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定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

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5.1 The water content of a soil is used throughout geotechnical engineering practice both in the laboratory and in the field. The use of Test Method D2216 for water content determination can be time consuming and there are occasions when a more expedient method is desirable. The use of a microwave oven is one such method.5.2 The principal objection to the use of the microwave oven for water-content determination has been the possibility of overheating the soil, thereby yielding a water content higher than would be determined by Test Method D2216. While not eliminating this possibility, the incremental drying procedure described in this test method will minimize its effects. Some microwave ovens have settings at less than full power, which can also be used to reduce overheating.5.3 The behavior of a soil, when subjected to microwave energy, is dependent on its mineralogical compositions, and as a result no one procedure is applicable for all types of soil. Therefore, the procedure recommended in this test method is meant to serve as a guide when using the microwave oven.5.4 This test method is best suited for minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve sized material. Larger size particles can be tested; however, care must be taken because of the increased chance of particle shattering.5.5 The use of this method may not be appropriate when highly accurate results are required, or the test using the data is extremely sensitive to moisture variations.5.6 Due to the localized high temperatures that the specimen is exposed to in microwave heating, the physical characteristics of the soil may be altered. Degregation of individual particles may occur, along with vaporization or chemical transition. It is therefore recommended that samples used in this test method not be used for other tests subsequent to drying.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method outlines procedures for determining the water content of soils by incrementally drying soil in a microwave oven.1.2 This test method can be used as a substitute for Test Method D2216 when more rapid results are desired to expedite other phases of testing and slightly less accurate results are acceptable.1.3 When questions of accuracy between this test method and Test Method D2216 arise, Test Method D2216 shall be the referee method.1.4 This test method is applicable for most soil types. For some soils, such as those containing significant amounts of halloysite, mica, montmorillonite, gypsum or other hydrated materials, highly organic soils, or soils in which the pore water contains significant amounts of dissolved solids (such as salt in the case of marine deposits), this test method may not yield reliable water content values due to the potential for heating above 110°C or lack of means to account for the presence of precipitated solids that were previously dissolved.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Performance of the test method utilizing another system of units shall not be considered non-conformance. The sieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 2.0-mm and 19-mm, followed by the “alternative” system of No. 10 and 3/4-in., respectively, in parentheses.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless otherwise superseded by this standard.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.6.2 Significant digits are especially important if the water content will be used to calculate other relationships such as moist mass to dry mass or vice versa, wet unit weight to dry unit weight or vice versa, and total density to dry density or vice versa. For example, if four significant digits are required in any of the above calculations, then the water content has to be recorded to the nearest 0.1 %, for water contents below 100 %. This occurs since 1 plus the water content (not in percent) will have four significant digits regardless of what the value of the water content is (below 100 %); that is, 1 plus 0.1/100 = 1.001, a value with four significant digits. While, if three significant digits are acceptable, then the water content can be recorded to the nearest 1 %.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 302 °F (150 °C) as indicated by viscosity and other rheological measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 302 °F (150 °C) level, more or less effect on properties will occur. This test method can also be used to determine mass change, which is a measure of asphalt volatility.NOTE 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method is intended to measure the effect of heat and air on a moving film of semi-solid asphaltic materials. The effects of this treatment are determined from measurements of the selected properties of the asphalt before and after the test.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Poly(vinyl chloride) compositions degrade by discoloration on prolonged exposure to heat. The degree of discoloration is related to the condition of exposure, such as length of period and temperature. When the conditions of exposure are fixed and controlled, then the relative resistance to discoloration due to heat of two or more compositions is able to be determined. The precision of heat stability testing is also dependent on the thickness of the specimens and the history of heat exposure prior to testing. This practice allows for control or the reporting of these variables.4.2 This practice is particularly applicable for determining gross differences in the heat stabilities of poly(vinyl chloride) compositions that are detectable as a color change. It is not intended to measure absolute thermal stability. This test method applies when observed changes are evidence of degradation, molecular degradation phenomena such as chain-scission or cross-linking are not identifiable.4.3 While discoloration caused by exposure to elevated temperature is