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4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is particularly useful for determining small amounts of water in hygroscopic materials. This test method is suitable for setting specifications on materials referenced in the scope. It may also be used as an internal quality control tool and in development or research work.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in phenol and related materials such as cresols, xylenols, naphthalene, pyridine, and quinoline.1.2 This test method has been found applicable to a variety of materials varying in water content from 100 mg/kg to solutions containing a relatively high percent of water.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2439-20 Standard Specification for Refined Phenol Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This specification covers refined phenol. The refined phenol shall conform to the required water content, solidification point, appearance and molten color when sampled and tested.1.1 This specification covers refined phenol.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations and supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials listed in this specification.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program and consultation with an appropriate SDS. The information provided cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice as provided in an appropriate SDS, but rather as a supplement to such advice.1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling phenol, cresols and cresylic acid in solid and liquid forms, including liquids at elevated temperatures, in a safe manner that represents and preserves quality. In general, this practice also applies to xylenols, and some other alkylated phenolic materials; however, specific information regarding these materials should be sought and used if available.1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific first aid instructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and an appropriate SDS.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of major organic impurities in refined phenol manufactured by the cumene (isopropylbenzene) process. Two test methods are employed to determine the stated major impurities. 1.2 Test Method A determines the concentration of major impurities such as mesityl oxide, cumene, [alpha]-methylstyrene, 2-methylbenzofuran, acetophenone, and dimethylbenzyl alcohol. 1.3 Test Method B determines the hydroxyacetone content. 1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

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4.1 In new electrical insulating oil, this test method provides a quantitative measure of the amounts of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol that have been added to the oil. In a used oil, the test measures the amount of these inhibitors remaining in the oil. This test method is suitable for manufacturing control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation.4.2 This test method is used to separate, identify, and quantify the inhibitors with minimal interference and matrix effects.4.3 This test method has also been used successfully to determine the inhibitor concentrations in other insulating liquids such as esters and high-temperature hydrocarbons.1.1 This test method covers the determination by gas chromatography of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol in new and used insulating liquids at concentrations up to 0.5 %. It includes the determination in Type I and II insulating mineral oils as specified in Specification D3487, but has also been used to measure these inhibitors in other insulating liquids, such as esters and high fire-point hydrocarbons.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The quantitative determination of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol in a new electrical insulating oil measures the amount of this material that has been added to the oil as protection against oxidation. In a used oil it measures the amount remaining after oxidation has reduced its concentration. The test is also suitable for manufacturing control and specification acceptance.3.2 When an infrared spectrum is obtained of an electrical insulating oil inhibited with either of these compounds there is an increase in absorbance of the spectrum at several wavelengths (or wavenumbers). 2,6 ditertiary-butyl paracresol produces pronounced increases in absorbance at 2.72 μm (3650 cm−1), and 11.63 μm (860 cm−1 ). 2,6 ditertiary-butyl phenol produces pronounced increases in absorbance at 2.72 μm (3650 cm−1) and 13.42 μm (745 cm −1).3.3 When making this test on other than a highly oxidized oil or when using a double-beam spectrophotometer, it has been found convenient to obtain the spectrum between 2.5 μm (4000 cm−1) and 2.9 μm (3450 cm−1) because the instrument is compensated for the presence of moisture and the band is not influenced by intermolecular forces (associations). However, when testing a highly oxidized oil or when using a single-beam instrument better results may be obtained if the scan is made between 10.90 μm (918 cm−1) and 14.00 μm (714 cm−1).3.4 Increased absorption at 11.63 μm (860 cm −1) or 13.42 μm (745 cm−1) or both, will identify the inhibitor as 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol or 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol respectively (Note 1).NOTE 1: The absorbance at 745 cm−1 for 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol and at 860 cm−1 for 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol for equal concentrations will be in the approximate ratio of 2.6 to 1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weight percent of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol (DBPC) and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol (DBP) in new or used electrical insulating oil in concentrations up to 0.5 % by measuring its absorbance at the specified wavelengths in the infrared spectrum.