定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is consistent with a performance-based approach wherein the frequency of recalibration and instrument testing is linked to the results from continuing instrument quality control. Under the premise of this practice, a laboratory demonstrates that its instrument performance is acceptable for analyzing sample test sources.5.2 When a laboratory demonstrates acceptable performance based on continuing instrument quality control data (that is, control charts and tolerance charts), batch QC samples (that is, blanks, laboratory control samples, replicates, matrix spikes, and other batch QC samples as may be applicable) and independent reference materials, traditional schedule-driven instrument recalibration is permissible but unnecessary.5.3 When continuing instrument QC, batch QC, or independent reference material sample results indicate that instrument response has exceeded established control or tolerance limits, instrument calibration is required. Other actions related to sample analyses on the affected instruments may be required by the laboratory QM.5.4 The data obtained while following this practice will likely be stored electronically. The data remain in electronic storage, where they are readily available to produce plots, graphs, spreadsheets, and other types of displays and reports. The laboratory QM should specify the frequency and performance of data storage backup.1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the setup, calibration, and quality control of nuclear instruments. Setup establishes the operating parameters of the instrument—for example, voltage or discriminator settings. Calibrations determine the instrument’s response characteristics—for example, its counting efficiency or gain. Quality control ensures that the performance of the instrument remains acceptable for its intended use and consistent with the performance at the time of calibration.1.2 This practice addresses four of the most commonly used types of nuclear counting instruments: alpha-particle spectrometer, gamma-ray spectrometer, gas proportional counter, and liquid scintillation counter.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate force are in general use in many industries. Practices E4 has been written to provide a practice for the force verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practices E4 is the use of force-measuring instruments whose force characteristics are known to be traceable to the SI. Practices E74 describes how these force-measuring instruments are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of testing machines, manufacturers and providers of force-measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide the calibration of the instruments and the documents of traceability, service organizations that use the force-measuring instruments to verify testing machines, and testing laboratories performing general structural test measurements.1.1 The purpose of these practices is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales.NOTE 1: Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577(1)2, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required.1.3 These practices are intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with these practices be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The quality and consequently the clinical performance of implants may be affected by residues. Residues may induce no tissue response, minor tissue irritations, or they may lead to local inflammation of tissues surrounding the implant which may lead to failure in short-term or long-term use. Residues may also cause harm at locations away from the implant. Residues may originate from manufacturing materials used in the course of processing or from the manufacturing environment, or may be the result of handling and packaging (1-3).105.2 This practice shall be used to report the results of testing for residue. All residues cannot necessarily be detected. It suggests standard techniques that may be applied for analysis, and provides suggestions for how limit values may be set.5.3 Residues may be of inorganic, organic, or biological nature. They may exhibit as surface-bound substance, or as adsorbates (for example, electrostatically held), efflorescence, or mechanically held substances. Residues may be soluble in aqueous media, soluble in organic solvents, or may be insoluble particulates.5.4 Data generated in validation processes (that is, cleaning validation or sterility validation) may be used as results or as basis for setting acceptance criteria in the report.1.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe how the cleanliness of single-use implants as manufactured shall be reported. This practice proposes how to approach the identification of critical compounds and suggests different analytical methods.1.2 The practice does not address substances which are intrinsic to the implant properties or design. In particular, it does not address substances released during implant resorption, implant coatings, or leachables by design.1.3 This practice does not address the cleanliness of implants which are re-processed, re-cleaned after unpacking for re-use in the hospital or by the manufacturer.1.4 This practice does not establish limit values for residues.1.5 This practice suggests appropriate test methods for the general specification of residues and residue requirements of implants and single-use sterile instruments. This practice may also be used to characterize semi-finished components for implants.1.6 The test methods suggested and described herein refer to established analytical methods and to existing standard methods for chemical, biochemical, or biological analysis.1.7 This practice is intended solely to provide guidance regarding suitable test methods and reporting conventions for residues, which may or may not affect implant biocompatibility. This practice does not suggest or recommend test methods for biocompatibility, which may be found in Practice F748 or in ISO 10993-1.