5.1 Tinting strength is an essential property of printing ink dispersions. Although test results on wet drawdowns and tints do not guarantee equivalency of dry printed ink films, they provide useful parameters for quality assurance of established formulations, gaging relative degree of dispersion, and estimating the color value of colorants from different batches, sources, or grades.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the relative tinting strength of paste-type printing ink dispersions by visual or instrumental evaluation of tints prepared by manual or automated mixing.1.2 These test methods are applicable to paste-type printing inks, flushed pigments, and other pigment dispersions that are essentially nonvolatile under ordinary room conditions and for which there is a wet reference standard of the same pigmentation and consistency. With proper choice of tinting base, they are applicable to dispersions of any color, including black and white.NOTE 1: The instrumental procedures for tinting strength are similar in principle to those described in Test Methods D387, D2745, D4838, and D6531.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Coarse particles in printing inks reduce the efficiency of the dispersion process, requiring not only extra milling passes, but also frequent changes in pump filters. In printing processes, they may cause excessive wear to metal plates, piling or localized retention of ink on blankets and plates, and water balance problems. Coarse particles also reduce color strength and the gloss of printed matter.4.2 This test method is suitable for quality control. The precision may be improved by the use of a specimen size larger than that prescribed.4.3 Test results are sensitive to the type of washout solvent used. Strong solvents are to be avoided because they may dissolve large particles of resin in the ink vehicle.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weight concentration of coarse particles in printing ink dispersions by sieve retention.1.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks, flushed pigments, and other pigment dispersions that contain particles larger than 45 μm. With proper choice of solvent, it is applicable both to paste and liquid inks.NOTE 1: This test method is similar in principle to Test Methods D185. For particles under 25 μm, see Test Method D1316.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Laboratory proofing of ink is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.4.2 This practice does not duplicate the dynamics of a high speed press, nevertheless, it is useful for quality control and for specification acceptance between the producer and the user where there is an agreed upon specification for reflection density or standard reference print.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for preparing prints of paste inks using a hand operated flat-bed laboratory proof press. The initial method was developed by the National Printing Ink Research Institute.21.2 This practice is applicable to the preparation of single-color solid-area prints by the dry offset process (also known as Letterset) on a flat substrate such as paper or metal. It can readily be adapted to print by direct letterpress.3NOTE 1: The proofing press described in this practice can also be used with printing gages in accordance with Practice D6846.1.3 This practice is applicable primarily to lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With the addition of appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other systems such as heat-set or energy-curable.1.4 The instructions in this practice are intended to minimize the within-print and among-operator variability inherent in hand operations.1.5 This practice does not measure the actual film thickness on the print, but evaluates film thickness equivalence by visual or instrumental comparisons of reflection density.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.3.2 In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of liquid added prior to mixing.3.3 The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of larger particle size than those typically produced in printing nips. Because of these and other variables in the printing process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict lithographic printing performance.1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in a laboratory mixer.1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the lithographic printing process.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Nonvolatile content of printing inks is useful for specification acceptance between the producer and the user.4.2 In order to obtain accurate results for heatset systems within the specified 3-h heating time, the specimen film thickness must be less than 100 g/m2, and the oven must have forced ventilation. Thickness of the specimen film is less critical for liquid ink systems.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of weight content of nonvolatile matter in two types of printing inks.1.2 Test Method A is applicable to heatset-type printing inks and resin solutions; solvents in such systems typically have initial boiling points in the range from 240 to 275°C (470 to 535°F) and vapor pressures less than 0.2 mm Hg.1.3 Test Method B is applicable to liquid-type printing inks and vehicles based on aqueous or organic solvents that evaporate readily at ordinary room temperatures.NOTE 1: Test Method A (for heatset systems) specifies a specimen film thickness that is much thinner than those produced by related test methods; one exception is Test Method B in Test Methods D1259, which is recommended as a referee test.NOTE 2: Test Method B (for liquid ink systems) is similar to Test Method D2369 except that a solvent is not required for spreading the test specimen.