定价： 182元 / 折扣价： 155 元 加购物车

定价： 190元 / 折扣价： 162 元 加购物车

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元 加购物车

5.1 Accurate measurement of organic carbon in water at low and very low levels is of particular interest to the electronic, life sciences, and steam power generation industries.5.2 Elevated levels of organics in raw water tend to degrade ion exchange resin capacity. Elevated levels of organics in high purity water tend to support biological growth and, in some cases, are directly detrimental to the processes that require high purity water.5.3 In power generation, naturally occurring organics can become degraded to CO2 and low molecular weight organic acids that, in turn, are corrosive to the process equipment. Their effect on conductivity may also cause water chemistry operating parameters to be exceeded, calling for plant shutdown. Halogenated and sulfonated organics may not be detectable by conductivity but at boiler temperatures will release highly corrosive chlorides, sulfates, etc.5.4 In process water in other industries, organic carbon can signify in-leakage of substances through damaged piping and components, or an unacceptable level of product loss.5.5 In wastewater treatment, organic carbon measurement of influent and process water can help optimize treatment schemes. Measurement of organic carbon at discharge may contribute to regulatory compliance.5.6 In life sciences, control of organic carbon is necessary to demonstrate compliance with regulatory limits for some types of waters.1.1 This guide covers the selection, establishment, and application of monitoring systems for carbon and carbon compounds by on-line, automatic analysis, and recording or otherwise signaling of output data. The system chosen will depend on the purpose for which it is intended (for example, regulatory compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user to adverse trends) and on the type of water to be monitored (low purity or high purity, with or without suspended particulates, purgeable organics, or inorganic carbon). If it is to be used for regulatory compliance, the test method published or referenced in the regulations should be used in conjunction with this guide and other ASTM test methods. This guide covers carbon concentrations of 0.05 µg/L to 50 000 mg/L. Low end sensitivity and quantitative results may vary among instruments. This guide covers the on-line measurement techniques listed in Table 1. Additional laboratory test methods are available: Test Methods D4129, D4839, D5904, D6317, and D7573.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1. Scope 1.1 This Standard covers the general requirements for hardware used in the construction of communication lines and power lines including distribution and transmission lines. 1.2 Detailed requirements for individual items of hardware as nu

定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

1. Scope 1.1 This Standard outlines the technical properties of and specifications for a line impedance stabilization network (LISN) used in the measurement of conducted electromagnetic emissions in the frequency range 0.01 to 30 MHz. 1.2 The LISN

定价： 455元 / 折扣价： 387 元

5.1 DO may be either a corrosive or passivating agent in boiler/steam cycles and is therefore controlled to specific concentrations that are low relative to environmental and wastewater treatment samples. Out-of-specification DO concentrations may cause corrosion in boiler systems, which leads to corrosion fatigue and corrosion products — all detrimental to the life and efficient operation of a steam generator. The efficiency of DO removal from boiler feedwater by mechanical or chemical means, or both, may be monitored by continuously measuring the DO concentration before and after the removal process with on-line instrumentation. DO measurement is also a check for air leakage into the boiler water cycle.5.2 Feedwater chemistry guidelines for high-pressure boilers generally require specific feedwater DO concentrations: 5 μg/L or less for reducing all volatile treatment [AVT(R)]; 5–10 μg/L for oxidizing all volatile treatment [AVT(O)]; 50–200 μg/L for oxygenated treatment [OT] (3).5.3 In microelectronics production, DO can be detrimental in some manufacturing processes, for example, causing undesirable oxidation on silicon wafers.1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water samples primarily in ranges from 0 to 500 μg/L (ppb), although higher ranges may be used for calibration. On-line instrumentation is used for continuous measurements of DO in samples that are brought through sample lines and conditioned from high-temperature and high-pressure sources when necessary.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 On-line, at-line, in-line, and other near-real time monitoring systems that measure fuel gas characteristics, such as heating value, are prevalent in various gaseous fuel industries and in industries either producing or using gaseous fuel in their industrial processes. The installation and operation of particular systems vary depending on process type, regulatory requirements, and the user’s objectives and performance requirements. This practice is intended to provide guidance for standardized start-up procedures, operating procedures, and quality assurance practices for calorimeter based on-line, at-line, in-line, and other near-real time heating value monitoring systems. Users employing gas chromatographic based instrumentation for measurement of gaseous fuel heating value are referred to Practice D7164.1.1 This practice is for the determination of the heating value measurement of gaseous fuels using a calorimeter. Heating value determination of sample gasses containing water vapor will require vapor phase moisture measurements of the pre-combustion sample gas as well as the non-condensed gasses exiting the calorimeter. Instruments equipped with appropriate conditioners and algorithms may provide heating value results on a net or gross and dry or wet basis.1.2 This practice is applicable to at-line and in-line instruments that are operated from time to time on a continuous basis.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 637元 / 折扣价： 542 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

