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5.1 Liquefied petroleum gases and their products of combustion must not be unduly corrosive to the materials with which they come in contact. The potential personnel exposure hazards of H2S also make the detection and measurement of hydrogen sulfide important, even in low concentrations. In addition, in some cases the odor of the gases shall not be objectionable. (See Specification D1835 and GPA 2140.)1.1 This test method2 covers the detection of hydrogen sulfide in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. The sensitivity of the test is about 4 mg/m3 (0.15 to 0.2 grain of hydrogen sulfide per 100 ft3) of gas.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 In general, wherever the possibility exists of water getting mixed with products/material (covered under 1.1) the results obtained by this test method will indicate the degree to which corrosion of iron components can be expected.5.2 Test also determines the antirust properties of products/material (covered under 1.1) in preparation for the various stages through which the tested product may pass prior to or during its transport through a pipeline.5.3 Test results are also meant to show whether or not the dosage levels and type of iron corrosion inhibitor added to a product/material (covered under 1.1) is sufficient for achieving the desired protection of affected assets such as storage tanks, process lines, and shipment systems.1.1 This test method covers an accelerated laboratory and field procedure for the determination of corrosion of iron, in the presence of water, on samples such as gasoline and gasoline blended with 10 % ethanol, E10 (Specification D4814); gasoline-blend components (except butane); diesel fuel and biodiesel B5, except Grade No. 4-D (Specification D975); biodiesel B6 to B20 (Specification D7467); diesel-blend component such as light cycle-oil; No. 1 fuel oil, No. 2 fuel oil (Specification D396); aviation turbine fuel (Specification D1655).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.2.1 Exception—Values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The moisture content of LPG can be critical to the use, transportation, or processing of LPG products, especially at cold ambient temperatures and during pressure throttling, when icing or hydrate formation, or both, are most likely to occur. In order to prevent ice or hydrate formation, or both, the water content has to be low enough to prevent the formation of free water in storage tanks and/or regulators over the entire range of operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, and compositions) encountered during normal service. For example, propane and propane-propene mixtures require moisture levels below the equilibrium saturation level of water at operating temperature and pressure for these hydrocarbons to meet specifications such as Specification D1835.5.2 The presence of free water in a propane system can lead to ice or hydrate accumulation, the blockage of vapor or liquid fuel lines, and disrupt the operation of pumps, meters, filters, valves, regulators, safety shut-off valves, and other equipment.5.3 This test method allows continuous monitoring of process flow streams and could be applied to monitoring of product dryness during transportation operations if it is known that methanol has not been added.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in the absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent.1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on aluminum oxide, Al2O3, silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure the dew point temperature of LPG.1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis from the dew point temperature of an LPG sample.1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic moisture analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a process facility where it is known that no methanol has been added to the LPG product.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit “mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and parts per million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in industry.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Residue in LPG is a contaminant that can lead to operational problems in some end use applications. Engines, micro-turbines, fuel cells and other equipment may be sensitive to residue levels as low as 10 mg/kg.5.2 Contamination of LPG can occur during production, transport, delivery, storage and use. A qualitative indication of the contaminants can help track down the source of the contamination from manufacture, through the distribution system, and to the end user.5.3 This test method is designed to provide a lower detection limit, wider dynamic range, and better accuracy than gravimetric methods like Test Method D2158.5.4 This test method can be performed with little or no discharge of LPG vapors, compared to Test Method D2158 which requires evaporation of 100 mL of sample per test.5.5 Sampling for residue in LPG using sorbent tubes can be performed in the field, and the sorbent tubes sent to a laboratory for analysis. This saves significant costs in shipping (weight of tube is approximately 10 grams), and is much safer and easier than transporting LPG cylinders.5.6 This test method determines total residues from C6 to C40, compared to a thermal gravimetric residue method such as Test Method D2158 which heat the residue to 38°C, resulting in a lower recovery due to loss of lighter residue components.5.7 If there is a need to decrease the detection limit of residue or individual compounds of interest below 10 µg/g, the procedures in this test method can be modified to achieve 50 times enhanced detection limit, or 0.2 µg/g.1.1 This test method covers the determination of residue in LPG by automated thermal desorption/gas chromatography (ATD/GC) using flame ionization detection (FID).1.2 The quantitation of residue covers a component boiling point range from 69°C to 522°C, equivalent to the boiling points of C6 through C40 n-paraffins.1.2.1 The boiling range covers possible LPG contaminants such as gasoline, diesel fuel, phthalates and compressor oil. Qualitative information on the nature of the residue can be obtained from this test method.1.2.2 Materials insoluble in LPG and components which do not elute from the gas chromatograph or which have no response in a flame ionization detector are not determined.1.2.3 The reporting limit (or limit of quantitation) for total residue is 6.7 µg/g.1.2.4 The dynamic range of residue quantitation is 6.7 to 3300 µg/g.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The bulk density is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity and packing capability which is an important coke property for anode production in aluminum industry. This procedure will allow an automated measurement of specific sized fractions ranging from 8 mm to 0.25 mm coke particles.5.2 Results from this test method are used in determining coke specifications, classification purposes, and for quality control.1.1 The test method covers the determination of bulk density for a specific size fraction of calcined petroleum coke using an automated pycnometer that compacts coke by applying transaxial pressure under a controlled force.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车