定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

Each year, many thousands of water samples are collected and the chemical components are determined from natural groundwater sources. An understanding of the relationships between the similarities and differences of these water analyses are facilitated by displaying each separate analysis as a pictorial diagram. This type of diagram allows for a direct comparison between two or more analyses and their displayed ions. This guide presents a compilation of diagrams that allows for transformation of numerical data into visual, usable forms. It is not a guide to selection or use. That choice is program or project specific. The single sample water-analysis diagrams described in this guide display the following; (1) the ppm or mg/L concentrations of the cations and anions on bars, circles, or baseline diagrams; (2) the epm or meq/L percentages of the cation and anion weights on bars, double bars, circles, radiating vectors, or kitelike shapes and; (3) a combination of (1) and (2) on circles (1, 3, 25, 27, 28, 29). The classification of the composition of natural groundwater is an early use of the single sample water-analysis diagram. Note 3—Palmer, in 1911, developed a tabular system for the classification of natural water. Rogers, in a 1917 study of oil-field waters, presented the Palmer classification on a graphical display that had three vertical bars (6, 7, 29). The origin of the water may be postulated by the amount and the relationship of the cations and anions in a water sample that is plotted on the diagram. Patterns visually indicate water types and origins. Comparison of the visual similarity or dissimilarity of diagrams for different water analyses that are from separate locations allows the analyst to evaluate if the samples may be from the same water source or not. Numerous interpretive methods are possible from the examination of a series of the single sample water-analysis diagrams. Note 4—For example, by arranging the diagrams at the point of origin as represented on a geologic cross section or on an areal map, the hydrochemical changes can be visualized as the water travels through the hydrologic regime, the amount of mixing that has taken place with water from a different origin, and the effects of ambient conditions, such as air, temperature, rock, and man-induced contaminants, on the water. Note 5—It should be noted that for many hydrochemical research problems involving the interpretation of the origin, chemical reactions, and mixing of natural water, the single sample water-analysis diagram is only one segment of several analytical methods needed to understand condition.1.1 This guide covers the category of water-analysis diagrams that use pictorial or pattern methods (for example, bar, radiating vectors, pattern, and circular) as a basis for displaying each of the individual chemical components that were determined from the analysis of a single sample of natural groundwater (see Terminology). 1.2 This guide on single-analysis diagrams is the second of several standards to inform the professionals in the field of hydrology with the traditional graphical methods available to display groundwater chemistry. Note 1—The initial guide described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display, on a single diagram, the common chemical components from two or more complete analyses of natural groundwater. 1.2.1 A third guide will be for diagrams based on data analytical calculations that include those categories of water analysis graphs where multiple analyses are analyzed statistically and the results plotted on a diagram (for example, the box, and so forth). 1.3 Numerous methods have been developed to display, on single-analyses diagrams, the ions dissolved in water. These methods were developed by investigators to assist in the interpretation of the origin of the ions in the water and to simplify the comparison of analyses, one with another. 1.4 This guide presents a compilation of diagrams from a number of authors that allows for transformation of numerical data into visual, usable forms. It is not a guide to selection or use. That choice is program or project specific. Note 2—Use of tradenames in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM. 1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of major organic impurities in refined phenol manufactured by the cumene (isopropylbenzene) process. Two test methods are employed to determine the stated major impurities. 1.2 Test Method A determines the concentration of major impurities such as mesityl oxide, cumene, [alpha]-methylstyrene, 2-methylbenzofuran, acetophenone, and dimethylbenzyl alcohol. 1.3 Test Method B determines the hydroxyacetone content. 1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

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Many thousands of water samples are collected each year and the chemical components are determined from natural groundwater sources. A single analysis can be interpreted easily regarding composition and geochemical type; however, it is difficult to comprehend all of the factors of similarities, interrelationships, and differences when large numbers of analyses are being compared. One of the methods of interpreting the implication of these chemical components in the water is by displaying a number of related water analyses graphically on a visually summarizing water analysis diagram. The water analysis diagrams described in this guide display the percentages of the individual cation and anion weights of the total cation and anion weights on graphs shaped as triangles, squares, diamonds, and rectangles. Note 3—The concentration of dissolved solids determined for each analysis is not evident by the plotted location. Scaled symbols, usually circles, can represent the amount of dissolved solids for each analysis plotted on the diagrams. Classification of the composition of natural groundwater is a major use of water analysis diagrams. Note 4—Palmer (20) developed a tabular system for the classification of natural water. Hill (1) classified water by composition using two trilinear and one diamond-shaped diagrams of his own design combined. Back (21) improved the classification techniques for determining the hydrochemical facies of the groundwater by a modification of the Piper diagram. The origin of the water or degree of mixing may be postulated by examination of the placement and relationship of the cations and anions from different water samples that are plotted on the diagrams. Numerous interpretive methods are possible from the examination of water analysis diagrams. For example, it is reasonable to hypothesize the path that the groundwater has traveled while in the hydrologic regime, the amount of mixing that has occurred with water from a different origin, and the effects of ambient conditions, such as air, temperature, rock, and man-induced contaminants, on the water. Note 5—It should be noted that for many hydrochemical research problems involving the interpretation of the origin, chemical reactions, and mixing of natural water, the water analysis diagram is only one segment of several analytical methods necessary to understand the condition.1.1 This guide covers the category of water analysis diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs as a technique for displaying the common chemical components from two or more complete analyses of natural groundwater (see Section 3) on a single diagram. This category includes not only trilinear-shaped diagrams but also the diamond- or parallelogram-, rectangular-, or square-shaped graphs that have trilinear subdivisions. 1.2 This guide is the first of several documents to inform professionals in the field of hydrology with the traditional graphical methods available to display groundwater chemistry. Note 1—Subsequent guides are planned that will describe the other categories of diagrams that have been developed to display groundwater chemical analyses. (1) A guide for diagrams based on data analytical calculations will include those categories of water analysis graphs in which one analysis is plotted on each diagram (for example, the pattern, bar, radial, and circle diagrams). (2) A guide for statistical diagrams will include those categories of water analysis graphs in which multiple analyses are analyzed statistically and the results plotted on the diagram (for example, the box, etc.). 1.3 Numerous methods have been developed to display the ions dissolved in water on trilinear diagrams. These diagrams are valuable as a means of interpreting the physical and chemical mechanisms controlling the composition of water. 1.4 The most commonly used trilinear methods were developed by Hill (1-3), Langelier and Ludwig (4), Piper (5, 6), and Durov (7-13). These techniques are proven systems for interpreting the origin of the ions in natural groundwater and for facilitating the comparison of results from a large number of analyses. Note 2—The use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM. 1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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4.1 Each year many thousands of water samples are collected and the chemical components are determined from natural and human-influenced groundwater sources.4.2 The objective interpretation of the origin, composition, and interrelationships of water can be simplified by displaying the distribution of the constituents and related parameters on areal maps (1,2).44.2.1 The origin of the chemical composition of the water may be postulated by the amount and the distribution of the constituents as shown on the maps.4.2.2 The chemical composition of the water can be scrutinized for distinct characteristics and anomalies by use of the maps.4.2.3 The interrelationships of the water chemistry from various sampling locations can be visualized on the maps.4.3 This guide presents various mapping methods for showing distribution of chemical constituents using areal and time-related trends; maximum, minimum, or mean values; and relationships between chemical and associated parameters.4.4 Exercise caution when interpreting the distribution of chemical constituents on two-dimensional (X and Y) maps as liquids of different densities tend to stratify in the third dimension (Z).NOTE 2: Water (or other liquid) with a relatively low concentration of dissolved solids (or of a low relative density) normally will float on top of water with high dissolved solids or a liquid of higher density (3-7). A naturally occurring example is an island surrounded and underlain by sea water where rain water falling on the island forms a fresh water lens above the underlying sea water. Where the presence of liquids of different densities are evident in a mapped area, cross sections of the aquifer assist in showing the vertical (Z) distribution of the chemical constituents or a pattern can be used on the map to delineate the extent of this water.NOTE 3: Immiscible liquid contaminants, such as petroleum products, with a relative density less than that of the water will float on top of the water. Liquids that are more dense than water will flow to the bottom of the aquifer. Miscible liquids, such as sea water, mix with the fresher water creating a zone of dispersion at the interface of the two liquids.4.5 Aquifers in fractured rock or karst areas may result in noncontinuum conditions for the chemical parameters in the water (Guide D5717). This guide assumes the aquifer usually consists of an equivalent porous media.4.6 This is not a guide for the selection of a map technique for a distinct purpose. That choice is program or project specific.NOTE 4: For many hydrochemical research problems involving the scientific interpretation of groundwater, the areal map is only one segment of several methods needed to interpret the data.1.1 This guide offers a series of options but does not specify a course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison and does not replace or relieve professional judgment.1.2 This guide covers methods that display, as mapped information, the chemical constituents of groundwater samples. Details required by the investigator to use fully the methods are found in the listed references.1.2.1 The use of maps to display water-quality data are a common technique to assist in the interpretation of the chemistry of water in aquifers, as the