5.1 Tinting strength is an essential property of printing ink dispersions. Although test results on wet drawdowns and tints do not guarantee equivalency of dry printed ink films, they provide useful parameters for quality assurance of established formulations, gaging relative degree of dispersion, and estimating the color value of colorants from different batches, sources, or grades.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the relative tinting strength of paste-type printing ink dispersions by visual or instrumental evaluation of tints prepared by manual or automated mixing.1.2 These test methods are applicable to paste-type printing inks, flushed pigments, and other pigment dispersions that are essentially nonvolatile under ordinary room conditions and for which there is a wet reference standard of the same pigmentation and consistency. With proper choice of tinting base, they are applicable to dispersions of any color, including black and white.NOTE 1: The instrumental procedures for tinting strength are similar in principle to those described in Test Methods D387, D2745, D4838, and D6531.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Laboratory proofing of ink is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.4.2 This practice does not duplicate the dynamics of a high speed press, nevertheless, it is useful for quality control and for specification acceptance between the producer and the user where there is an agreed upon specification for reflection density or standard reference print.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for preparing prints of paste inks using a hand operated flat-bed laboratory proof press. The initial method was developed by the National Printing Ink Research Institute.21.2 This practice is applicable to the preparation of single-color solid-area prints by the dry offset process (also known as Letterset) on a flat substrate such as paper or metal. It can readily be adapted to print by direct letterpress.3NOTE 1: The proofing press described in this practice can also be used with printing gages in accordance with Practice D6846.1.3 This practice is applicable primarily to lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With the addition of appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other systems such as heat-set or energy-curable.1.4 The instructions in this practice are intended to minimize the within-print and among-operator variability inherent in hand operations.1.5 This practice does not measure the actual film thickness on the print, but evaluates film thickness equivalence by visual or instrumental comparisons of reflection density.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples.5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints.5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films.1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish whether a cement complies with a specification limit on Gillmore time of setting.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic-cement paste by means of the Gillmore needles.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)21.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Autogenous strain is the self-created bulk strain of cement paste, mortar, or concrete during hardening at constant temperature. In conventional concrete, autogenous shrinkage strain is generally negligible, but in concrete with low water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) or with silica fume it may be considerable (1).5 Restraint of the autogenous strain by aggregates or adjoining structural members may result in formation of micro and macro cracks that impair strength, durability and aesthetics. Cracks may also be a problem with regard to hygienic cleaning of surfaces.5.2 An accurate measurement of the autogenous strain of cementitious mixtures with low w/cm is important for evaluating the risk of early-age cracking of concrete structures. Measurements of autogenous strain have been carried out using either volumetric or linear methods. Both methods may show evidence of significant artifacts (1); therefore, results of the two methods may disagree considerably if not carried out properly.5.3 A sealed, flexible corrugated mold system (2) combines the advantages of linear and volumetric measurement of autogenous strain, while avoiding most of their disadvantages. The mold effectively prevents moisture loss and minimizes restraint to volume change during hardening. Moreover, results obtained with the corrugated mold system agree with those from the volumetric method, once some artifacts, in particular water absorption through the membrane used to contain the test specimen, have been eliminated in the latter (3,4). The corrugated mold system is easier to use and shows better repeatability than the volumetric technique (3,4). Measurements with the corrugated mold system are in good agreement with unrestrained length change measurements obtained using Test Method C157/C157M with sealed specimens (5); however, Test Method C157/C157M does not allow measurement of the shrinkage occurring before 24 h (5).5.4 This test method can be used to evaluate the effects of cementitious materials, admixtures, and mixture proportions on autogenous shrinkage strain of paste or mortar specimens.5.5 The autogenous shrinkage strain of mortar specimens will be less than that of paste specimens for the same w/cm. The autogenous shrinkage strain of concrete will be less than that of mortar for the same w/cm. The nominal maximum aggregate size for mortar used in this test method is 4.75 mm.1.1 This test method measures the bulk strain of a sealed cement paste or mortar specimen, including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials, at constant