This test method covers the determination of the resistance of porcelain-enameled utensils to thermal shock. A hot plate, timing device, container, and sponge shall be used. The surface temperature of the hot plate, determined by any suitable surface temperature measuring device, may be varied by changing the wattage input to the hot plate. If the hot plate surface temperature be calibrated to wattage input, the desired temperature may then be set by adjusting wattage input. The wattage input or similar calibration shall be made for each surface temperature. In preparation for the test, the hot plate shall be leveled and the surface temperature shall be adjusted to a certain level. Quenching water shall be placed in a large container and its temperature shall be adjusted to a certain level. The amount of water required to fill a test utensil to a certain depth shall be measured. A dry utensil shall be centered directly on the preheated hot plate. After a certain time, the utensil shall be removed from the hot plate and the utensil immediately shall be filled to some depth with quenching water. After a few seconds, the quenching water shall be poured out and the inside of the utensil shall be wiped with a wrung-out damp sponge. After some time, the utensil on the hot plate shall be replaced. Immediately after centering the utensil on the hot plate, the input to the hot plate shall be adjusted so that the hot plate surface temperature will reach a certain level. The utensil shall be allowed to heat dry for a few minutes with the hot plate adjusted so the new surface temperature will be reached. After a certain heating period, the utensil shall be removed. This procedure shall be repeated according to the schedule given. The test shall be continued until the utensil fails or has withstood quenching after a certain heating temperature.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of porcelain-enameled utensils to thermal shock. This test method is adaptable to any porcelain-enamel utensil that can be filled with water to a depth of 1 in. (25 mm).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Measurement of thermal expansion is useful for predicting stress within joined materials or single materials under conditions of changing or nonuniform temperature. It can also serve as an indicator of phase composition or changes in structure.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear thermal expansion of premelted frit (porcelain enamel and glaze) and ceramic whiteware products by the thermal dilatometer method. This test method is applicable to apparatus meeting the reproducibility and accuracy requirements of this test method, which are to produce percent linear expansion accuracy of ±3 % or better and coefficient of linear expansion accuracy of ±5 % or better.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is primarily used to control the nickel dipping operation to ensure that the desired level of nickel deposition is attained. It is also used to prepare test plates used for calibration in Test Method C810.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of nickel deposited on sheet steel during its preparation for porcelain enameling. It is a photometric method commonly used on production parts and is suitable for determining the heavier nickel deposits that may be obtained during the processing of steel for one-coat enameling.NOTE 1: An alternative X-ray emission spectrometry method is Test Method C810.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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AbstractThese test methods cover evaluation of the relative fusion flow characteristics of samples of a given porcelain enamel by comparison with an established standard for that frit. Two test methods are included, differing only in certain details of the samples and in the apparatus and procedure for preparation of test specimens. Both test methods give equally reproducible results and provide a satisfactory basis for comparison of fusion flow of the sample with that of the established standard. Test Method A employs granular particles of frit to which a bonding agent has been added. Button specimens are formed under high pressure in a hydraulic press. Test Method B employs crushed, sized particles of frit to which a bonding agent has been added. Button specimens are formed in a steel mold by hand. Both Test Methods use a hard steel mortar that is resistant to abrasion by the porcelain enamel frit, a hydraulic press, and a fusion flow rack. The test methods use sieves of different specifications. The steel mold assembly of both test methods consists of a die and plunger, however, Test Method B has an additional back-up disk.1.1 These test methods cover evaluation of the relative fusion flow characteristics of samples of a given porcelain enamel frit by comparison with an established standard for that frit.1.2 Two test methods are included, differing only in certain details of the samples and in the apparatus and procedure for preparation of test specimens. Both test methods give equally reproducible results and provide a satisfactory basis for comparison of fusion flow of the sample with that of the established standard.1.2.1 Test Method A employs granular particles of frit to which a bonding agent has been added. Button specimens are formed under high pressure in a hydraulic press.1.2.2 Test Method B employs crushed, sized particles of frit to which a bonding agent has been added. Button specimens are formed in a steel mold by hand.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This classification covers water used in the milling of porcelain enamel frit. Three classes of water are covered: For porcelain enamel frits, Class A water should cause no difficulties in the production of a high quality finish. Class B water may be used by slight compensations in processing. Mill addition water falling into Class C should be treated before use in order to preclude faulty enamel production. For analysis, the following elements and properties shall be determined: sampling, bicarbonate, calcium & magnesium, chloride, hardness, iron, manganese, pH, sulfate, and total solids.1.1 This classification covers water used in the milling of porcelain enamel frit.