5.1 The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow time in seconds for a material of specified shape, under the conditions of this test method.5.2 The effect of material thickness, color additives, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.5.3 The results, when tabulated, are potentially useful as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and as an aid in material selection.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different test conditions will likely result in changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining comparative burning characteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W) premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position.NOTE 1: This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test (V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent.NOTE 2: This test method and Test Method B of IEC 60695–11–10 are equivalent. IEC 60695–11–10 has replaced ISO 1210.NOTE 3: For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635. For test methods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Method D4804. For additional information on comparative burning characteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used for building construction, finishing or contents such as wall and floor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition, the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread, smoke characterization and heat release rate are not evaluated by this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evaluate the flammability of materials in these intended end use product configuration.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test is particularly suited to control and development work. Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of plastic materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the factors of time, temperature, method of loading, and fiber stress are similar to those specified in this test method. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.5.2 For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Refer to Table 1 in Classification D4000, which lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when specimens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions.1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 3 mm (1/8 in.) or greater and which are rigid or semirigid at normal temperature.NOTE 1: Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness may be tested by use of a composite sample having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the edges of the individual laminae.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 Some older machines still use mercury-in-glass thermometers. (Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 3: This standard and ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content, and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1. Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the measurement of the noise at the position of the operator(s) of a tractor or machine used in agriculture and forestry. The measured noise relates only to the basic machine and applies to se