temperature and not subjected to external forces, from the time of final setting until a specified age. This strain is known as autogenous strain. Autogenous strain is most significant in concrete with low water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) (See Note 1).NOTE 1: A low water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) can be considered to be a water to cement ratio of 0.40 or lower for this test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Laboratory proofing of inks is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Printing Gages (not drawn to scale)4.2 A unique advantage of printing gages is that, depending on the design selected, prints can be produced at a range of tapered film thicknesses or at several levels of uniform thicknesses in a single proofing. Because of the built-in film thickness control, ink metering is not necessary. Relatively small quantities of test samples are used, and less than two minutes are required to ink a gage, pull a letterpress print, and clean up. In addition, problems due to ink distribution systems are eliminated, two inks may be proofed at the same time, and multi-color printing is possible.4.3 This practice does not duplicate the dynamics of a high speed press, nevertheless, it is useful for quality control and for specification acceptance between the producer and the user.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste inks using a printing gage in conjunction with a flat-bed proof press.1.2 This practice is applicable to the preparation of solid-area prints by direct letterpress or by dry offset on a flat substrate such as paper, paperboard, or metal.1.3 This practice is applicable primarily to lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With the addition of appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other paste ink systems such as heat-set or energy-curable.1.4 The instructions in this practice are intended to minimize the within-print and among-operator variability inherent in hand operations.1.5 This practice features built-in ink film thickness control. It does not measure the film thickness transferred to the print; however, film thickness equivalence may be evaluated by visual or instrumental comparisons of optical density.1.6 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 To determine acceptable working life of an adhesive, two procedures are used. This practice is intended to apply to:4.1.1 Self-contained liquid or paste adhesives,4.1.2 Adhesives requiring addition of a catalyst, hardener, filler, thinner, and so forth, or combinations of two or more of these materials just prior to use, and4.1.3 Powdered or flaked adhesives which are dissolved in water or other solvent and are used as liquid or paste adhesives.1.1 This practice covers two procedures applicable to all adhesives having a relatively short working life. It is intended to determine whether the working life conforms to the minimum specified working life of an adhesive required by consistency tests or by bond strength tests, or by both.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Rheological properties determined using this guide include plastic viscosity and yield stress as defined by the Bingham model and apparent viscosity.4.2 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of hydraulic cementitious paste. As an example, the yield stress and plastic viscosity indicate the behavior of a specific cement paste composition. As another example, the apparent viscosity indicates what energy is required to move the suspension at a given strain rate. This test may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.4.3 Rheological properties may be sensitive to the procedure being used. This guide describes procedures that are expected to provide reproducible results.1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 It is generally recognized that the best method for evaluating printing properties of ink-substrate combinations is by actual printing. this practice provides a convenient method for preparing repeatable laboratory prints at realistic conditions of printing speed, printing pressure and ink film thickness.5.2 This practice is useful for quality control, specification acceptance between producer and user, product development and research. Printed samples have found widespread applications for color matching, gloss-ink holdout and other appearance properties, permanency, abrasion, drying time and many other tests of interest to the printing ink, paper and allied industries.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste printing inks using a motor-driven printability tester.1.2 This practice covers printability testers of four different designs, referred to as Tester A, B, C, and D. These testers feature “push-button” control of printing speed and pressure and facilitate measurement of exact ink film thickness.1.3 This practice is intended primarily for lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other systems such as heat-set or energy curable.1.4 This practice is applicable to the preparation of single-color solid-area prints by dry offset (also know as letterset) or by letterpress on any flat surface including paper, paperboard, plastic film, textiles, and metal.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The only other unit of measurement used is fpm.