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5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech sounds exceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the listener's ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listener's ear from intruding speech depend upon:5.2.1 The individual vocal effort and orientation of the talker,5.2.2 The attenuation of speech signals due to distance or intervening barriers, and5.2.3 The reinforcement of speech signals due to reflections from surfaces such as the ceiling, furniture panels, light fixtures, walls, or windows.5.3 The ambient sound levels within a space often must be increased in order to mask intruding speech using an electronic sound masking system. However, in certain locations and in specific frequency ranges, the building mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) equipment, and the heating, ventilating, or air conditioning equipment (HVAC) may increase ambient sound levels or add tonal noise components that may require mitigation before tuning the masking sound.5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to assess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using the standard Articulation Index method. This requires measurement of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3 for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrum is for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work zones for ‘focused work’ where administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a ‘casual’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for ‘collaborative work’ where lively discussion is expected, a ‘raised’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.5.5 The Articulation Index ranges from a low value of 0.00, where speech is generally perceived to be unintelligible, to a high value of 1.00, where all individual spoken words can be understood. Caution should be exercised in interpreting the numerical AI results of this test method since the percentage of single words, phrases, and sentences understood will be different for the same AI value (5).5.6 This test method can be used to:5.6.1 Compare the relative speech privacy afforded between different locations within open plan spaces.5.6.2 Evaluate how changes in open plan components (barriers, furniture, ceilings, masking sound, or wall panels) affect speech privacy.5.6.3 Assess speech privacy objectively for correlation with subjective responses.5.7 This test method could be one element of a performance or acceptance test procedure. However, many additional items would need to be specified to allow the use of this test method for performance testing of an open plan environment, such as, the number of locations to be tested and method of selecting those locations, and the method of assessing the results. Specifying a numerical criterion in terms of the Articulation Index is also necessary for acceptance testing; however, the selection of such a criterion and permissible deviations should be undertaken with care in view of the present state-of-the-art as discussed in 5.5.1.1 This test method describes a means of objectively assessing speech privacy between locations in open plan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methods for assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan components which affect speech privacy; but rather, it assesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration of components (1, 2).21.2 This test method is intended to be a field test for the assessment of speech privacy in actual open plan spaces. However, this test method could be used in mock-up spaces and in environments arranged to simulate an open plan space.1.3 This test method is suitable for use in many open plan spaces including traditional open offices, focus areas, and collaboration spaces. In addition to office buildings, these types of spaces will also be found in healthcare buildings, institutional spaces, schools, etc. It is not directly applicable for measuring the speech privacy between open plan and enclosed spaces or between fully enclosed spaces.1.4 This test method relies upon the Articulation Index, which objectively predicts the intelligibility of speech. While both the Articulation Index and this test method can be expected to reliably predict speech privacy, neither predicts the specific effective speech privacy afforded to particular individual occupants.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the sound isolation between the interior of a closed room and locations outside the room, and also the background noise levels at the locations outside the room. The results can be used to rate the degree of speech privacy, or to estimate the probability of speech being intelligible or audible at each receiving point.5.2 People speak at different levels and vary their voice level in reaction to room noise and other acoustical factors. Consequently it is not possible to say definitely whether a room is protected against eavesdropping. One can only assign a probability of being overheard. The owners or managers of the closed room under consideration must set criteria for this probability according to their specific goals and circumstances. The non-mandatory appendix gives an approach to setting criteria.1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for measuring the degree of speech privacy provided by a closed room, for conversations occurring within the room, and with potential eavesdroppers located outside the room.1.2 The degree of speech privacy measured by this method is that due to the sound insulation of the room structure—the walls, floor, ceiling and any other elements of the room boundaries—and to the background noise at listening positions outside the closed the room.1.3 Potential eavesdroppers are assumed to be unaided by electronic or electroacoustic equipment, and not touching the room boundaries. Determined efforts to eavesdrop are not addressed.1.4 The method may be applied to any enclosed room, whether specifically intended to be protected against eavesdropping or not.1.5 The method does not set criteria for adequate speech privacy. A non-mandatory appendix provides guidance on how the results of this test method may be used to estimate the probability of an eavesdropper being able to understand speech outside a closed room, and how to set criteria for such rooms.