3.1 The establishment of these test methods for municipal ferrous scrap as a raw material for certain industries (see Specification E702) will aid commerce in such scrap by providing the chemical and physical tests for the characterization of the scrap needed as a basis for communication between the purchaser and supplier.1.1 These test methods cover various tests for assessing the usefulness of a ferrous fraction recovered from municipal wastes.1.2 These test methods comprise both chemical and physical tests, as follows:  SectionSampling  5Bulk Density  6Total Combustibles  7Chemical Analysis (for Industries Other Than the Detinning Industry)  8Magnetic Fraction (for the Detinning Industry)  9Chemical Analysis for Tin (for the Detinning Industry) 10Metallic Yield for All Industries Other Than the Copper Industry and the Detinning Industry 111.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the chemical and physical requirements of municipal ferrous scrap that are intended for use by such industries listed as follows: copper industry, iIron and steel foundries, iron and steel production, detinning industry, and ferroalloy industry. Municipal ferrous scrap shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition for the respective end uses prescribed. Also, municipal ferrous scrap shall conform to the physical properties for the respective end uses prescribed.1.1 This specification covers the chemical and physical requirements of municipal ferrous scrap that are intended for use by such industries listed as follows:1.1.1 Copper industry (precipitation process),1.1.2 Iron and steel foundries,1.1.3 Iron and steel production,1.1.4 Detinning industry, and1.1.5 Ferroalloy industry.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 Questions concerning material rejection, downgrading, and retesting based on failure to meet the requirements of this specification shall be dealt with through contractual arrangements between the purchaser and the supplier.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method is used to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to a controlled composting environment. Aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are closely monitored and controlled. 1.2 The test is designed to determine the biodegradability of plastic materials, relative to that of a standard material, in an aerobic environment. Aeration of the test reactors is maintained at a constant rate throughout the test and reactor vessels of a size no greater than 4-L volume are used to ensure that the temperature of the vessels is approximately the same as that of the controlled environment chamber. 1.3 Biodegradability of the plastic is assessed by determining the amount of weight loss from samples exposed to a biologically active compost relative to the weight loss from samples exposed to a "poisoned" control. 1.4 The test is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria and fungi present in the simulated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1- There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of synthetic plastic materials (including formulation additives that may be biodegradable) on exposure to activated-sewage sludge inoculum under laboratory conditions. 1.2 This test method is designed to index plastic materials that are more or less biodegradable relative to a standard in an aerobic environment. 1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria present in the activated sewage sludge. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8.

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The degree and rate of anaerobic biodegradability of a plastic material in this test method may be predictive of the time period required to eliminate that plastic from the environment depending on the similarities of the environments. With increasing use of plastics, disposal is a major issue. This test method may be useful to estimate the degree and persistence of plastics in biologically active anaerobic disposal sites. This test method determines the rate and degree of anaerobic biodegradation by measuring the evolved volume of carbon dioxide and methane, as a function of time of exposure to anaerobic-digester sludge.Anaerobic sewer-digester sludge from treatment of clarifier sludge at a waste-water treatment plant that treats principally municipal waste is an acceptable active anaerobic environment (available over a wide geographical area) in which to test a broad range of plastic materials. This test method may be considered an accelerated test with respect to a typical anaerobic environment, such as landfill sites that plastics encounter in usual disposal methods because of the highly active microbial population of anaerobic-digester sludge.1.1 This test method determines the degree and rate of anaerobic biodegradation of synthetic plastic materials (including formulation additives) on exposure to anaerobic-digester municipal sewage sludge from a waste-water plant, under laboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is designed to index plastic materials that are more or less biodegradable relative to a positive standard in an anaerobic environment.1.3 This test method is applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the microorganisms present in anaerobic sewage sludge.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8.