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This practice covers recommended procedures for the handling of orthopedic implants and instruments. Hospital receiving personnel, central supply personnel, operating room personnel, surgeons, and occasionally other individuals will handle orthopedic implants and instruments. All personnel should be informed of recommended care and handling procedures to prevent damage of orthopedic implants and instruments. Many implants are wrapped in special sterilizable or pre-sterilized packages, envelopes, or other containers. These wrappings should not be removed by the receiving personnel. Perform transport in a manner to preclude any damage or alteration to the received condition of the implant or instrument. Store implants or instruments prior to use in such a manner as to maintain the device’s surface finish or configuration, or both. Maintain orthopedic implants and instruments of different metals separately to avoid the possibility of mixing during surgery. Prior to initial sterilization and promptly following each surgical procedure, thoroughly and carefully clean all instruments and implants. Dispose of orthopedic implants that exhibit surface or configuration damage. Avoid the reimplantation of previously implanted orthopedic implants.1.1 This practice covers recommended procedures for the handling of orthopedic implants and instruments.1.2 Hospital receiving personnel, central supply personnel, operating room personnel, surgeons, and occasionally other individuals will handle orthopedic implants and instruments. All personnel should be informed of recommended care and handling procedures to prevent damage to orthopedic implants and instruments.1.3 This practice does not cover producer level handling and packaging procedures.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice provides designers of general aviation aeroplanes with a list of previously accepted required powerplant instruments, and a method for the powerplant information to be provided to the crew based on the type of powerplant installation. Criteria for mitigating the need for rate of change, direction of change, and proximity to limits information for some required powerplant instruments is also provided. This practice applies to reciprocating and turbine engine powerplant requirements. This practice provides a method of compliance to Section 6 of Specification F3064/F3064M.1.1 This standard practice provides the minimum required powerplant instruments, along with information on how that information is provided to the flight crew or pilot of Normal Category Level 1, 2, 3, or 4 aeroplanes. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This practice does not consider remotely piloted aeroplanes, nor does it consider electric, hydrogen, or hybrid aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice provides procedures for the determination of the retroreflective performance of pavement markings. This practice does not set the minimum retroreflectance values for pavement markings; it describes sampling criteria for determining the retroreflective properties of pavement markings, which then can be used to determine compliance with a specification. It is the responsibility of the agency having jurisdiction to set the acceptable retroreflectivity values within their own specifications.5.2 This practice does not purport to address all the concerns regarding contamination of the markings, but the following may be helpful. It is very important that the markings being evaluated are clean and dry. If the evaluation is being used relative to a measure of the performance of a contractor, it is imperative that the parties agree beforehand on the definition of clean and dry. There are many forms of contamination on a roadway that will lower the retroreflectivity readings of a marking, but not all of them can be removed. Asphalt oil and rubber skid marks are examples. Loose dirt can be removed by pressure washing, perhaps using soap, brushing, or high-pressure air; however, these techniques are usually insufficient to remove dirt that is packed into the marking surface. Care should be taken to select areas that are typical of the marking section, avoiding areas of paint tracking or contamination, for example. It may be useful to take photographs using a digital camera and a good macro lens to be able to see the contamination on or between the glass beads.1.1 This practice describes several field techniques to evaluate the retroreflective properties of pavement markings containing retroreflecting optics (for example, centerlines and edgelines) and applied to the road surface. The techniques described in this practice contain sampling criteria such as the length of test sections and the number of measurements needed. The practice is based on retroreflective measurements made with portable hand-operated instruments in compliance with Test Method E1710.1.2 The data obtained from this practice can be used to determine the acceptance or rejection of a project based on specified levels of retroreflectivity established by the agency having jurisdiction.1.3 This practice can be used for the evaluation of newly installed or existing pavement markings. When testing newly applied pavement markings, it is recommended that the evaluation be done no sooner than 48 h after application but before 30 days after application so that excess retroreflective optics, such as glass spheres, are no longer present.1.4 The assessment techniques in this practice are based on best practices and designed to provide three levels of confidence in terms of quantifying the retroreflective performance of markings. Each technique represents a tradeoff between the number of measurements and the confidence of the retroreflective performance of the markings under study.1.5 This practice can be used by agencies as is or may be customized to meet an agency’s specific needs. Where applicable, the practice describes areas where different assumptions could be made, which would impact the sampling needs and the confidence levels of the results. When deviations from this practice are made, they shall be documented in the test report.NOTE 1: When measuring newly installed pavement markings, there are several factors that contribute to erroneous values for measurements made within a short time after application, such as excess retroreflective optics, top coatings on tape, incomplete curing of the binder, and coatings on the retroreflective optics. Retroreflective measurements taken within 48 h after application may be useful to quickly gauge the application quality but are not intended to be used with this practice.NOTE 2: When measuring existing or in-service pavement markings, care should be taken so that representative sections of pavement markings are measured. There are particular conditions where excessive pavement marking wear can be associated with a specific cause such as vehicle tracking along horizontal curves, access points to gravel pits, and high weave areas. Pavement markings can also collect dirt, grime, and debris.1.6 This practice replaces Specification D6359 with a multi-level strategy for evaluating the retroreflectance of pavement marking materials. This change was desired to provide agencies with options for project acceptance and monitoring of pavement markings during service.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车