定价： 1177元 / 折扣价： 1001 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

4.1 Transfer Standards—One purpose of this test method is for the direct calibration of displacement transducers for use as secondary standards for the calibration of AE sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation. For this purpose, the transfer standard should be high fidelity and very well behaved and understood. If this can be established, the stated accuracy should apply over the full frequency range up to 1 MHz.NOTE 1: The stated accuracy applies only if the transfer standard returns to quiescence, following the transient input, before any wave reflected from the boundary of the calibration block returns to the transfer standard (∼100 μs). For low frequencies with periods on the order of the time window, this condition is problematical to prove.4.2 Applications Sensors—This test method may also be used for the calibration of AE sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation. Some of these sensors are less well behaved than devices suitable for a transfer standard. The stated accuracy for such devices applies in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz and with less accuracy below 100 kHz.1.1 This test method covers the requirements for the absolute calibration of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. The calibration yields the frequency response of a transducer to waves, at a surface, of the type normally encountered in acoustic emission work. The transducer voltage response is determined at discrete frequency intervals of approximately 10 kHz up to 1 MHz. The input is a given well-established dynamic displacement normal to the mounting surface. The units of the calibration are output voltage per unit mechanical input (displacement, velocity, or acceleration).1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

6.1 The quantitative determination of remaining antioxidants for in-service industrial oils by measuring the amount of these additives that have been added to the oil as protection against oxidation. Industrial lubricants, such as turbine oils, compressor oils, gear oils, hydraulic oils, bearing lubricants and greases can be formulated with a wide variety of antioxidants types such as phenols and amines (as primary antioxidants), which are working synergistically and therefore all important to be monitored individually. For in-service oils, the LSV determines and compares the amount of original primary antioxidants remaining after oxidation have reduced its initial concentration.6.2 This guide covers procedures for primary antioxidants such as amines and phenols, as described by Test Method D6971 and D6810.6.3 LSV is not designed or intended to detect all of the antioxidant intermediates formed during the thermal and oxidative stressing of the oils, which are recognized as having some contribution to the remaining useful life of the used or in-service oil. In order to measure the overall stability of an oil (including contribution of intermediates present), and before making final judgment on the remaining useful life of the used oil (which might result in the replacement of the oil reservoir), it is advised to perform additional analytical techniques (in accordance with Practice D4378 and Practice D6224).6.4 This guide is applicable to a wide range of industrial oils, both mineral or synthetic based, which can contain rust and oxidation inhibitors, antiwear additives such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates on gear oils, circulating oils, transmission oils and other industrial lubricating oils.6.5 The test is also suitable for manufacturing control and specification acceptance.6.6 When a voltammetric analysis is obtained for a industrial lubricant inhibited with at least one type of antioxidant, there is an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 5 s to 8 s (or 0.5 V to 0.8 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) for the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate type of antioxidant (Fig. 1), an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 8 s to 12 s (or 0.8 V to 1.2 V applied voltage) (Fig. 2) (see Note 1) for the aromatic amines, and increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 13 s and 16 s (or 1.3 V to 1.6 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) for the hindered phenols or carbamates in the neutral acetone solution (Fig. 2: x-axis 1 s = 0.1 V), or both. Hindered phenol antioxidants detected by voltammetric analysis include, but are not limited to, 2,6-di-tert -butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 4,4’-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol). Aromatic amine antioxidants detected by voltammetric analysis include, but are not limited to, phenyl alpha naphthylamines, and alkylated diphenylamines.FIG. 2 Aromatic Amine and Hindered Phenol Voltammetric Response in the Neutral Test Solution with Blank Response ZeroedNOTE 1: Voltages listed with respect to reference electrode. The voltammograms shown in Figs. 1-6 were obtained with a platinum reference electrode and a voltage scan rate of 0.1 V/s.FIG. 3 Hindered Phenol Voltammetric Response in Basic Test Solution with Blank Response ZeroedFIG. 4 Voltammetric Reading for an In-service Oil Sample Comparing Aromatic Amines (additive #1) and Hindered Phenols (additive #2) Peaks (in the Neutral Test Solution)—Standard (top line) and Sample In-Service Oil (lower line)FIG. 5 a Filming Problems Due to Oil SolubilityFIG. 5 b Filming Due to Additive Concentration (continued)FIG. 5 c Filming Problems Due to Oil Solubility (continued)FIG. 6 Shifting of Antioxidant Peaks Due to Oil Solubility6.7 For industrial lubricants containing zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate type of antioxidants, there is an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 5 s to 8 s (or 0.5 V to 0.8 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) by using the neutral acetone test solution (see Fig. 1). There is no corresponding ASTM International standard describing the test method procedures for measuring zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates type of antioxidants in industrial lubricants.6.8 For industrial lubricants containing only aromatic amines as antioxidants, there is an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 8 s to 12 s (or 0.8 V to 1.2 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) for the aromatic amines, by using the neutral acetone test solution (first peak in Fig. 2) as described in Test Method D6971.6.9 For industrial lubricants containing only hindered phenolic antioxidants, it is preferable to use a basic alcohol solution rather than the neutral acetone solutions, to achieve an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 3 s to 6 s (or 0.3 V to 0.6 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) in basic alcohol solution (Fig. 3: x-axis 1 s = 0.1 V) as described in Test Method D6810.1.1 This guide covers the voltammetric analysis for qualitative measurements of primary antioxidants in new or in-service type industrial lubricants detectable in concentrations as low as 0.0075 % by mass up to concentrations found in new oils by measuring the amount of current flow at a specified voltage in the produced voltammogram.1.2 This guide can be used as a resource for a condition monitoring program to track the oxidative health of a range of industrial lubricants which contain primary antioxidants. In order to avoid excessive degradation of the base-oil, these primary antioxidants play a major role to protect the lubricants against thermal-oxidative degradation. This guide can help users with interpretation and troubleshooting results obtained using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).1.3 When used as part of oil condition monitoring practices, it is important to apply trend analysis to monitor the antioxidant depletion rate relative to a baseline sample rather than use voltammetry for an absolute measurement of the antioxidant concentration. The trending pattern provides a proactive means to identify the level of oil degradation or abnormal changes in the condition of the in-service lubricant.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