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This test method provides for easy detection of discontinuities and areas of light coverage that are not readily seen by visual inspection on corrosion protective porcelain enamel coatings. These two issues limit the protection to the metal substrate. Apparatus includes a nondestructive coating thickness gage, either an ac or a dc high-voltage discharge test instrument with a continuously variable output voltage, and a mesh wire gauze test probe. This test uses porcelain enameled glass coating specimens of any size which should be removed from an edge or the back of a specimen and then properly conditioned as specified. If the probe is wider than the specimen, the specimen edges should be masked using electrical insulating tape.1.1 Porcelain enamel coatings are applied to metals to provide protection from corrosion as well as to enhance their appearance. This test method permits the easy detection of discontinuities and areas of light coverage, not readily seen by visual inspection, which limit the protection to the substrate. Somewhat similar tests applicable to the thicker glass coatings used for chemical reaction vessels are found in Test Methods C536 and C537.1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 When a porcelain enamel is first subjected to abrasion of the type involved in these tests, the rate of wear or attrition is relatively low. As the enamel is subjected to continued abrasion, the rate of wear increases until it reaches a steady value. Thereafter, the rate of wear remains almost constant until the enamel is penetrated and the underlying ground coat or metal exposed. The abrasion that occurs during the period of increasing rate-of-weight loss is defined as surface abrasion and results in reduced gloss and cleanability with high-gloss enamels and a modification of color, appearance, or surface texture, or combination thereof with low-gloss enamels. The abrasion that occurs during the period of steady rate-of-weight loss is defined as subsurface abrasion and results in the destruction of the continuity of the coating. These two types of abrasion are not necessarily proportional, and since it is desirable to be able to determine the resistance of porcelain enamel to both types of abrasion, it is necessary to deal with each one separately.1.1 These test methods cover determination of the resistance of porcelain enamels to surface abrasion and subsurface abrasion.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is an accurate and rapid means for measuring nickel deposits on steel sample plates and such parts that can be fitted into the X-ray spectrometer. Its accuracy extends over a wide range of nickel deposits.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the amount of nickel deposited on sheet steel during its preparation for porcelain enameling. It is an X-ray emission method used for testing sample panels or certain commercial parts.NOTE 1: An alternative wet chemical method is Test Method C715.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 7.

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4.1 All porcelain enamel coatings or glass coatings are by necessity under some degree of compression at room temperature. The desired degree of compression or stress depends upon the type of ware and the end use of the item. Some method of determining relative compressive stress of enamels is necessary to establish the suitability of an enamel for a proposed application.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the compressive stresses (Note 1) developed by fired porcelain enamels using the loaded-beam method.NOTE 1: Although some may interpret the calculations that are used in this test method as indicating compressive load, it is commonly referred to as compressive stress within the porcelain enamel industry.1.2 This test method is limited to the use of the loaded-beam method. However, this method includes charts (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) that provide for conversion of loaded-beam test results to warp and ring stress values.FIG. 2 Conversion Chart for Loaded-Beam Stress to Ring Stress1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Correlation between results of this test and outdoor exposure tests of porcelain enamels colored with cadmium sulfo-selenide pigment shows that the cupric sulfate test is an effective indicator of the tendency for such coatings to experience appreciable color changes during weathering. The cupric sulfate test is considered useful for specification acceptance, quality control, and research and development purposes.1.1 This test method2 covers only porcelain enamels containing the cadmium-sulfide or cadmium sulfo-selenide types of pigments. The purpose of the test is to detect those red, yellow, orange, and some green porcelain enamels that are likely to experience appreciable color changes upon exposure to atmospheric corrosion.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 This test method defines the thermal expansion of porcelain enamel and glaze frits by the interferometric method. This determination is critical in avoiding crazing (cracking) of these glass coatings due to mismatching of the thermal expansion between the coating and substrate materials.1.1 This test method covers the interferometric determination of linear thermal expansion of premelted frits (porcelain enamel and glaze) and fired ceramic whiteware materials at temperatures lower than 1000 °C (1830 °F).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The determination of lead and cadmium release from porcelain enamel surfaces was formerly of interest only to manufacturers of porcelain enamel cookware and similar food service products. Food contact surfaces of these container-type products have been evaluated using a test procedure similar to Test Method C738. Recently, however, there has been a need to measure lead and cadmium release from flat or curved porcelain enamel surfaces that are not capable of being evaluated by a test similar to Test Method C738.1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain enamel surfaces.1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated temperatures.1.1 This test method2 covers the measurement of the resistance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein is tetrasodium pyrophosphate, the equipment and techniques are equally applicable to other alkali solutions.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The results of this test indicate whether or not a sheet steel will cause reboiling under one given set of enameling conditions and enable the enamel processor to establish a possible source of imperfections in the finished coating.5.2 This test method is normally used to test samples from lots, coils, or lifts of sheet steel which for some reason, production problems, defects evident on enameled parts, or production experience are suspected of causing defects in enameled ware which have the appearance of reboiling. It is often used to establish whether a problem exists with the bare steel or other factors such as the porcelain enamel, processing contamination, and so forth.1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a sheet steel for porcelain enameling will reboil under a given set of worse case conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车