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on phenol and for use as an internal quality control tool where phenol is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving phenol. It is generally applied to determining those commonly occurring impurities such as mesityl oxide, cumene, hydroxyacetone, acetone, α-methylstyrene, 2-methylbenzofuran, and acetophenone.5.2 Purity is commonly reported by subtracting the determined expected impurities from 100.00. However, a gas chromatographic analysis cannot determine absolute purity if water is present or unknown components are contained within the material being examined.1.1 This test method covers the determination of known impurities in phenol by gas chromatography (GC). It is generally meant for the analysis of phenol of 99.9 % or greater purity.1.2 This test method has been found applicable over impurity concentrations up to 70 mg/kg. Users of this method believe it is linear over a wider range. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1.7 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 5.8 mg/kg.NOTE 1: LOD is defined in 7.1 as part of the method setup. The values above were calculated based on the ILS data for acetone, acetophenone, α-methylstyrene, and 2-methylbenzofuran in Table 3.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It is possible to modify the properties of phenol, resorcinol, and melamine-based adhesives by adding fillers to the adhesive and in doing so affect the way the adhesive performs. This test method makes possible accurate determination of these filler levels for purposes of quality control and characterization of the adhesive.1.1 This test method is suitable for measuring the filler content of phenol, resorcinol, and melamine resin-base adhesives mixed with hardener or catalyst, that set at room, intermediate, and high temperatures. Results are expressed on the basis of the nonvolatile content of the mixed, liquid adhesive.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both. The equipments to be used in the test shall include a petri dish, circulating-air oven, desiccator, and analytical balance. In determining the nonvolatile content of the liquid adhesives without hardener, the procedure shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of adhesive and quartz sand . The percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining. On the other hand, the procedure for the liquid adhesives with hardener shall include oven-drying, cooling in a desiccator, and weighing of mixed adhesives. Also, the percent nonvolatile content shall be calculated based on the amount remaining.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile content or total solids of liquid phenol, resorcinol, and melamine adhesives with or without hardener (Note 1) added and containing high-boiling and low-boiling volatile organic solvents or water, or both.NOTE 1: Some low molecular weight materials in the adhesive may be lost if hardener is not used. When a hardener is used, it must be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see 5.2.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent pH of a water extract of an acetone solution of water insoluble phenol-formaldehyde resin. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure the total nitrogen oxides (NOx) content of gaseous emissions for purposes such as determining compliance with regulations, studying the effect of various abatement procedures on NOx emissions, and checking the validity of instrumental measurements.1.1 This test method describes the phenol-disulfonic acid colorimetric procedure (1) 2 for the determination of total oxides of nitrogen [nitrous oxide (N2O) excepted] in gaseous effluents from combustion and other nitrogen oxidation processes.1.2 It is applicable to a concentration range of oxides of nitrogen as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of 5 ppm to several thousand parts per million by volume (four to several thousand milligrams per dry standard cubic metre).1.3 Since the grab sampling technique used takes a relatively small sample over a very short period of time, the result obtained will be an instantaneous measure of the nitrogen oxides and, therefore, will be representative of the emissions only if the gas stream is well mixed and the concentration constant with time. Multiple samples are recommended.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety precautionary information see 8.5 and Section 3.)

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4.1 This test method is useful in determining phenol in the range from 5 to 50 mg/kg in commercially available cumene or AMS.4.2 Phenol will inhibit certain reactions involving cumene or AMS.1.1 This test method covers the determination of phenol in refined cumene (isopropylbenzene) or AMS (α–methylstyrene).1.2 This test method has been found applicable in the range from 5 to 50 mg/kg of phenol in refined cumene (isopropylbenzene) or AMS (α–methylstyrene). The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.9 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 2.9 mg/kg.NOTE 1: LOD and LOQ were calculated using intermediate precision for the lowest level in the ILS.1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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