areally distributed values can be easily related to the physical locality by the investigator.1.2.2 The distribution in an aquifer of chemical constituents from two water sources or of liquids of different densities may be difficult to illustrate explicitly on a two-dimensional map because of stratification in the third dimension. Also, the addition of a vertical cross section may be required (see 4.4).1.3 Many graphic techniques have been developed by investigators to assist in summarizing and interpreting related data sets. This guide is the fourth document to inform the hydrologists and geochemists about traditional methods for displaying groundwater chemical data.1.3.1 The initial guide (Guide D5738) described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use pattern and pictorial methods as a basis for displaying each of the individual chemical components determined from the analysis of a single sample of natural groundwater.1.3.2 The second guide (Guide D5754) described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display, on a single diagram, the common chemical components from two or more analyses of natural groundwater.1.3.3 The third guide (Guide D5877) presented methods that graphically display chemical analyses of multiple groundwater samples, discrete values, as well as those reduced to comprehensive summaries or parameters.1.4 Notations have been incorporated within the illustrations of this guide to assist the user in understanding how the maps are constructed. These notations would not be required on a map designed for inclusion in a project document.NOTE 1: Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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4.1 This practice is intended to provide consistent criteria, references and operational considerations in the specifications, management and construction of institutional trampoline courts.4.2 This practice is intended to be taken into consideration by architects, designers, engineers, construction contractors, manufacturers, appropriate inspectors, owners and operators who are involved with the design, construction, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance, inspection or major modification of institutional trampoline courts.4.3 This practice does not apply to consumer trampolines, trampolines intended for use on water, trampolines intended for use as aquatic play equipment, trampolines primarily used for professional exhibition, or single user trampolines primarily used under the direct supervision of a trainer or coach.4.4 This standard does not apply to stand alone institutional trampoline units that consist of one or more individual stations with a total bed area less than 37 000 in.2 (238 709.2 cm2) and employ a mechanical harnessed system to control or direct the descent of a patron.4.5 This standard does not apply to stand alone institutional trampoline units that consist of one or more individual stations with a total bed area less than 37 000 in.2 (238 709.2 cm2) and employ individual chambers divided with small mesh netting to control or direct the descent of a patron.4.6 This standard does not apply to inflatable amusement devices covered by Practice F2374.4.6.1 This standard applies to trampoline courts that mount or dismount onto an inflatable impact attenuation system.4.7 Trampoline courts that employ a device designed to introduce additional energy into the suspension or bed system are outside the scope of this standard practice.4.8 For the purpose of this standard, consideration shall be given within the design and for operation of a trampoline court with activities including but not limited to: bouncing, jumping, walking, standing, sitting, resting, acrobatic maneuvers, aerobics, flips, dancing, exercise, therapeutic rehabilitation, dodgeball, basketball, or volleyball.4.9 For the purpose of this standard, consideration shall be given within the design and for operation of a trampoline court with complementary equipment including but not limited to: foam balls, inflated balls, foam toys, wakeboards, snowboards, bounce boards, hoops, nets, pylons, ropes, goals, harness systems, or inflated toys.1.1 The purpose of this practice is to delineate requirements regarding the design, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance, inspection and major modification of commercial or institutional trampoline courts with the primary purpose of amusement, entertainment or recreation.1.2 This standard applies to institutional trampoline courts that are located in and around amusement, entertainment or recreational facilities. Such facilities include but are not limited to trampoline parks, amusement parks, theme parks, water parks, family entertainment centers, fitness centers, gyms, gymnastics facilities, sports facilities, skate parks, camps, shopping centers, temporary special events, carnivals and municipal parks.1.3 This standard applies to devices manufactured on or after the date of publication of this standard practice.1.4 This practice establishes guidelines that will provide a level of conformity for the purpose of reducing potential hazards to patrons, court attendants, and spectators.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the hazards associated with institutional trampoline courts. The standard’s existence alone will not prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, institutional trampoline court use involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or if users exceed their capabilities, endurance, training, or experience.