commonly regarded as evidence of degradation in poly (vinyl chloride) compositions, some vinyl compositions undergo substantial change in color without appreciable loss of mechanical strength, chemical resistance, etc., whereas others resist change in color yet undergo substantial change in other properties. Do not take resistance to discoloration as sole evidence of thermal stability. It is recommended that this test be supplemented by others such as tensile strength and elongation, impact strength, and deflection temperature under load (for rigid compositions), durometer hardness (for nonrigid compositions), and dilute solution viscosity. The test results before and after oven exposure are compared to determine the degree of degradation that has been produced in each of the properties measured.4.4 This practice is able to predict the relative discoloration in processing, provided that the compositions in question are tested at the relative maximum temperatures developed in processing.4.5 This practice is not applicable to materials that will cross-contaminate during oven exposure.1.1 This practice lists procedures for determining the relative thermal stability of sheet or molded poly(vinyl chloride) compounds as indicated by discoloration due to exposure to an elevated temperature at controlled oven conditions.1.2 A specimen preparation technique using a two-roll mill is provided for compositions that are not in molded or sheeted form.1.3 This practice is not intended for use in purchasing specifications because the conditions of processing plastic compounds vary widely, and the degree of correlation of data obtained by this practice to process exposure has not been determined. However, despite this limitation, this practice does yield data of value in judging the comparative service quality of poly(vinyl chloride) compositions.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard is similar in content, but not technically equivalent to ISO 305–1990.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The energy input rate test and thermostat calibration are used to confirm that the combination oven is operating properly prior to further testing and to ensure that all test results are determined at the same temperature.5.2 Preheat energy and time can be useful to food service operators to manage power demands and to know how quickly the combination oven can be ready for operation.5.3 Idle energy rate and pilot energy rate can be used to estimate energy consumption during non-cooking periods.5.4 Cooking-energy efficiency is a precise indicator of combination oven energy performance under various operating conditions. This information enables the food service operator to consider energy performance when selecting a combination oven.5.5 Production capacity can be used by food service operators to choose a combination oven that matches their food output requirements.5.6 Water consumption characterization is useful for estimating water and sewage costs associated with combination oven operation.5.7 Condensate temperature measurement is useful to verify that the condensate temperature does not violate applicable building codes and is a requirement of Energy Star® data.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the energy and water consumption and the cooking performance of combination ovens that can be operated in hot air convection, steam, and the combination of both hot air convection and steam modes. The test method is also applicable to convection ovens with moisture injection. The results of this test method can be used to evaluate a combination oven and understand its energy consumption.1.2 This test method is applicable to gas and electric combination ovens that can be operated in convection, steam and combination modes.1.3 The combination oven can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):1.3.1 Energy input rate and thermostat calibration (10.2).1.3.2 Preheat energy consumption and time (10.3).1.3.3 Idle energy rate in convection, steam and combination modes (10.4).1.3.4 Pilot energy rate (if applicable) (10.5).1.3.5 Cooking-energy efficiency, cooking energy rate, production capacity, water consumption and condensate temperature in steam mode (Appendix X1) (10.6).1.3.6 Cooking-energy efficiency, cooking energy rate, and production capacity in convection mode (10.7).1.3.7 Cooking uniformity in combination mode (X1.3).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Under the conditions of this test, the specimens undergo degradation at a rate that is a function of the thermal endurance of the polyolefin geomembrane under examination.4.2 The rate of change of a particular property as a function of temperature may be evaluated using the temperatures and times outlined in Practice D3045.4.3 Any correlation between this practice and service life of polyolefin geomembranes must be determined for the particular application in which they are to be used.4.4 Air-oven aging can be used to evaluate and compare the performance of various heat stabilizer packages exposed to air oxidation.1.1 This practice covers a means for estimating the resistance of polyolefin geomembranes to thermal aging in the presence of air.1.2 This practice should be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change in some property of interest. This practice does not predict thermal aging characteristics where interactions between stress, environment, temperature, and time control failure.1.3 This practice is useful for the development of formulations of polyolefin geomembranes.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal aging. This test method provides a way to assess these performance characteristics of rubber, under certain accelerated conditions as specified.4.2 Please refer to Annex A1 for important information on standard compounds used for precision testing for accelerated test aging evaluation.