定价： 546元 / 折扣价： 465 元

定价： 637元 / 折扣价： 542 元

5.1 This test is particularly suited to control and development work. Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of plastic materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the factors of time, temperature, method of loading, and fiber stress are similar to those specified in this test method. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.5.2 For many materials, it is possible there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Refer to Table 1 in Classification D4000, which lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when specimens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions.1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 3 mm (1/8 in.) or greater and which are rigid or semirigid at normal temperature.NOTE 1: Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness may be tested by use of a composite sample having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the edges of the individual laminae.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard and ASTM D648 address the same subject matter and are essentially the same test. However, due to known differences in results caused by the differences in heat transfer media, the results from this standard and ASTM D648 must not be compared or considered equivalent.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 3: This standard and ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content, and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice establishes a multiple person cold water survival/rescue procedure.3.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers shall meet the requirements of this practice.3.3 This practice is intended to assist government agencies, state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; and rescue teams and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.3.4 The majority of the rescuers performing this technique must be wearing personal flotation devices. These devices should conform to standards set by the appropriate national regulatory authority, that is, the U.S. Coast Guard in the United States, and be in good and serviceable condition.3.5 A water rescuer sometimes may be immersed in cold water for prolonged periods of time. They are unable to get to shore or shore is too far away, rescue is not imminent, no boat is available to get into or on top of, and no flotsam is available. The water rescuer needs to assume a defensive posture to conserve heat and increase survival time.1.1 This practice covers the recommended water rescue procedure for performing the huddle position.1.2 This practice is one in a set of self-rescue techniques for the water rescuer.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice establishes a single person cold water survival/rescue procedure.3.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers shall meet the requirements of this practice.3.3 This practice is intended to assist government agencies, state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; and rescue teams and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.3.4 A rescuer needs to be wearing a personal flotation device to perform this technique. These devices should conform to standards set by the appropriate national regulatory authority, that is, the U.S. Coast Guard in the United States, and be in good and serviceable condition.3.5 A water rescuer sometimes may be immersed in cold water for prolonged periods of time. They are unable to get to shore or shore is too far away, rescue is not imminent, no boat is available to get into or on top of, and no flotsam is available. The water rescuer needs to assume a defensive posture to conserve heat and increase survival time.1.1 This practice covers the recommended water rescue procedure for performing the heat escape lessening posture (HELP) position.1.2 This practice is one in a set of self-rescue techniques for the water rescuer.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Tests made on rigid cellular materials in accordance with the conditions described by this test method can be of considerable value in comparing their burning characteristics.5.2 This test method has been applied to flexible cellular materials and other plastics, but no detailed studies have been conducted to determine its general applicability to these materials.5.3 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. This test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing relative extent and time of burning and loss of mass of rigid thermoset cellular plastics. This test method is to be used solely to establish relative burning characteristics.1.1.1 This test method shall not be used for materials that drip or melt under the test conditions.1.2 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved which are potentially hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the operator.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 1.2.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the requirements for the proximity and limit of fiber-optic position switches. This specification does not include switches that transfer an optical signal from one path to another by an external force or energy applied to the switch. The fiber-optic switches meet physical property requirements stipulated for enclosure, optoelectronic module, external configuration, and size and weight. The switches shall also adhere to minimum specified service life requiements. Other critical performance requirements shall be specified in the acquisition order as deemed important to the purchaser.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for fiber-optic position switches (proximity and limit). This specification does not include switches that transfer an optical signal from one path to another by an external force or energy applied to the switch.1.2 Special requirements for naval shipboard applications are included in the Supplement.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Where information is to be specified, it shall be stated in SI units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions herein prescribed are of value in comparing the rate of burning or extent and time of burning characteristics, or both, of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as a measure of deterioration or change in these burning characteristics prior to or during use. Correlation with flammability under actual use conditions is not implied.5.2 The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will be affected by such factors as density, pigments, any anisotropy of the material and the thickness of the specimen. Test data shall be compared only for specimens of similar thickness, whether comparisons are being made with the same or different materials. The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will vary with thickness.5.3 It is feasible that sheet materials that have been stretched during processing will relax during burning and give erratic results unless they are first heated above their deflection temperature, in accordance with Test Method D648, for a time sufficient to permit complete relaxation.5.4 Burning tests require that certain variables be arbitrarily fixed, for example, specimen size, energy source and application time, and end points. Materials will be found that are unusually sensitive to one or more of the conditions chosen for this method leading to highly variable results. Additional burning characterization by other methods is highly desirable in such cases (see Note 2).5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative linear rate of burning or extent and time of burning, or both, of plastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates, or panels, and tested in the horizontal position.NOTE 1: This test method, and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 are technically equivalent.NOTE 2: For additional information on materials which do not burn to the first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standard applicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 9.2.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is suitable for use under actual or simulated in-service conditions; that is, one side of the unit is exposed to room temperature, while the other side is exposed to natural or simulated weather conditions. Where the glazing conditions and the 24 h history are different or changed from previous conditions, the frost/dew point may not be comparable to a previous measurement.5.2 This test method is applicable for the uncoated or unfilmed clear (transparent) glass lite of sealed insulating glass units. If this apparatus is used with coated or filmed glass lite, the coating or film on the surface of glass lite may be damaged.5.3 This test method may require minor modifications to keep the measuring surface of the frost/dew-point apparatus in contact with the glass if the insulating glass unit is not in the true vertical position.1.1 This test method describes a field or laboratory procedure for determining the frost/dew point within the air space(s) of sealed insulating glass units and establishes the criteria for determining whether that point is below or above a given or specified temperature.1.2 This test method also describes the apparatus to be used for these determinations.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 9.1.3 and 9.3.8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books.3.2 A Position Task Book lists all of the observable activities which must be performed to demonstrate the ability to successfully fill a position or operational level.3.2.1 Each activity, or Task, partly or fully demonstrates the existence in an individual of a specific Behavior.3.2.2 One or more of these Behaviors signifies that the individual is capable of a particular Competency.3.2.3 One or more defined Competencies are required for each position or operational level.3.3 Each Position Task Book used to document the suitability of an individual to perform in a particular position or operational level shall meet the requirements of this guide.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) from adding additional content to a Position Task Book.3.5 This document may be used by an AHJ to develop Position Task Books.1.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books in a “competency-based qualification system.”1.2 Each Position Task Book lists the competencies, behaviors, and tasks required for successful performance in a position or operational level.1.3 Position Task Books provide a standard form for documenting the knowledge, skills, and abilities of an individual by observation of that individual’s performance of tasks in a position or at a particular operational level. When all tasks in the PTB are successfully completed, the evaluated individual is considered qualified and eligible for assignment in that position or at that operational level.1.4 This guide only defines the use of Position Tasks Books and the content required for successful application. It does not define the requirements for any position or operational level.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车