CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 19901-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations, which is an adoption without modification of the ide

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4.1 Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process.4.2 An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (1) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (2) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an event in time for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP.4.3 Experience as indicated in Refs (1-4)4 and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section 7.4.4 Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation.1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories.1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statistics to review the precision database for potential outliers. However, they use slight modifications in the procedure for rejecting incompatible data values as outliers. The Special Precision procedure is specific as to the number of replicates per database cell or material-laboratory combination.1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections:  Section  1Referenced Documents  2Terminology  3  4Precision Evaluation—General Precision and Special Precision  5Steps in Organizing an Interlaboratory Test Program (ITP)  6Overview of the General Precision Analysis Procedure  7General Precision: Analysis Step 1  8 Preliminary Graphical Data Review  8.1 Calculation of Precision for Original Database  8.2 Detection of Outliers at 5 % Significance Level Using h and k Statistics  8.3 Generation of Revision 1 Database Using Outlier Treatment Option 1 or 2  8.4General Precision: Analysis Step 2  9 Calculation of Precision for Revision 1 Database  9.1 Detection of Outliers at 2 % Significance Level Using h and k Statistics  9.1 Generation of Revision 2 Database Using Outlier Treatment Option 1 or 2  9.1.2General Precision: Analysis Step 3  10 Calculation of Precision Using Revision 2 Database  10.1Special Precision Analysis—Carbon Black Testing  11Format for Precision Table and Clause in Test Method Standards  12Preparation of Report for Precision Analysis  13Definitions for Selected Terms Concerned with Precision and Testing Annex A1Statistical Model for Interlaboratory Testing Programs Annex A2Calculating the h and k Consistency Statistics for Outliers Annex A3Spreadsheet Calculation Formulas, Table Layout, and Calculation Sequence Annex A4Procedure for Calculating Replacement Values of Deleted Outliers Annex A5Example of General Precision Evaluation—Mooney Viscosity Testing Annex A61.5 Six annexes are presented; these serve as supplements to the main body of this practice. Annex A1 and Annex A2 are given mainly as background information that is important for a full understanding of precision evaluation. Annex A3 – Annex A5 contain detailed instructions and procedures needed to perform the operations as called for in various parts of the practice. The use of these annexes in this capacity avoids long sections of involved instruction in the main body of this practice. This allows for a better presentation and understanding of the central concepts involved in the evaluation of precision. Annex A6 is also important; it gives a complete example of precision evaluation that illustrates all of the procedures and options likely to be encountered in any precision evaluation, from the simple to the most complex.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 19901-4, Petroleum and natural gas industries -Specific requirements for offshore structures -Part 4: Geotechnical and foundation design considerations, which is an adoption without modification of t

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CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 19901-5, Petroleum and natural gas industries - Specific requirements for offshore structures - Part 5: Weight control during engineering and construction, which is an adoption without modification o

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4.1 This guide is intended to provide a series of evaluations that will assist engineers dealing with chemical environments in selecting appropriate alloys (1-3). In chemical environments, an important issue for determining general corrosion resistance is the temperature at which an alloy transitions from corrosion at a low rate to corrosion at a much higher rate. Other important concerns include the tendency towards crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance, especially in hot chloride-containing aqueous environments.4.2 This guide is also intended for alloy developers to assist them in choosing environments and test methods that are of particular interest to the chemical process industries.4.3 The use of this approach will allow direct comparisons to be made among alloys from various suppliers and, thereby, to assist engineers in selecting the most appropriate materials for further testing to determine suitability in their application.1.1 This guide covers an evaluation approach that is designed to provide information on the corrosion properties of wrought iron- and nickel-based alloys for the chemical process industries. This guide incorporates test conditions for general corrosion measurements in a variety of environments, crevice corrosion resistance in chloride environments, and stress corrosion cracking resistance in chloride environments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide recommends the water quality required for the electronics and microelectronics industries. High-purity water is required to prevent contamination of products during manufacture, since contamination can lead to an unacceptable, low yield of electronic devices.4.2 The range of water purity is defined in accordance with the manufacturing process. The types of ultra-pure water are defined with respect to device line width. In all cases, the water-quality recommendations apply at the point of distribution.4.3 The limits on the impurities are related to current contamination specifications and to available analytical methods (either performed in a suitable clean laboratory or by on-line instrumentation). On-line and off-line methods are used in accordance with current industry practice. Concentration of the sample may be required to measure the impurities at the levels indicated in Table 1.(A) The user should be advised that analytical data often are instrument dependent and technique dependent. Thus, the numbers in Table 1 are only guidelines. This table will be revised whenever the semiconductor industry develops new linewidths, thereby keeping the guidelines current.(B) Values shown in Type E-1.3 are a result of aligning ITRS risk factors of known contaminates to the production processes found in current semiconductor processing for the linewidth of interest and may differ in a few cases to those found in Type E-1.2. Users who wish to use the higher numbers for Type E-1.2 water should feel free to do so.All values are equal to or less than with the exception of Resistivity.(C) Boron is monitored only as an operational parameter for monitoring the ion-exchange beds.1.1 This guide provides recommendations for water quality related to electronics and semiconductor-industry manufacturing. Seven classifications of water are described, including water for line widths as low as 0.032 μm. In all cases, the recommendations are for water at the point of distribution (POD).1.2 Water is used for washing and rinsing of semiconductor components during manufacture. Water is also used for cleaning and etching operations, making steam for oxidation of silicon surfaces, preparing photomasks, and depositing luminescent materials. Other applications are in the development and fabrication of solid-state devices, thin-film devices, communication lasers, light-emitting diodes, photo-detectors, printed circuits, memory devices, vacuum-tube devices, or electrolytic devices.1.3 Users needing water qualities different from those described here should consult other water standards, such as Specification D1193 and Guide D5196.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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