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a printing plate, plug a cell, clog a nozzle and adversely affect the appearance of printed ink films. Fineness of grind measurements are useful for deciding when to stop the dispersion process and for determining if the test material meets specifications as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the fineness of grind of printing inks using a NPIRI Grindometer. It evaluates the size of the largest particles in a finished dispersion but not average particle size or concentration of sizes.1.2 This test method covers both manual and automatic drawdowns using an A1 scraper.1.3 This test method is applicable to any dispersion that is fine enough to fall within the 0 to 25 μm range of the specified grind gauge. With a minor variation in procedure, it is applicable to both paste (nonvolatile) and liquid (volatile) inks.NOTE 1: The 0 to 25 μm gauge specified in this test method is similar in principle to the 0 to 100 μm Hegman gauge described in Test Method D1210 and the various gauges described in ISO 1524:2000. Sieve analysis for concentration of particles above 45 μm is covered in Test Method D2067.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices, and specifications that can be used for the testing and evaluation of printing inks, printed ink films, and substrates used in their production (see Table 1). 1.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to test paints, paint films, and substrates, but may be adapted for use in testing printing inks and printed matter. Tests on raw materials and analytical methods in general have not been included. Tests for printing ink vehicles are covered in Guide D 6687. Note 1—For the purpose of this guide, clear coatings such as overprint varnishes are classed as printing inks. 1.3 Other ASTM standards not specified here may also be applicable.

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5.1 It is generally recognized that the best method for evaluating printing properties of ink-substrate combinations is by actual printing. this practice provides a convenient method for preparing repeatable laboratory prints at realistic conditions of printing speed, printing pressure and ink film thickness.5.2 This practice is useful for quality control, specification acceptance between producer and user, product development and research. Printed samples have found widespread applications for color matching, gloss-ink holdout and other appearance properties, permanency, abrasion, drying time and many other tests of interest to the printing ink, paper and allied industries.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste printing inks using a motor-driven printability tester.1.2 This practice covers printability testers of four different designs, referred to as Tester A, B, C, and D. These testers feature “push-button” control of printing speed and pressure and facilitate measurement of exact ink film thickness.1.3 This practice is intended primarily for lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other systems such as heat-set or energy curable.1.4 This practice is applicable to the preparation of single-color solid-area prints by dry offset (also know as letterset) or by letterpress on any flat surface including paper, paperboard, plastic film, textiles, and metal.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The only other unit of measurement used is fpm.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The setting speed of heatset printing inks is important because it influences the efficiency of the drying process. This test method provides a means for comparing the setting of a heatset ink directly against a standard at the same conditions of temperature and exposure time. While the method does not determine the setting speed of an ink on a production press, it is useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.5.2 The setting speed of a printing ink depends on a number of variables such as the substrate on which it is printed, the film thickness on the print, the temperature of the forced air, the rate of air flow, and the time that the print is subjected to heat. For these reasons, it is important to conduct the tests under conditions that are controlled and as realistic as practical.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the relative setting speed of heatset inks using a tester consisting of a forced hot air oven and print delivery system.1.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks intended to be dried by the application of heat and for which a suitable reference standard is available.1.3 Although heatset inks are normally printed by the offset process, this test method specifies the direct letterpress mode because the higher ink film thicknesses obtained tend to amplify subtle differences in ink setting speed. Prints are prepared by a flatbed printing apparatus using a constant depth printing gage.1.4 This tester reads temperature and belt speed in nonmetric terms; therefore, instrument settings in this test method are stated first in U.S. Customary Units (inch pound units of measurements). The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Laboratory proofing of inks is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Printing Gages (not drawn to scale)4.2 A unique advantage of printing gages is that, depending on the design selected, prints can be produced at a range of tapered film thicknesses or at several levels of uniform thicknesses in a single proofing. Because of the built-in film thickness control, ink metering is not necessary. Relatively small quantities of test samples are used, and less than two minutes are required to ink a gage, pull a letterpress print, and clean up. In addition, problems due to ink distribution systems are eliminated, two inks may be proofed at the same time, and multi-color printing is possible.4.3 This practice does not duplicate the dynamics of a high speed press, nevertheless, it is useful for quality control and for specification acceptance between the producer and the user.