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4.1 Waste composition information has widespread applications and can be used for activities such as solid waste planning, designing waste management facilities, and establishing a reference waste composition for use as a baseline standard in both facility contracts and acceptance test plans.4.2 The method can be used to define and report the composition of MSW through the selection and manual sorting of waste samples. Where applicable, care should be taken to consider the source and seasonal variation of waste.4.3 After performing a waste composition analysis, laboratory analyses may be performed on representative samples of waste components, or mixtures of waste components, for purposes related to the planning, management, design, testing, and operation of resource recovery facilities.1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste (MSW) by employing manual sorting. This test method applies to determination of the mean composition of MSW based on the collection and manual sorting of a number of samples of waste over a selected time period covering a minimum of one week.1.2 This test method includes procedures for the collection of a representative sorting sample of unprocessed waste, manual sorting of the waste into individual waste components, data reduction, and reporting of the results.1.3 This test method may be applied at landfill sites, waste processing and conversion facilities, and transfer stations.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

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5.1 Many materials that come into contact with drinking water have the potential of impacting the aesthetic quality of the water. Some of these diverse materials include: storage reservoirs, concrete or metal piping, or both, sealants, synthetic reservoir covers and liners, mending adhesives, gaskets, paints, and plastics. Though NSF Standard 61 provides testing for health effects, it does not address taste and odor implications. A Utility Quick Test (1),4 has been proposed, but has not been adopted as an official test standard. Taste and odor problems have been reported as a result of organic compounds leaching from approved materials into water. Materials only need to be tested if they come into direct contact with drinking water.1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring odor and flavor properties of materials which may come into direct contact with municipal drinking water. For this method, “drinking water” will be considered water from the source (for example, river, lake, reservoir) through the municipal distribution system (that is, not including in-home or in-business taps). The focus of this test method is the evaluation of the materials in terms of their potential to transfer odors, flavors, or both to water.1.2 This test method provides sample preparation procedures, methods of sensory evaluation, and a process for interpretation of results.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. All materials that come into contact with drinking water are required to be approved through testing by accredited laboratories using NSF/ANSI Standard 61. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification defines procedures for determining the performance of certain landfill daily cover materials such as sprayed slurries, foams, and indigenous materials generally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC) for municipal solid waste landfills. It is not applicable to other types of landfills and to geosynthetics used as an ADC. It addresses the evaluation of an ADC and its ability to control fires and odors and whether or not the cover contains materials that present a threat to human health and the environment. Materials shall be tested at accredited laboratories to determine the physical properties such as potential for fire production, water vapor permeance, toxicity, and leaching potential. The control of disease vectors and blowing litter shall be evaluated by observation while scavenging shall be controlled by security procedures and other operating practices.1.1 This specification defines procedures for determining the performance of certain landfill daily cover materials generally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC). This specification applies only to slurries or foams that are spray applied, or indigenous materials that are placed onto the working face of a municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) unit as a cover. It is not applicable to other types of landfills nor geosynthetics used as an ADC.1.2 This standard addresses the evaluation of an ADC and its ability to control fires and odors and whether or not the cover contains materials that present a threat to human health and the environment. The control of disease vectors and blowing litter can be evaluated by observation, and scavenging is controlled by security procedures and other operating practices.1.3 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D, which establish criteria for municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). These regulations became effective October 9, 1991. The cover material requirements of these regulations are set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 258.21 as follows:(a) “Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the owners or operators of all MSWLF units must cover disposed solid waste with 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary, to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging.”(b) “Alternative materials of an alternative thickness (other than at least 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material) may be approved by the Director of the Solid Waste Regulatory Agency of an approved State if the owner or operator demonstrates that the alternative material and thickness control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging without presenting a threat to human health and the environment.”1.3.1 These federal regulations have the force of the law, and it is the purpose of this specification to define the test procedures necessary to comply with these regulations.1.3.2 In order for a MSWLF landfill operator to obtain approval for use of an ADC, the operator must supply performance data to the state Solid Waste Regulatory Agency. In general, the technique used to obtain this permission involves applying to the state Solid Waste Regulatory agency for a sanitary MSWLF operating permit modification.NOTE 1: Manufacturers will provide performance data for their product.1.3.3 Parties interested in the evaluation technology described in the Standard Practice should include MSWLF operators, engineering firms, local, state, and federal Solid Waste Regulatory Agencies, and manufacturers and vendors of ADC materials.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 The following procedures and practices are intended to provide guidelines for processing and quality control that will provide acceptable results for the intended end use, keeping in mind the varying quality of the castings available.1.2 The recommendations are based on what have been acceptable industry standards and experiences for over 40 years of proven product usage.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Bacteria and fungi present in municipal solid wastes (as well as in other forms of waste) may become airborne as dusts during waste processing. Several investigations to determine the health significance of these microbiological aerosols have been hindered by the lack of standardized procedures for sampling airborne bacteria and fungi in an industrial environment and by the absence of standards for assessing their health significance. Because it is difficult to correlate airborne levels of bacteria and fungi with epidemiological data, this standard is designed to permit the formation of a data base to aid in the assessment of the health significance of airborne microorganisms. It is intended that the use of this practice will improve sampling precision and thereby facilitate comparisons between sampling results.1.1 This practice covers sampling of airborne microorganisms at municipal solid-waste processing facilities, hereafter referred to as facilities. Investigators should consult Practice D1357 for the general principles of conducting an air-sampling program.1.2 This practice applies only to sampling airborne bacteria and fungi, not viruses. Since sampling airborne viruses is significantly more difficult than sampling bacteria and fungi, reliable methods of sampling viruses are not yet available.