AbstractThese alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines. The apparatus includes Erlenmeyer flasks and magnetic stirrer. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests and includes the following: water, bromphenol blue indicator solution, bromcresol green indicator solution, chloroform, hydrochloric acid standard solution, isopropyl alcohol, phenyl isothiocyanate, and salicylaldehyde. The procedure of determining the total amine values are detailed and the formula of calculating the total amine values is given.1.1 These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers synthetic primary amyl acetate (98 % grade). The apparent specific gravity, color property, distillation range, water property, acidity, and ester value shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers synthetic primary amyl acetate (98 % grade).1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for material listed in this specification.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The electrical output of a photovoltaic device is dependent on the spectral content of the illumination source, its intensity, and the device temperature. To make standardized, accurate measurements of the performance of photovoltaic devices under a variety of light sources when the intensity is measured with a calibrated reference cell, it is necessary to account for the error in the short-circuit current that occurs if the relative quantum efficiency of the reference cell is not identical to the quantum efficiency of the device to be tested. A similar error occurs if the spectral irradiance distribution of the test light source is not identical to the desired reference spectral irradiance distribution. These errors are accounted for by the spectral mismatch parameter (described in Test Method E973), which is a quantitative measure of the error in the short-circuit current measurement. It is the intent of this test method to provide a recognized procedure for calibrating, characterizing, and reporting the calibration data for primary photovoltaic reference cells using a tabular reference spectrum.5.2 The calibration of a reference cell is specific to a particular spectral irradiance distribution. It is the responsibility of the user to specify the applicable irradiance distribution, for example Tables G173. This test method allows calibration with respect to any tabular spectrum.5.2.1 Tables G173 do not provide spectral irradiance data for wavelengths longer than 4 μm, yet pyrheliometers (see 6.1) typically have response in the 4–10 μm region. To mitigate this discrepancy, the Tables G173 spectra must be extended with the data provided in Annex A2.5.3 A reference cell should be recalibrated at yearly intervals, or every six months if the cell is in continuous use outdoors.5.4 Recommended physical characteristics of reference cells can be found in Specification E1040.5.5 High-quality silicon primary reference cells are expected to be stable devices by nature, and as such can be considered control samples. Thus, the calibration value data points (see 9.3) can be monitored with control chart techniques according to Practice E2554, and the test result uncertainty estimated. The control charts can also be extended with data points from previous calibrations to detect changes to the reference cell or the calibration procedures.1.1 This test method is intended for calibration and characterization of primary terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells to a desired reference spectral irradiance distribution, such as Tables G173. The recommended physical requirements for these reference cells are described in Specification E1040. Reference cells are principally used in the determination of the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices.1.2 Primary photovoltaic reference cells are calibrated in natural sunlight using the relative quantum efficiency of the cell, the relative spectral distribution of the sunlight, and a tabulated reference spectral irradiance distribution. Selection of the reference spectral irradiance distribution is left to the user.1.3 This test method requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is calibrated according to Test Method E816, which requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR). Therefore, reference cells calibrated according to this test method are traceable to the WRR.1.4 This test method is used to calibrate primary reference cells; Test Method E1362 may be used to calibrate secondary and non-primary reference cells (these terms are defined in Terminology E772).1.5 This test method applies only to the calibration of a photovoltaic cell that shows a linear dependence of its short-circuit current on irradiance over its intended range of use, as defined in Test Method E1143.1.6 This test method applies only to the calibration of a reference cell fabricated with a single photovoltaic junction.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to provide a standardized test procedure of protective materials to ensure comparable results among manufacturers and users.5.2 This test method involves measurement of the attenuation of X-rays by protective clothing material at an accelerating potential (kVp) between 60 and 130 kVp. These energies are considered to be representative of those commonly used during medical diagnosis.5.3 The reporting of the attenuation at a specific X-ray energy is intended to allow the end user organization to assess the attenuating properties of the protective clothing material at that energy level.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the attenuation of X-rays by protective materials at accelerating potentials from 60 to 130 kVp.1.2 This test method provides attenuation values of primary beam X-radiation.1.3 This test method applies to both leaded and non-leaded radiation protective clothing materials.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This part of ISO/IEC 14776 defines the SCSI commands that are mandatory and optional for all SCSI devices. It also defines the SCSI commands that may apply to any device model.

