearance. With some components, in particular interior surface finishes, mold or mildew growth may limit service life of the component. Moisture conditions that affect serviceability issues can frequently be expected, unless corrected, to eventually result in degradation of the building or its components. This guide does not attempt however to address serviceability issues that could be corrected by cleaning and change in building operation, and that would not require repair or replacement of components to return the building (or portions or components of the building) to serviceability.4.2 Prevention of water-induced damage must be considered throughout the construction process including the various stages of the design process, construction, and building commissioning. It must also be considered in building operation and maintenance, and when the building is renovated, rehabilitated or undergoes a change in use.4.3 This guide is intended to alert designers and builders, and also building owners and managers, to potential damages that may be induced by water, regardless of its source. This guide discusses moisture sources and moisture migration. Limit states (or specific moisture conditions that are likely to impact construction or component durability) and design methods are also cursorily discussed. Examples of practices that enhance durability are listed and discussed, as are examples of constructions or circumstances to avoid. The examples listed are not all-inclusive. Lastly, field check lists are given. The checklists are not intended for use as is, but as guides for development of checklists which may vary with specific building designs and climates.1.1 This guide covers building design, construction, commissioning, operation, and maintenance.1.2 This guide addresses the need for systematic evaluation of factors that can result in moisture-induced damage to a building or its components. Although of great potential importance, serviceability issues which are often, but not necessarily, related to physical damage of the building or its components (for example, indoor air quality or electrical safety) are not directly addressed in this guide.1.3 The emphasis of this guide is on low-rise buildings. Portions of this guide; in particular Sections 5, 6, and 7; may also be applicable to high-rise buildings.1.4 This guide is not intended for direct use in codes and specifications. It does not attempt to prescribe acceptable limits of damage. Buildings intended for different uses may have different service life expectancies, and expected service lives of different components within a given building often differ. Furthermore, some building owners may be satisfied with substantially shorter service life expectancies of building components or of the entire building than other building owners. Lastly, the level of damage that renders a component unserviceable may vary with the type of component, the degree to which failure of the component is critical (for example, whether failure constitutes a life-safety hazard), and the judgement (that is, tolerance for damage) of the building owner. For the reasons stated in this paragraph, prescribing limits of damage would require listing many pages of exceptions and qualifiers and is beyond the scope of this guide.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1 Scope This section of International Standard IEC 1000-4 relates to the conducted immunity requirements of electrical and electronic equipment to electromagnetic disturbances coming from intended radio-frequency (RF) transmitters in the frequency ran

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4.1 Operation of commercial power reactors must conform to pressure-temperature limits during heatup and cooldown to prevent over-pressurization at temperatures that might cause non-ductile behavior in the presence of a flaw. Radiation damage to the reactor vessel is compensated for by adjusting the pressure-temperature limits to higher temperatures as the neutron damage accumulates. The present practice is to base that adjustment on the TTS produced by neutron irradiation as measured at the Charpy V-notch 41-J (30-ft·lbf) energy level. To establish pressure temperature operating limits during the operating life of the plant, a prediction of TTS must be made.4.1.1 In the absence of surveillance data for a given reactor material (see Practice E185 and E2215), the use of calculative procedures are necessary to make the prediction. Even when credible surveillance data are available, it will usually be necessary to interpolate or extrapolate the data to obtain a TTS for a specific time in the plant operating life. The embrittlement correlation presented herein has been developed for those purposes.4.2 Research has established that certain elements, notably copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), and manganese (Mn), cause a variation in radiation sensitivity of reactor pressure vessel steels. The importance of other elements, such as silicon (Si), and carbon (C), remains a subject of additional research. Copper, nickel, phosphorus, and manganese are the key chemistry parameters used in developing the calculative procedures described here.4.3 Only power reactor (PWR and BWR) surveillance data were used in the derivation of these procedures. The measure of fast neutron fluence used in the procedure is n/m2 (E > 1 MeV). Differences in fluence rate and neutron energy spectra experienced in power reactors and test reactors have not been accounted for in these procedures.1.1 This guide presents a method for predicting values of reference transition temperature shift (TTS) for irradiated pressure vessel materials. The method is based on the TTS exhibited by Charpy V-notch data at 41-J (30-ft·lbf) obtained from surveillance programs conducted in several countries for commercial pressurized (PWR) and boiling (BWR) light-water cooled (LWR) power reactors. An