定价： 469元 / 折扣价： 399 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 1781元 / 折扣价： 1514 元 加购物车

定价： 292元 / 折扣价： 249 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user shall use other more appropriate procedures.1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:  SectionSafety plans  4Sampling plans  5Quality assurance considerations  6General sampling considerations  7Preservation and containerization  8Cleaning equipment  9Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures 10Chain-of-custody procedure 111.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers the general planning of a spectrochemical laboratory, the equipment necessary for efficient operation of such a laboratory, and recommended safety precautions to be considered. Principal equipment housed in such a laboratory may include optical emission spectrographs, vacuum and air-path optical emission spectrometers, plasma emission spectrometers, X-ray emission spectrometers, X-ray diffractometers, and atomic absorption and flame emission spectrophotometers. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of borehole geophysical logs.5.2 Borehole geophysical techniques yield direct and indirect measurements with depth of the (1) physical, lithologic, mechanical, stresses, hydrologic, discontinuities, and chemical properties of the rock matrix and/or fluid around the borehole, (2) fluid contained in the borehole, and (3) construction of the borehole.5.3 The benefits of its use include improving the following:5.3.1 Selection of logging methods and equipment,5.3.2 Log quality and reliability, and5.3.3 Usefulness of the log data for subsequent display and interpretation.1.1 Purpose and Application: 1.1.1 This guide covers the documentation and general procedures necessary to plan and conduct a geophysical borehole logging program as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) site characterizations.1.1.2 This guide applies to commonly used logging methods (see Tables 1 and 2) for geotechnical site characterizations.1.1.3 This guide provides an overview of the following:(1) the uses of single borehole geophysical methods,(2) general logging procedures,(3) documentation,(4) calibration, and(5) factors that can affect the quality of borehole geophysical logs and their subsequent interpretation. Log interpretation is very important, but specific methods are too diverse to be described in this guide.1.1.4 Logging procedures must be adapted to meet the needs of a wide range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed.1.1.5 To obtain detailed information on operating methods, publications (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9)2 should be consulted. A limited amount of tutorial information is provided, but other publications listed herein, including a glossar y of terms and general texts on the subject, should be consulted for more complete background information.1.2 Limitations: 1.2.1 This guide is not meant to describe the specific or standard procedures for running each type of geophysical log, and is limited to measurements in a single borehole.1.2.2 Surface or shallow-depth nuclear gages for measuring water content or soil density (that is, those typically thought of as construction quality assurance devices), measurements while drilling (MWD), cone penetrometer tests, and logging for petroleum or minerals are excluded.1.2.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 Precautions: 1.3.1 If the method is used at sites with hazardous materials, operations, or equipment, it is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and to determine the applicability of regulations prior to use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting measurements that are traceable to SI units or Certified Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the metals industries.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1. Scope This section of the guide describes the tasks required for planning of maintenance and maintenance support. They should be performed during the system acquisition phase in order to meet the availability objectives in the operational phase. The

定价： 1092元 / 折扣价： 929 元

4.1 This guide establishes basic requirements which should be met by water and environmental laboratories that generate and report test chemical analyses which the laboratory client desires to be traceable to SI units (Note 1) or certified reference materials traceable to SI units. Traceability of chemical analyses is important because it provides a uniform basis for the comparison of results from different measurement systems and because it relates those results to our current knowledge of physical laws (Note 2).NOTE 1: A certified reference material traceable to SI units is a certified reference material whose value can be related with a stated uncertainty through an unbroken change of comparisons to stated references (usually national or international standards) in SI units, such as a primary measurement made in SI units or a national standard certified in SI units.NOTE 2: Not all chemical analysis results can be traceable to SI units or to certified reference material’s traceable to SI units, such as turbidity and or total suspended solids.4.2 Many waters-related laboratories comply with ISO Guide 17025 and participate in Proficiency Testing Programs. Laboratories that are connected to the same accreditation bodies and Proficiency Test providers can be expected to report statistically similar results on the same sample. However, some test methods and some certified reference materials are not supported with data traceable to SI units. Therefore, fully compliant laboratories that are not connected to the same providers may report statistically different chemical analysis results if they used the same nontraceable test method on the same sample. This problem could be minimized if they used test methods, measurement devices, and certified reference materials that are traceable to SI units, where available.4.3 Although some standard test methods and certified reference