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste inks using a printing gage in conjunction with a flat-bed proof press.1.2 This practice is applicable to the preparation of solid-area prints by direct letterpress or by dry offset on a flat substrate such as paper, paperboard, or metal.1.3 This practice is applicable primarily to lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With the addition of appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other paste ink systems such as heat-set or energy-curable.1.4 The instructions in this practice are intended to minimize the within-print and among-operator variability inherent in hand operations.1.5 This practice features built-in ink film thickness control. It does not measure the film thickness transferred to the print; however, film thickness equivalence may be evaluated by visual or instrumental comparisons of optical density.1.6 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatile organic compound (VOC40) content of non-heatset printing ink systems of the paste type using a baking cycle of 1 h at 40°C. 1.2 This test method is applicable to paste printing inks and vehicles that dry primarily by absorption, polymerization, or related means without the application of heat. Such systems do not contain appreciable quantities of low-boiling solvents that evaporate readily at ordinary room temperatures. Note 1-The 40°C baking temperature in this test method is the same as that specified in Bay Area Method 30. The temperature of heating is 110°C in several related test methods, for example, D2369, D4713 and EPA Reference Method 24. VOC determinations are reviewed in ASTM Manual Series MNL 4. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 A common set of definitions is essential to improve communication and avoid misunderstanding among ink makers, paper makers, and printers.3.2 Definitions that are verbatim from one of the referenced sources are indicated by giving the acronym of the organization or the author of the book at the end of the definition.1.1 This terminology standard covers terms used in the description of printing inks, printing materials, and printing processes.1.2 This terminology standard does not include definitions related to Print Problems (see Terminology D6488).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 When formulating printing inks and overprint varnishes that dry primarily by oxidation it is important to know the stay open time so that premature drying does not occur on the printing press rollers and other components.3.2 The applied ink or OPV film used for testing is thicker than the film printed on the substrate and nominally represents the film on the printing press rollers.1.1 This test method covers a manual procedure for determining the stay open time of oxidative drying printing inks and overprint varnishes by a finger transfer method. Open is defined as a wet ink/varnish film.1.2 The amount of time required to reach the endpoint is recorded in hours.1.3 Typical inks and overprint varnishes that dry by oxidation are oil based sheetfed offset, letterpress, and screen inks.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1 Scope The Document Printing Application is one component of a coordinated set of facilities and standards needed to satisfy the printing requirements of the modern distributed office. Together, the capabilities provided can enable users to create and

定价： 1274元 / 折扣价： 1083 元

4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset inks. This information is useful to the ink manufacturer and user and to environmental interests as part of the determination of the mass of volatile organic compounds emitted from the ink.NOTE 3: Since these inks do not contain water or any materials currently classified by US EPA as negligibly photochemically reactive (exempt solvents), volatile organic compound content is the same as volatile content. The volatile organic compounds in these inks are high boiling hydrocarbon oils which are, according to US EPA guidelines, 95 % retained in the printed substrate or oxidized into the ink film. Therefore, the mass of volatile organic compound emitted from the ink would be calculated as only 5 % of the volatile organic compound content of the ink as derived from the results of this test method.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determination of the weight percent volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing inks. Test specimens are heated at 110 °C ± 1 °C for 60 min.NOTE 1: Coldset web offset printing is often (also) referred to as non-heatset web offset printing.1.2 This test method is also applicable to sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing ink vehicles.NOTE 2: Vehicle is the liquid portion of the printing ink. Any substance that is dissolved in the liquid portion of the ink is a part of the vehicle.1.3 This test method is not applicable to ultra-violet (UV) or electron beam cured materials, which must be cured by exposure to UV light or an electron beam as part of the test for volatile content.1.4 This test method is based on Test Method D2369, in which the allowable ranges are ±0.1 g for specimen weight and ±5 °C for oven temperature. Interlaboratory studies have shown that specimen weight and oven temperature must both be more tightly controlled in order to improve the precision of test results for sheet-fed and coldset web-offset inks. Such inks typically contain a wide range of high-boiling hydrocarbons and often have a volatile content below 25 %.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see 7.5.11.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车