embrittlement correlation has been developed from a statistical analysis of the large surveillance database consisting of radiation-induced TTS and related information compiled and analyzed by Subcommittee E10.02. The details of the database and analysis are described in a separate report (ADJE090015-EA).2,3 This embrittlement correlation was developed using the variables copper, nickel, phosphorus, manganese, irradiation temperature, neutron fluence, and product form. Data ranges and conditions for these variables are listed in 1.1.1. Section 1.1.2 lists the materials included in the database and the domains of exposure variables that may influence TTS but are not used in the embrittlement correlation.1.1.1 The range of material and irradiation conditions in the database for variables used in the embrittlement correlation: 1.1.1.1 Copper content up to 0.4 %.1.1.1.2 Nickel content up to 1.7 %.1.1.1.3 Phosphorus content up to 0.03 %.1.1.1.4 Manganese content within the range from 0.55 to 2.0 %.1.1.1.5 Irradiation temperature within the range from 255 to 300°C (491 to 572°F).1.1.1.6 Neutron fluence within the range from 1 × 1021 n/m2 to 2 × 1024 n/m2 (E> 1 MeV).1.1.1.7 A categorical variable describing the product form (that is, weld, plate, forging).1.1.2 The range of material and irradiation conditions in the database for variables not included in the embrittlement correlation: 1.1.2.1 A533 Type B Class 1 and 2, A302 Grade B, A302 Grade B (modified), and A508 Class 2 and 3. Also, European and Japanese steel grades that are equivalent to these ASTM Grades.1.1.2.2 Submerged arc welds, shielded arc welds, and electroslag welds having compositions consistent with those of the welds used to join the base materials described in 1.1.2.1.1.1.2.3 Neutron fluence rate within the range from 3 × 1012 n/m2/s to 5 × 1016 n/m2/s (E > 1 MeV).1.1.2.4 Neutron energy spectra within the range expected at the reactor vessel region adjacent to the core of commercial PWRs and BWRs (greater than approximately 500MW electric).1.1.2.5 Irradiation exposure times of up to 25 years in boiling water reactors and 31 years in pressurized water reactors.1.2 It is the responsibility of the user to show that the conditions of interest in their application of this guide are addressed adequately by the technical information on which the guide is based. It should be noted that the conditions quantified by the database are not distributed evenly over the range of materials and irradiation conditions described in 1.1, and that some combination of variables, particularly at the extremes of the data range are under-represented. Particular attention is warranted when the guide is applied to conditions near the extremes of the data range used to develop the TTS equation and when the application involves a region of the data space where data is sparse. Although the embrittlement correlation developed for this guide was based on statistical analysis of a large database, prudence is required for applications that involve variable values beyond the ranges specified in 1.1. Due to strong correlations with other exposure variables within the database (that is, fluence), and due to the uneven distribution of data within the database (for example, the irradiation temperature and flux range of PWR and BWR data show almost no overlap) neither neutron fluence rate nor irradiation time sufficiently improved the accuracy of the predictions to merit their use in the embrittlement correlation in this guide. Future versions of this guide may incorporate the effect of neutron fluence rate or irradiation time, or both, on TTS , as such effects are described in (1).4 The irradiated material database, the technical basis for developing the embrittlement correlation, and issues involved in its application, are discussed in a separate report (ADJE090015-EA). That report describes the nine different TTS equations considered in the development of this guide, some of which were developed using more limited datasets (for example, national program data (2, 3)). If the material variables or exposure conditions of a particular application fall within the range of one of these alternate correlations, it may provide more suitable guidance.1.3 This guide is expected to be used in coordination with several standards addressing irradiation surveillance of light-water reactor vessel materials. Method of determining the applicable fluence for use in this guide are addressed in Guides E482, E944, and Test Method E1005. The overall application of these separate guides and practices is described in Practice E853.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard guide does not define how the TTS should be used to determine the final adjusted reference temperature, which would typically include consideration of the transition temperature before irradiation, the predicted TTS, and the uncertainties in the shift estimation method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method utilizes large-scale testing equipment and procedures established at a variety of testing laboratories over the last 30 years.5.2 This method is useful in evaluating ECPs and their installation to reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations when exposed to defined rainfall conditions and improving water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by reducing suspended solids and turbidity.5.3 This test method is a performance test, but can also be used for acceptance testing to determine product conformance to project specifications. For project-specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be considered. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete at this time, and differences in soil and other environmental and geotechnical conditions may affect ECP performance.5.4 This standard can also be used as a comparative tool for evaluating the erosion control characteristics of different ECPs and can also be used to gain agency approvals.