materials provide evidence of traceability to SI units, many others do not. Therefore, not all laboratories can be expected to universally meet all requests for traceable analyses until the traceability of more test methods and certified reference materials is recognized through appropriate documentation.4.4 The primary significance of this guide is that it establishes a consensus that, in order for a laboratory to generate traceable measurements, it must (1) have a clear understanding of the needs of the user of the traceable measurements, (2) comply with the internationally accepted quality-system requirements included in ISO Guide 17025, (3) use test methods, measurement devices, and certified reference materials which have been shown to be traceable to SI units, and (4) be able to demonstrate that the measurement system was in statistical control at the time the measurements were made.4.5 It is expected that this guide will be used by Committee D19 in setting policies for the technical content of its standards that are designated to be usable to generate traceable chemical analyses.1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting chemical analyses that are traceable to SI units or to certified reference materials in laboratories that serve the water and environmental industry.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Since the analysis of the atmosphere is influenced by phenomena in which all factors except the method of sampling and analytical procedure are beyond the control of the investigator, statistical consideration must be given to determine the adequacy of the number of samples obtained, the length of time that the sampling program is carried out, and the number of sites sampled. The purpose of the sampling and the characteristics of the contaminant to be measured will have an influence in determining this adequacy. Regular, or if possible, continuous measurements of the contaminant with simultaneous pertinent meteorological observations should be obtained during all seasons of the year. Statistical techniques may then be applied to determine the influence of the meteorological variables on the concentrations measured (2).5.2 Statistical methods may be used for the interpretation of all of the data available (2). Trends of patterns and relationships between variables of statistical significance may be detected. Much of the validity of the results will depend, however, on the comprehensiveness of the analysis and the location and contaminant measured. For example, if 24-h samples of suspended particulate matter are obtained only periodically (for example, every 6 or 8 days throughout the year), the geometric mean of the measured concentrations is representative of the median value assuming the data are log normally distributed. The geometric mean level may be used to compare the air quality at different locations at which such regular but intermittent observations of suspended particulate matter are made.1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present the broad concepts of sampling the ambient air for the concentrations of contaminants. Detailed procedures are not discussed. General principles in planning a sampling program are given including guidelines for the selection of sites and the location of the air sampling inlet.1.2 Investigations of atmospheric contaminants involve the study of a heterogeneous mass under uncontrolled conditions. Interpretation of the data derived from the air sampling program must often be based on the statistical theory of probability. Extreme care must be observed to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time to obtain results that may be considered representative.1.3 The variables that may affect the contaminant concentrations are the atmospheric stability (temperature-height profile), turbulence, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, precipitation, topography, emission rates, chemical reaction rates for their formation and decomposition, and the physical and chemical properties of the contaminant. To obtain concentrations of gaseous contaminants in terms of weight per unit volume, the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure at the location sampled must be known.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use.5.2 Data generation efforts involve the following: establishment of the DQOs; design of the project plan to meet the DQOs; implementation of the project plan; and assessment of the data to determine whether the DQOs have been met.5.3 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data. Additional activities may be required, based on the DQOs of the data collection effort.5.4 This practice defines the criteria for field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data and identifies some other activities that may be required based on the DQOs.5.5 This practice emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in establishing DQOs, planning and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality.5.6 Environmental field operations are discussed in Section 7, and environmental laboratory operations are discussed in Section 8.1.1 Environmental data generation efforts are composed of four parts: (1) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); (2) design of field measurement and sampling strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; (3) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and (4) data quality assessment. This practice addresses the planning and implementation of the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities (Parts (1) and (2) above).1.2 This practice defines the criteria that must be considered to ensure the quality of the field and analytical aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data include, but are not limited to, the results from analyses of samples of air, soil, water, biota, waste, or any combinations thereof.1.3 Adoption of a quality assurance project plan (QAPP) containing the goals, policies, procedures, organizational responsibilities, evaluation and reporting requirements, and other attributes of a quality management system including statement of DQOs should be adopted prior to application of this practice. Data generated in accordance with this practice are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met through application of quality control (QC) procedures that produce data that are scientifically valid for the purposes to which the data are intended. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the mandatory quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this practice to generate data adequate to meet the project DQOs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs.1.4 This practice presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The words “must,” “shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 777元 / 折扣价： 661 元 加购物车