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This practice includes an annex (mandatory), which provides additional information (for example, rationale, background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and so forth) to improve the user’s understanding and application of the criteria presented in this practice. The annex information shall be interpreted as mandatory criteria.1.8 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory), which provides additional information (for example, rationale, background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and so forth) to improve the user’s understanding and application of the criteria presented in this practice. The appendix information shall not be interpreted as mandatory criteria.1.9 This standard includes the following sections:  Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Quality, Manufacture, Construction and Installation 5General Design 6Design 7Major Modification 8Information Plate 9Information Requirements 10Certifications 11Performance Criteria 12Classification of Injuries and Illnesses 13Notification Requirements 14Manufacturer Responsibilities 15Owner/Operator Responsibilities 16Patron Education 17Patron Responsibility 18Children Zones 19Keywords 20Appendix Appendix X11.10 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the mass fraction in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash.5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory-prepared ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commerical-scale burning of the coal.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues.NOTE 1: There are two interlaboratory studies associated with this test method. The first was conducted in 1997 ( RR:D05-1035)2 and the second was conducted in 2007 ( RR:D05-1032).3 Sulfur trioxide was only included in the 2007 study, and that study only included combustion residues derived from ash and no combustion residues derived from coke.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 A compositional analysis of the ash in coal is often useful in the total description of the quality of the coal. Knowledge of ash composition is also useful in predicting the behavior of ashes and slags in combustion chambers. Utilization of the ash by-products of coal combustion sometimes depends on the chemical composition of the ash.5.2 Note that the chemical composition of laboratory-prepared coal ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in the coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commercial-scale burning of the coal.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in combustion residues from coal utilization processes.1.2 Use Test Method D5016 for determination of sulfur.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of stable, representative, oxidized, relatively unpolluted, aquatic natural-matrix bed-sediment reference test samples. When prepared as described, such test samples should be useful for collaborative methods testing, to evaluate the precision and bias of test methods, and to evaluate test methods performance during their development.5.2 The availability of defined representative natural-matrix reference or test samples, closely approximating a variety of typical environmental samples, is a key requirement for the effective collaborative methods evaluation and development of test methods, and quality assurance testing. When the composition of the reference or test samples has been determined, either for operationally defined “total recoverable” leaching techniques, or for “total analysis” determined by total dissolution, the defined samples should also be suitable for analytical quality assurance testing.5.3 Certified analyses of most rock, sediment, sludge, and soil reference samples are typically based on the total amount of each constituent of interest in the entire sample. “Total” chemical analysis of these samples generally requires complete decomposition or dissolution of the standard material. These are the only feasible analytical approaches if knowledge of finite concentrations for each element of interest in the entire sample is required. Certain instrumental methods, such as X-ray fluorescence or neutron activation analysis, may provide information as to the total constituent composition without sample destruction.5.4 Partial chemical extraction of sediments, or “total recoverable” analyses (operationally defined procedures) for selecting constituents, frequently are useful for defining “available” constituent concentrations. In addition, partial chemical extractions may also provide data on partitioning, phase associations, or on how trace elements are entrained. Operationally defined extractable trace constituent concentrations are generally best obtained by using very specific reagent mixtures and extraction procedures, including method of mixing, vessel size and shape, extraction time, temperature, and so forth.5.5 The various iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides, clay minerals, and organic solutes and particulates, that commonly occur as coatings on most oxidized sediment particles, are generally recognized as the controls governing the concentrations and distribution of most trace metals in natural water-sediment hydrologic environments. Anthropogenic sources clearly dominate in the number of sources and in total loading to most systems, although other factors may also be important.3 Under reducing conditions the iron and manganese oxide coatings, organic components, and associated trace metals may be resolubilized and remobilized. Migration of the reduced solubilized species, with possible subsequent formation of sulfides and so forth, and reoxidation and redeposition at some new location, may then occur. Analysis of extractable trace constituent concentrations in leachates obtained from reduced sediments thus will probably not be indicative of the trace constituent concentrations initially associated with the oxidized and coated sediment grains.1.1 This practice covers uniform procedures to develop, select, collect, prepare, and use oxidized, relatively unpolluted, aquatic natural-matrix bed-sediment reference samples for the collaborative testing of chemical methods of analysis for sediments and similar materials. Reference samples prepared using this practice are intended for use as natural sediments, analyzable for major, minor, and trace elements, and general physical/organic analyses only. The samples are not designed or tested for environmental pollutants such as trace organic compounds.1.2 Few, if any, aquatic sediment reference materials have been certified, defined, or are even available for developing or evaluating partial and sequential extraction procedures. This practice describes factors and considerations in site selection, sample characteristics, collection, and subsequent raw sample treatment needed to prepare natural-matrix bed-material sediments for use as partial or sequential extraction procedure reference test samples. The user of this practice is cautioned that in light of the many variables that may affect natural materials, neither the list of factors included for evaluation nor preparation of natural-matrix reference samples should be considered as all inclusive. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity and applicability of these practices for preparing specific-matrix samples appropriate for testing the constituents of interest and the operationally defined extraction procedures utilized.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