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability of erosion control products (ECP) to protect slopes from rainfall-induced erosion using an adjustable tilting bed slope. The standard slopes range from 2:1 to 4:1 (H:V) having a target rainfall intensity of 3.5 in./h [90 mm/h].1.2 There are three main elements the ECPs must have the ability to perform: 1. Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening and detachment through “splash” mechanisms; 2. Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through “overland flow” mechanisms; and 3. Trap soil particles beneath the ECP. When comparing data from different ECPs under consideration, it is important to keep the test conditions the same for the ECPs being evaluated, for example, the rainfall intensity rate and the slope.1.3 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate performance and acceptability, and can be used to compare the effectiveness of different ECPs. This method provides a comparative evaluation of an ECP to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions. This test method can provide information about a product that is under consideration for a specific application where no performance information currently exists.1.4 This test method covers the use of three different soil types, ECP installation: sprayed, rolled, or dry applied, and a runoff collection procedure. This test is typically performed indoors, but may be performed outside as long as certain requirements are met. Partially enclosed facilities are acceptable providing the environmental conditions are met.1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.5.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5.3 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either gravitational inch-pound or SI. Other units are permissible provided appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similar significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral attenuation or interferences, or both, produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber spectroscopic sensor systems.NOTE 1: The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal and/or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiation-induced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral variations or interferences produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber, or both, is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber Raman spectroscopic sensor systems.NOTE 1: The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when they are exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiationinduced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.1.1 This guide covers the method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced alterations to the Raman spectral signal transmitted by a multimode, step index, silica optical fiber. This guide specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.1.2 The test procedure given in this guide is not intended to test the other optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based Raman sensor system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This index test method indicates an unvegetated RECP’s ability to reduce soil erosion caused by shear stress induced by moving water under bench-scale conditions. Only tangential shear is measured in this method. Radial and uplift forces generated by the circular motion of the water are not measured.This test method is bench-scale and therefore, appropriate as an index test for general soil/product composite behavior under hydraulic shear conditions, and for product quality assurance/conformance testing. The results of this test shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) to protect soil (sand) from hydraulically induced shear stress in a bench-scale apparatus.1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that are required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method evaluates a system of temporary ditch checks and their means of installation to:5.1.1 Reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations in stormwater runoff under conditions of varying channel conditions and soil type; and5.1.2 Improve water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by reducing suspended solids.5.2 This test method models and examines conditions typically found on construction sites involving earthwork activities, including: highways and roads; airports; residential, commercial and industrial developments; pipelines, mines, and landfills; golf courses; etc.5.3 This test method is a performance test. It is a comparative tool for evaluating the erosion control characteristics of different temporary ditch checks. Take caution when comparing results from different laboratories because information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete and slight differences in soil and other environmental and geotechnical conditions may affect.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for evaluating the ability of temporary ditch check systems to protect earthen channels from stormwater-induced erosion. Critical elements of this protection are the ability of the temporary ditch check to:1.1.1 Slow or pond runoff, or both, to encourage sedimentation, thereby reducing soil particle transport downstream;1.1.2 Trap soil particles up stream of structure; and1.1.3 Decrease soil erosion.1.2 This test method utilizes full-scale testing procedures, rather than reduced-scale (bench-scale) simulation, and is patterned after conditions typically found on construction sites at the conclusion of earthwork operations, but prior to the start of revegetation work. Therefore this test method considers only unvegetated conditions.1.3 This test method provides a comparative evaluation of a temporary ditch check to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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