定价： 2366元 / 折扣价： 2012 元

1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to primary barrier packaging and its materials. This terminology contains related definitions and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in primary barrier packaging standards. The purpose of terminology is to promote clear understanding and interpretation of the standards in which they are used.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Materials that are to be in contact with the skin should not cause irritation to the skin. Since it is probably the substances leached from a material that cause the irritation, this practice provides for direct material-skin contact testing or for skin exposure to the liquid extract of the test material. The rationale for this rabbit test is that it is a comparatively quick and sensitive method which, through use over the years, has become a generally accepted method. Additionally, the albino rabbit allows for easy visualization of erythema and edema, which are the cardinal signs of skin irritation.1.1 This practice covers a procedure by which the irritancy of a material may be assessed through contact with abraded and intact skin of rabbits.1.2 The results of this practice depend upon the effectiveness with which contact between the skin and the test material is established and maintained. Because of the operator technique included in performing this test, it is important that the test be performed by personnel with appropriate training.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

5.1 The primary hydroxyl content provides information about the relative reactivities of polyols in the urethane forming reaction with isocyanates.1.1 Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C NMR) measures the primary hydroxyl content of ethylene oxide (EO)-propylene oxide (PO) polyether polyols used in preparing flexible polyurethane foams. This method is best suited for polyether polyols with primary hydroxyl contents of 10 to 90 %.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This design and evaluation guide describes multiple categories for evaluating flexible medical packages and packaging materials. These include safety, barrier, material and package performance attributes and characteristics, package integrity, visibility and appearance, processing, printed ink, distribution simulation, and conditioning.4.2 The intent of this design and evaluation guide is to evaluate all cited categories and select those that are applicable. Once the product has been characterized and the sterilization methodology has been defined, there are numerous sets of requirements for any specific package. This design and evaluation guide provides an avenue for assessing these requirements and choosing test methods for both evaluating the package design and monitoring package compliance.NOTE 1: Many of the standards included in this guide are consensus standards that are recognized by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Selection and use of a U.S. FDA recognized consensus standard is voluntary and the sole responsibility of the user in determining its applicability. For further information, consult the U.S. FDA Standards and Conformity Assessment Program at https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/standards-and-conformity-assessment-program4.3 Product characterization shall include mass or weight, geometry (length and width, height, and shape) and product composition.4.4 All categories must be considered for applicability.4.5 The Summary of Test Methods for Medical Packaging Design and Evaluation (Fig. 1) provides a compact graphical presentation of the test methods referenced in this guide.1.1 This guide provides directions for the design and evaluation of primary flexible packages for medical products. The package materials must be selected appropriately for manufacturing process, end use, and the product being packaged.1.2 This guide provides a compendium of test methods, practices, and procedures. Specific individual test methods must be selected based on the pertinent characteristics of the specific product to be packaged and the purpose for testing, research and development, or compliance. Not all test methods will be applicable.1.3 This guide does not address acceptability criteria, which need to be determined jointly by the package producer and the medical products manufacturer.1.4 This guide does not assess the product to be packaged or the sterilization method to be used.1.5 The units cited in the referenced standard should be used.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers two grades (Grade R60702 and Grade R60703) of zirconium metal commonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may also take other forms. This specification does not include crystal bar zirconium. This sponge is used in non-nuclear applications. Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction of zirconium tetrachloride, and it gets its physical characteristics from the processes involved in production. These characteristics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturing methods. This specification, however, is not limited to metal prepared by reduction of tetrachloride or to material of any specific physical form. Only virgin zirconium metal, in identified, uniform, well-mixed blends, shall be supplied under this specification. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for zirconium, hafnium, iron, chromium, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The material shall be subjected to a number of chemical tests as required in this specification.1.1 This specification covers two grades of zirconium metal commonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may also take other forms. This specification does not include crystal bar zirconium. This sponge is used in non-nuclear applications.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion mass gain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车