6.1 Preparedness includes awareness and education for all community members that might be impacted by a hazardous materials accident, and creating expectations for the actions of all community members should an accident occur.6.1.1 The point of preparedness is to minimize the impact of a chemical accident through the actions of all community members, rather than the actions of only facility and response agencies. These actions, when coupled with accident prevention and consequence reduction strategies, reduce the potential for hazardous materials accidents and minimize the consequences of those that do occur.6.2 There is great potential benefit to facilities, communities, LEPCs and emergency responders in developing a common understanding of the chemical hazards and accident preparedness capabilities present in their communities. The common understanding can significantly minimize he consequences of hazardous chemical accidents (See NPFA 1600).6.3 Coordination and cooperation must fit into the process for improving community preparedness.6.3.1 Preparedness is based first on the community developing a broad awareness and understanding of the risks that are present, locally. Next comes a community-wide evaluation of which community members are most vulnerable to risks, the mechanisms or pathways of risks, and the existing capabilities to address those risks should an accident occur. The capabilities being evaluated include more than the ability of the first responders to take actions. It includes the capabilities of all community members to take appropriate actions.6.3.2 Since all communities have capability gaps when evaluated against the risks present in the community, the subsequent step is strategic planning to fill those capability gaps with prioritization for these efforts developed by the community members. Again, improved preparedness is the goal, not simply focusing on response capacity.6.3.3 Filling capability gaps requires the use of all the regulatory and social tools available to the community and its partners. All community members have a stake in accident prevention, consequence reduction and improving the collective ability to communicate and respond. Improvements are made through increased awareness, education, training, cooperative programs, and practice. Addressing the identified capability gaps can include a broad range of options such as accident prevention to creation of expectations for the actions of community members to be able to shelter, evacuate and provide aid to others. Stakeholder engagement is critical to successfully closing capability gaps.6.3.4 Accomplishing these tasks is a community-level activity. While it might be led by an emergency manager or local emergency planning committee, the key to successful preparedness planning is broad coordination and cooperation involving all community members.6.3.5 Facilities must be part of the preparedness effort because of their greater expertise on the properties of the hazardous chemicals present at their plants, knowledge of their operating systems and procedures, hazards assessments, their emergency plans, and emergency response capabilities.1.1 This guide covers new and anticipated state and federal regulatory programs that create an obligation to “coordinate and cooperate” on emergency preparedness planning between regulated facilities, local emergency planning committees (“LEPCs”) and emergency responders. The goal of this increased coordination and cooperation is to develop better community preparedness for potential accidents involving hazardous chemicals and hazardous waste. Currently, existing regulations do not adequately describe the expectations for the “coordinate and cooperate” process, that apply to each party working on emergency preparedness. This guide is intended to assist facilities, LEPCs, emergency responders, and other stakeholders in performing the coordinate and cooperate function at a community preparedness level.1.1.1 As the outcome of the “coordinate and cooperate” process is community driven, it would be extremely difficult to create these expectations in regulation. Without further guidance or standards, these obligations could easily be misconstrued or ignored. The absence of standards for “coordination and cooperation” potentially subjects facilities to enforcement for noncompliance and, more concerning, fails to inform LEPCs, emergency responders and community members generally so they can identify opportunities for better preparedness in their communities.1.1.2 Preparedness Planning versus Response—Emergency response activities are a specialized field involving programs of training, hazard awareness and specific types of equipment. Coordination and cooperation on emergency preparedness planning is not about emergency response. Instead, it is a whole-of-community process of awareness and education. The broad objective is that all community members ultimately understand the actions they should take to protect themselves, their families and property. All community members are stakeholders in the preparedness planning process and each community needs to think expansively when inviting participants to the process.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车