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the influence of elevated temperature on the physical properties of vulcanized rubber. The results of this test method may not give an exact correlation with service performance since performance conditions vary widely. This test method may, however, be used to evaluate rubber compounds on a laboratory comparison basis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For specific precautionary statement, see Note 1.)1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method for testing the moisture content of cotton can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of lint cotton provided the between-laboratory bias is known.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories, or more, comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. Compare the test results from the two laboratories using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 Information on the moisture content of cotton is desirable since the physical properties of cotton are significantly affected by its moisture content. High moisture content increases flexibility, toughness, elongation, and tensile strength. Too high a moisture content causes difficulty in processing due to the tendency of the stock to “lap-up” on drafting rolls. Low moisture, on the other hand, facilitates cleaning but increases the brittleness of the fiber and results in fiber breakage during ginning, cleaning, and mill processing. Low moisture also increases fly waste and may cause manufacturing difficulties due to static electricity.5.3 Variations in the amount of moisture present affect the mass and hence the market value of a lot of material sold at a definite price per unit mass. Knowledge of the moisture content or regain can be accordingly an important financial consideration.5.4 Moisture content variation affects lap, sliver, and roving linear density which in turn controls yarn number variation.5.5 The mass of the oven-dry specimen used in this method is the mass observed after the specimen has been dried in an oven supplied with ambient air. The observed mass is accordingly subject to minor variations. These variations, however, are believed to be without significance in commercial transactions.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture in cotton by oven-drying and is applicable to raw cotton, cotton stock in process, and cotton waste.1.2 This test method may also, by agreement, be used for determining moisture in blends of cotton with other fibers.1.3 This test method offers alternative procedures for weighing the dried specimens, one procedure using an oven balance (9.3) and the other using a desiccator (9.4).NOTE 1: For other methods of determination of moisture in textile materials refer to Test Method D2654, which includes two options based on drying in an oven, and one option based on distillation with an immiscible solvent: Test Methods D885, Test Method D1576, Test Method D2462.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate the heat resistance of materials, clothing, and equipment when exposed to heat in a hot air circulating oven. The principal findings of this test method are observations of the specimen response to the heat exposure.5.1.1 The majority of procedures specified in this test method apply to the evaluation of flat material specimens.5.1.2 When evaluating non-flat materials, alternative procedures are required for mounting specimens and interpreting the effects of the heat exposure.5.2 If specified, this test method is used for the measurement of material dimensional change following a convective heat exposure in a hot air circulating oven.5.3 This test method is not intended to simulate the actual exposure of material, clothing, or equipment in high-heat conditions such as a fire environment.1.1 This test method covers quantitative measurements and subjective observations that characterize the performance for evaluating the heat resistance of materials, protective clothing, and equipment when exposed in a hot air circulating oven.1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate physical changes in materials, protective clothing, and equipment at a specified heat exposure.1.2.1 The specified heat exposure in the hot air circulating oven is a combination of convective heat and radiant heat.1.3 Materials, protective clothing, and equipment are evaluated for visible changes or subjected to a material property measurement following a specified heat exposure.1.3.1 This test method is not to be used for the evaluation of sticking. An acceptable method for evaluating sticking of fabrics is described in NFPA 1975, Sections 7.2.1 and 8.3. The NFPA 1975 test method evaluates the thermal stability of specimens by assessing the blocking of folded specimens placed between glass plates, under a specified weight, inside an oven meeting the same characteristics of the oven used in this test method.1.4 This test method enables the quantitative measurement of dimensional change that occurs as a result of a specified heat exposure in a hot air circulating oven.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Flame-resistant and heat-resistant materials are described in a range of different standards and meet a range of different requirements. For materials tested in accordance with this test method, the applicable standard shall be used to establish preconditioning, conditioning, and testing conditions and requirements.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice describes a microwave oven practice used to dissolve glass samples that may contain nuclear wastes. The resulting solutions are then used to determine metals and radionuclides in support of glass vitrification plant operations and materials development programs. This practice can be used to dissolve production glass samples, vitrified melter feeds, and sludges.1.2 This practice is introduced to provide the user with an alternative means to Test Methods C 169 for dissolution of waste containing glass in shielded facilities. Test Methods C 169 is not practical for use in such facilities and with radioactive materials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元