Since the gel time and the peak exothermic temperature of a reacting thermosetting plastic composition vary with the volume of material mixed at one time, it is essential that the volume be specified in any determination. By selection of an appropriate volume, gel time and peak exothermic data may be obtained in sufficiently precise and reproducible form or application evaluation, quality control, and material characterization of a thermosetting plastic composition. For most meaningful results, the cross sectional area of the material being examined, as well as other conditions of testing, should approximate as closely as possible the conditions of use of the material. This test method is operator-dependent since it is simple to perform. It is of value for determining conditions required to produce an end product.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time from the initial mixing of the reactants of a thermosetting plastic composition to the time when solidification commences, under conditions approximating the conditions of use. This test method also provides a means for measuring the maximum temperature reached by a reacting thermosetting plastic composition, as well as the time from initial mixing to the time when this peak exothermic temperature is reached. This test method is limited to reacting mixtures exhibiting gel times greater than 5 min. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

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1.1 This test method covers the techniques used to determine the wavelength of the photoluminescence peak and the mole percent phosphorus content of gallium arsenide phosphide, GaAs(1 x)Px.1.2 Photoluminescence measurements indicate the composition only in the illuminated region and only within a very short distance from the surface, a distance limited by the penetration of the radiation and the diffusion length of the photo-generated carriers, as contrasted to X-ray measurements which sample a much deeper volume.1.3 This test method is limited by the surface preparation procedure to application to epitaxial layers of the semiconductor grown in a vapor-phase reactor on a flat substrate. It is directly applicable to n-type GaAs(1x)Px with the wavelength, PL, of the photoluminescence peak in the range from 640 to 670 nm, corresponding to mole percent phosphorus in the range from 36 to 42 % ( x = 0.36 to 0.42). The calibration data provided for the determination of x from P L is applicable to material doped with tellurium or selenium at concentrations in the range from 1016 to 1018 atoms/cm3.1.4 The principle of this test method is more broadly applicable. Other material preparation methods may require different surface treatments. Extension to other dopants, doping ranges or composition ranges requires further work to relate PL to the phosphorus content as determined by X-ray measurements of the precise dimensions of the unit cell upon which the calibration data are based. It is essential that calibration specimens have uniform composition in the volume sampled.1.5 This test method is essentially nondestructive. It requires a light etching of the sample to be measured. The removal of a layer of material approximately 0.5 to 1.0 m in thickness is required. This etching does not degrade the specimen in that devices can still be fabricated from it.1.6 This test method is applicable to process control in the preparation of materials and to materials acceptance.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

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This test method covers the procedures for determining the peak force-to-actuate of a mechanical pump dispenser. The apparatus required to perform the tests include a motorized compression tester or custom force-to-action machine, a device that can display the resulting force, and a means to rigidly hold the mechanical pump dispenser during testing. Appropriate machine operating and substance handling should be taken and calibration should be performed on the equipment before testing the clean, dry, and unused pump dispensers.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the peak force-to-actuate, sometimes called force-to-actuate (FTA), of a mechanical pump dispenser.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Pavement surfaces have different traction characteristics, depending on many factors. Surface texture, binder content, usage, environmental exposure, and surface conditions (that is, wet, dry) are some of the factors.5.2 The measured values represent peak braking coefficients for tires of the general type in operation on passenger vehicles, obtained with a towed test trailer on a prescribed road surface, under user-defined surface conditions. Such surface conditions may include the water depth used to wet the road surface and the type of water application method. Variations in these conditions may influence the test results.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of peak braking coefficient (PBC) of paved surfaces using a standard reference test tire (SRTT) as described in Specification E1136 or F2493 that represents current technology passenger car radial tires. General test procedures and limitations are presented for determining peak braking coefficient independent of surface conditions. Actual surface test conditions are determined and controlled by the user at the time of test. Test and surface condition documentation procedures and details are specified. This measurement quantifies the peak braking coefficient at the time of test, and does not necessarily represent a maximum or fixed value.1.2 There are many specifications published that refer to the ASTM E1337 PBC Standard assuming the E1136 SRTT in determining peak brake coefficient. Correlation equations for converting data collected using an F2493 SRTT to the older E1136 specification, and converting an older E1136 specification for use with F2493 data, are included in 12.4.1.3 This test method utilizes a measurement representing the peak braking force on a braked test tire passing over a road surface. This test is conducted with a tire under a nominal vertical load at a constant speed while its major plane is parallel to its direction of motion and perpendicular to the pavement.1.4 The measured peak braking coefficient obtained with the equipment and procedures stated herein may not necessarily agree or correlate directly with those obtained by other surface coefficient measuring methods.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The PAI is representative of the quantity of all the compounds containing a carbonyl function that have formed by the oxidation of the lubricant (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, etc.). The PAI gives representative information on the chemical degradation of the lubricant which has been caused by oxidation.5.2 This test method was developed for transmission oils and is used in the CEC L-48-A-00 test (Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging) as a parameter for the end of test evaluation.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of constituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed during the oxidation of the lubricant.1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in service.1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the presence of other components with an absorbance band in the zone of 1600 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1. Low PAI values may be difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible interferences in more detail.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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