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This specification establishes the requirements for labelling of materials and products (including packaging), wherein a biodegradable plastic film or coating is attached (either through lamination or extrusion directly onto the paper) to compostable substrates and the entire product or package is designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities. This specification, however, does not describe the contents of the product or their performance with regards to compostability or biodegradability. In order to compost satisfactorily, the product must demonstrate each of the three characteristics as follows: (1) proper disintegration during composting; (2) adequate level of inherent biodegradation; and (3) no adverse impacts on the ability of composts to support plant growth.1.1 This specification covers end items that include plastics or polymers where plastic film/ sheet or polymers are incorporated (either through lamination, extrusion or mixing) to substrates and the entire end item is designed to be composted under aerobic conditions in municipal and industrial composting facilities, where thermophilic temperatures are achieved.1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of end items which use plastics or polymers as coatings or binders, as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities.”1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if end items (including packaging) which use plastics and polymers as coatings or binders will compost satisfactorily, in large scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting where maximum throughput is a high priority and where intermediate stages of plastic biodegradation must not be visible to the end user for aesthetic reasons.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent for this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and4.2.5 Copper refiners.1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been subdivided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers plastics and products made from plastics that are designed to be composted in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities. The properties in this specification are those required to determine if plastics and products made from plastics will compost satisfactorily, including biodegrading at a rate comparable to known compostable materials. The purpose of this specification is to establish standards for identifying products and materials that will compost satisfactorily in commercial and municipal composting facilities.1.1 This specification covers plastics and products made from plastics that are designed to be composted under aerobic conditions in municipal and industrial aerobic composting facilities, where thermophilic conditions are achieved.1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of materials and products, including packaging made from plastics, as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities.”1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if end items (including packaging), which use plastics and polymers as coatings or binders will compost satisfactorily, in large scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting facilities. Maximum throughput is a high priority to composters and the intermediate stages of plastic disintegration and biodegradation not be visible to the end user for aesthetic reasons.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 17088.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 MSW composting is considered an important component in the overall solid waste management strategy. The volume reduction achieved by composting, combined with the production of a usable end product (for example, compost as a soil amendment), has resulted in municipalities analyzing and selecting source-separated organic MSW composting as an alternative to landfill disposal of biodegradable organic materials. This standard provides a method to analyze and determine the effect of materials on the compost process and the performance, utility, and feasibility of the composting process as a method for managing organic solid waste material.5 Using this method, key parameters of process performance, including theoretical oxygen uptake (ThOU) and theoretical carbon dioxide production (ThCO2P) are determined.5.2 This test method provides a simulation of the overall compost process while maintaining reproducibility. Exposing the test material with several other types of organic materials that are typically in MSW provides an environment which provides the key characteristics of the composting process, including direct measurement of organism respiration.1.1 This test method covers the biodegradation properties of a material by reproducibly exposing materials to conditions typical of source-separated organic municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. A material is composted under controlled conditions using a synthetic compost matrix and determining the acclimation time, cumulative oxygen uptake, cumulative carbon dioxide production, and percent of theoretical biodegradation over the period of the test. This test method does not establish the suitability of the composted product for any use.1.2 This test is performed at mesophilic temperatures. Some municipal compost operations reach thermophilic temperatures during operation. Thermophilic temperatures can affect the biodegradation of some materials. This test is not intended to replicate conditions within municipal compost operations that reach thermophilic temperatures.1.3 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers cellulosic-fiber-based packaging materials and products associated with food, landscape waste, and other compost feedstocks, which are intended to be composted under aerobic conditions in municipal and industrial composting facilities, where thermophilic temperatures are achieved.1.2 This specification covers cellulosic-based uncoated and coated packaging materials and products and covers whole packaging products. Products covered in this specification include cellulosic fiber-based products produced from cellulosic pulp, corrugated materials, containerboard, paper, paperboard, and molded fiber.1.3 This specification excludes end items where thermoplastic polymer is laminated or extruded to cellulosic substrates.1.4 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling cellulosic-fiber-based packaging materials and products as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities” in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Federal Trade Commission,2 provided the label includes proper qualifications as to the availability of such facilities.1.5 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if packaging materials and products will compost satisfactorily in large-scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting where maximum throughput is a high priority and where intermediate stages of biodegradation must not be apparent to the end user for aesthetic reasons.1.6 This specification is technically equivalent to ISO 18606.1.7.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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