This specification provides the minimum requirements for design fabrication, pressure rating, and testing for line-blind valves. The materials for spectacle plates, bolting and body shall be determined. Each valve body shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test.1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for design fabrication, pressure rating, and testing for line-blind valves.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for determining the heat attenuation factor (HAF) of a shield material and the effective heat attenuation factor (EHAF) at the location of the worker. This can be obtained by measuring the reduction of the arc incident energy levels caused by a shield attached on a live line tool (hot stick) or on a racking rod and designed for protection for workers exposed to electric arcs. The shield mechanical strength (SMS) can be obtained from visual observations of the high speed video recordings of each shot during HAF tests.5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values and pressure may result for individual sensors. The results of each sensor are evaluated in accordance with Section 12.5.2 This test method maintains the shield and the heat sensors in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions may produce different results.NOTE 1: In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be reported should this data be cited.1.1 This test method is used to determine the heat attenuation factor (HAF), the effective heat attenuation factor (EHAF), and the shields mechanical strength (SMS) of a shield attached on live line tools or racking rods intended for protection of workers exposed to electric arcs.1.2 The materials used in this test method of worker protection are in the form of a shield attached on live line tools or on the racking rods.1.3 The protective shield described in this test method shall be transparent and shall be easily attached and removed from live line tools or from racking rods.1.4 The protective shield described in this test method has 24-in. (0.61-m) diameter and can be used for most applications, however for special cases, the shield can have different sizes to suit the protective requirements of the application.1.5 This standard shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to incident energies (thermal-convective, and radiant and pressure wave) generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions and does not purport to predict damage from light, resultant pressure impact other than the pressure and thermal aspects measured.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment, which takes into account all of the factors, which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precautions, see Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 Compliance with this guide should confirm known and acceptable quality of hand-held insulating live-line tools manufactured using fiberglass meeting Specification F711. The guidance herein is to be considered as a minimum requirement.3.2 The user of this type of protective equipment should be knowledgeable of and instructed in the correct and safe inspection and use of this equipment.1.1 This guide provides recommendations for in-service inspection, maintenance, and electrical testing of hand-held insulating live-line tools.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Combustion of gaseous fuel containing significant siloxane concentrations results in conversion of these siloxanes to silicon dioxide (SiO2). This SiO2 accumulates on downstream equipment such as the interior of reciprocating engine cylinders (used for electricity generation and transportation applications), flame sensors, and condenser coils in residential/commercial furnaces, or post-combustion catalysts used for the removal of NO and NO2. In each of these cases, SiO2 compromises the performance of the equipment and may lead to eventual failure. Continuous measurement of siloxane concentrations enables a fuel producer to ensure their gas quality meets contractual obligations, regulatory requirements, pipeline injection tariff limits, and internal performance requirements. This method is intended to provide procedures for standardized start-up procedures, operating procedures, and quality assurance practices for on-line analysis of siloxanes using a GC-IMS analyzer.1.1 This test method is for the determination of speciated siloxane concentrations in gaseous fuels using on-line Gas Chromatography Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS).1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 In the power-generation industry, high-purity water is used to reduce corrosion from anions, such as sulfate, chloride, and fluoride. These anions are known to be detrimental to materials of construction used in steam generators, reactor vessel internals and recirculation piping, heat exchangers, connective piping, and turbines. Most electric generating plants try to control these anions to <1.0 μg/L in the steam generator feed water. Some nuclear power plants have been able to control anion contaminants at less than 0.02 μg/L.5.2 These anions and others cause low product yields in semiconductor manufacturing. They are also monitored and controlled at similarly low levels as in the electric power industry.5.3 Low molecular weight organic acids (acetate, formate, propionate) have been detected in steam generator feed water. These low molecular weight organic materials are believed to be high-temperature degradation products of chemicals used to control cycle water pH and organic contaminants in cycle makeup water.5.4 In the semiconductor industry, anion contaminants may come from the breakdown of low molecular weight organic materials by ultraviolet light radiation, which is frequently used to produce bacteria-free water. These organic compounds may also contribute to low product yield.5.5 The production of high-purity water for process makeup and use frequently employs the use of demineralizers to remove unwanted anion contaminants. Also in the electric power industry, demineralizers are used in the process stream to maintain low levels of these contaminants. As such, it is important to monitor this process to ensure that water quality standards are being met. These processes can be monitored for the above-mentioned anions.5.6 On-line measurements of these contaminants provide a greater degree of protection of the processes by allowing for frequent on-line measurement of these species. Early detection of contaminant ingress allows for quicker corrective action to locate, reduce, or eliminate, or combination thereof, the source. Grab samples will not provide the same level of protection because of their intermittent nature and the longer time required to obtain and then analyze the sample.5.7 Additionally, on-line monitoring significantly reduces the potential for contamination of high-purity water samples, a significant problem when sampling and testing high-purity water.1.1 This test method covers on-line analysis of high-purity water by the ion chromatography technique. This test method is applicable for measuring various anionic contaminants in high-purity water, typically in the range of 0.01 to 100 μg/L. This test method is used to determine the concentration of acetate, formate, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate in a continuously flowing sample. The range of the test method is only as good as the reagent water available for preparing standards. At extremely low concentrations, <1.0 μg/L, preparing standards is difficult, and extra care must be taken in their preparation. The sample may have to be conditioned from higher pressures and temperatures to conditions that are suitable for use by on-line instruments.1.2 Online sample analysis of flowing streams does not lend itself to collaborative studies due to the nature of the sample and the possibility of contamination that may result from handling the sample as part of the collaborative study. Therefore this standard test method is not based on the results of a collaborative study but is intended to provide the best possible guidance for doing this type of analysis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车