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers aluminum pigments in powder and paste forms for use in paints. The aluminum pigments are available in four types, as follows: Type I, leafing powder; Type II, leafing paste; Type III, nonleafing powder; and Type IV, nonleafing paste. Each type is grouped into three classes based on residue retained on a No. 325 sieve, as follows: Class A, fine; Class B, medium; and Class C, coarse. Materials shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to composition of non-volatile matter, easily extracted fatty and oily matter (polishing lubricant), total impurities other than fatty and oily matter, coarse particles as total residue retained, and leafing ability.1.1 This specification covers four types and three classes of aluminum pigments for use in paints.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatile organic compound (VOC40) content of non-heatset printing ink systems of the paste type using a baking cycle of 1 h at 40°C. 1.2 This test method is applicable to paste printing inks and vehicles that dry primarily by absorption, polymerization, or related means without the application of heat. Such systems do not contain appreciable quantities of low-boiling solvents that evaporate readily at ordinary room temperatures. Note 1-The 40°C baking temperature in this test method is the same as that specified in Bay Area Method 30. The temperature of heating is 110°C in several related test methods, for example, D2369, D4713 and EPA Reference Method 24. VOC determinations are reviewed in ASTM Manual Series MNL 4. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

6.1 Adhesives used in the repair of sandwich panels for durable, rigidwall, relocatable structures must have a combination of mechanical property levels and environmental resistance that will ensure long-term durability of the adhesive bonds when exposed to severe climatic exposures. In addition, these adhesives must have processability characteristics that permit their use in a variety of repair scenarios and environments.6.2 This specification defines those characteristics that are required of adhesives to be used in the repair of sandwich panels for durable, rigidwall, relocatable structures.AbstractThis specification defines those characteristics that are required of adhesives to be used in the repair of sandwich panels for durable, rigid wall, relocatable structures. It covers two-part epoxy adhesive suitable for bonding aluminum alloy facings to nonmetallic core and core to core in the repair of durable rigid wall, relocatable structures. The adhesive shall be suitable for forming bonds that will withstand exposure to a certain temperature range and high relative humidity and will also withstand the combinations of stress, temperature, and relative humidity that are expected to be encountered in service. The adhesive shall also be suitable for the bonding of panel inserts and edge attachments. The adhesive physical characteristics such as adhesive life, curing, mix ratio, storage life, and mechanical properties shall be observed in order to determine its working characteristics. The following tests shall be conducted to determine certain mechanical properties: tensile lap shear test, flatwise tension test, climbing drum peel test, and durability test.1.1 This specification defines those characteristics that are required of adhesives to be used in the repair of sandwich panels for durable, rigidwall, relocatable structures.1.1.1 This specification covers two-part epoxy adhesive suitable for bonding aluminum alloy facings to nonmetallic core, core to core, and core to perimeter aluminum extrusion frame in the repair of durable rigidwall relocatable structures. The adhesive shall be suitable for forming bonds that will withstand exposure to temperatures from −54 °C to 93 °C (−65 °F to 199 °F) and high relative humidity and will also withstand the combinations of stress, temperature, and relative humidity that are expected to be encountered in service. The adhesive shall also be suitable for the bonding of panel inserts and edge attachments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard where only SI units are given, or where SI units are given first followed by inch-pound units; where inch-pound units are given first followed by SI units, the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a means of determining whether or not tile of the types indicated in 1.1 can be bonded with adequate strength to portland cement paste. Tile specifications can refer to this test method in order to establish minimum bond strength limits appropriate to the service conditions that are anticipated.5.2 Separation between bond coat and setting bed, or breakage of the setting bed itself shall not be considered failures of tile bond.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability of ceramic tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, porcelain tile, and paver tile to be bonded to portland cement paste. Tiles may be glazed or unglazed. This test method includes both face-mounted and back-mounted tile.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is intended to provide standard requirements for apparatus common to many test methods used in connection with cement and concrete and standardized procedures for its use. The detailed requirements as to materials, mixtures, specimens, conditioning of specimens, number of specimens, ages at which measurements are to be made, interpretation of results, and precision and bias are left to be dealt with in specific test methods.1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the apparatus and equipment used to prepare specimens for the determination of length change in hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete, the apparatus and equipment used for the determination of these length changes, and the procedures for its use.1.2 Methods for the preparation and curing of test specimens, conditions of testing and curing, and detailed procedures for calculating and reporting test results are contained in applicable test methods.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车