Each year, many thousands of water samples are collected, and the chemical components are determined from natural and human-influenced groundwater sources. An understanding of the relationship between the similarities and differences of these water analyses is simplified by use of data analytical methods and the display of the results of these methods as pictorial diagrams. This guide presents a compilation of the diagrams used for illustrating the results of these methods. This type of diagram summarizes data from a number of analyses to allow for an objective comparison between the chemical and related parameters. The diagrams based on data analytical calculations described in this guide display the following; time and areal trends; maximums, minimums, and means; relationships between chemical and associated parameters; significant outliers; distributions; and a summary of a number of data parameters. The objective interpretations of the origin, composition, and interrelationships of groundwater are common uses of the diagrams based on data analytical calculations. The origin of the water may be postulated by the amount and the relationship of the chemical constituents in a sample of water analyses summarized on the diagrams. The chemical composition of the water can be scrutinized for distinct characteristics and anomalies by use of the diagrams. A graphical comparison of distinct data sets of chemical analyses allows the investigator to evaluate the interrelationships of the groundwater from separate locations. This is not a guide for the selection of a diagram for a distinct purpose. That choice is program or project specific. Note 5—For many hydrochemical research problems involving the scientific interpretation of groundwater, the ′analytical water-analysis diagram' is only one segment of several methods needed to interpret the data.1.1 This guide covers methods that graphically display chemical analyses of multiple groundwater samples, discrete values and also those reduced to comprehensive summaries or parameters. Details required by the investigator to fully use the methods are found in the listed references. The methods included in this guide are many of the graphical procedures that were not discussed in two previous guides, Guides D5738 and D5754. Note 1—The graphic methods in this guide apply to both raw and transformed data, for example, unaltered medians, maximums, and minimums and transformed means, square-roots, frequency distributions, and so forth. The methods are often computational intensive, requiring the use of a digital computer. Some graphical methods illustrate the results of the statistical analysis of a sample data set. For example, box plots are graphical portrayals of the maximum, minimum, median, 25th percentile, and 75th percentile of one variable, such as the chloride ion from a group of chemical analyses. Besides chemical components, other variables that may be plotted to show an interdependence with water chemistry include time, distance, and temperature. 1.2 This guide on diagrams based on data analytical calculations is the third of several documents to inform the hydrologists and geochemists about traditional graphical methods for displaying groundwater chemical data. Note 2—The initial guide described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display, on a single diagram, the common chemical components from two or more analyses of natural groundwater. 1.2.1 The second guide described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use pattern and pictorial methods as a basis for displaying each of the individual chemical components determined from the analysis of a single sample of natural groundwater. 1.3 This guide presents a compilation of diagrams that allows for transformation of numerical data into visual, usable forms. It is not a guide to selection or use. That choice is program or project specific. 1.4 Many graphic techniques have been developed by investigators to illustrate the results of the data analytical computations to assist in summarizing and interpreting related data sets. In this guide, selected graphical methods are illustrated using groundwater chemistry data. 1.5 The basic or original format of each of the graphical techniques given in this guide has been modified in several ways, largely depending upon the data analytical techniques used by the investigators. Several minor modifications are mentioned, some significant revisions are discussed in more detail. 1.6 Notations have been incorporated within many diagrams illustrated in this guide to assist the reader in understanding how the diagrams are constructed. These notations would not be required on a diagram designed for inclusion in a project document. Note 3—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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5.1 The presence and concentration of elements in lime and limestone is important in determining product quality and its suitability for various uses. This test method provides a means of measuring the major and trace element concentration in lime and limestone.1.1 The following test method covers the use of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) in the analysis of major and trace elements in limestone and lime (calcined limestone).1.2 Table 1 lists some of the elements that can be analyzed by this test method and the preferred wavelengths. Also see U.S. EPA Methods 200.7 and 200.9.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车