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2348-04(2017) Standard Performance Specification for Privacy Padlocks Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This performance specification covers the functional, operational, and security requirements, as well as the function descriptions, operational tests, forcing tests, and surreptitious entry tests for privacy padlocks that offer limited protection to forced attack similar to that provided by tamper-indicative security seals. The types of padlocks covered here are as follows: Type P01—key operated; Type P02—combination operated; Type P03—frangible element operated; Type P04—replaceable frangible element operated; and Type P05—independent custody operated. Four levels of performance are described in this specification with Grade 0 the lowest and Grade 3 the highest.1.1 This specification covers functional, operational, and security requirements for padlocks. Included are function descriptions, operational tests, forcing tests, and surreptitious entry tests.1.2 This specification describes and grades various levels of performance to provide users of the specification with criteria upon which to select suitable padlocks.1.3 Tests described are laboratory tests, and although they simulate field conditions as to attacks, they do not duplicate these conditions. Tests described are repeatable in the laboratory.1.4 Some users of this specification may wish to use padlocks that have special attributes not related to security.1.5 This specification describes and grades various levels of performance provided by limited dual custody operation.1.6 The specific padlocks included have shackles of limited diameter, permitting attachment to existing zipper slides and zipper pulls and other devices provided for closure.1.7 These padlocks are considered “privacy padlocks” offering limited protection to forced attack similar to that provided by tamper-indicative security seals. A successful forced attack would be indicated by the damage done to the padlock. For padlocks offering greater protection to forced attack, the user is directed to Performance Specification F883.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 8 – 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification establishes the criteria for polymer privacy insert slats designed for insertion into chain link fabric after the chain link fence installation and privacy chain fabric having slats preinserted into chain link mesh during the chain link weaving process. It covers four types of polymer privacy insert slats: Type P-V consisting of polyethylene privacy insert slats hand inserted vertically into standard mesh chain link fabric after the fence installation; Type P-D consisting of polyethylene privacy insert slats hand woven diagonally into standard mesh chain link fabric after the fence installation; Type F-VDH consisting of modified fiberglass privacy insert slats hand woven, vertically, diagonally or horizontally into standard mesh chain link fabric after the fence installation; and Type PI-V consisting of privacy chain link fabric with vertical high density polyethylene privacy slats pre-inserted into the chain link mesh during the chain link weaving process. The standard addresses ordering information, privacy slat design configurations, weathering, chain link fence framework, tie wires and hog rings, and installation.1.1 This specification covers polymer privacy insert slats designed for insertion into chain link fabric after the chain link fence installation and privacy chain fabric having slats pre-inserted into chain link mesh during the chain link weaving process.1.1.1 Type P-V consists of polyethylene privacy insert slats hand inserted vertically into standard mesh chain link fabric after the fence installation.1.1.2 Type P-D consists of polyethylene privacy insert slats hand woven diagonally into standard mesh chain link fabric after the fence installation.1.1.3 Type F-VDH consists of modified fiberglass privacy insert slats hand woven, vertically, diagonally or horizontally into standard mesh chain link fabric after the fence installation.1.2 Type PI-V consists of privacy chain link fabric containing vertical high density polyethylene privacy slats pre-inserted into the chain link mesh during the chain link weaving process. Style 1a: Wider, 2 3/8 in. [60.3 mm] to 3 in. [76.2 mm] slats, pre-inserted into specially designed larger mesh. Style 1b: Type P-V friction fit slats pre-inserted into standard 2 in. [50 mm] chain link mesh.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Many U.S. healthcare and health information systems leaders believe that electronic health information systems that include computer-based patient records will improve health care. To achieve this goal these systems will need to protect individual privacy of patient data, provide appropriate access, and use adequate data security measures. Sound information policies and practices must be in place prior to the wide-scale deployment of health information systems. Strong enforceable privacy policies must shape the development and implementation of these systems.4.2 The purposes of patient records are to document the course of the patient's illness or health status during each encounter and episode of care; to furnish documentary evidence of the course of the patient's health evaluation, treatment and change in condition; to document an individual's health status; to provide data for preventive care; to document communication between the practitioner responsible for the patient's care and any other healthcare practitioner who contributes to the patient's care; to assist in protecting the legal interest of the patient, the health care facility and the responsible practitioner; to provide continuity of care; to provide data to substantiate insurance claims; to provide a basis for evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of care; and to provide data for use in continuing education and research.4.3 Health information is a broad concept. It includes all information related to an individual's physical and mental health, the provision of health care generally, and payment for health care. The patient record is a major component of the health information system. The creation of electronic databases and communication protocols to transfer data between systems presents new opportunities to implement more effective systems for health information, to enhance patient care, reduce the cost of health care, and improve patient outcomes. National standards guide all that have responsibilities for records and information systems containing person identifiable health data and information.4.4 This guide also acknowledges the large and growing list of health information databases already in existence. These databases have been assembled to pay for services rendered (insurance), to validate the appropriate use of patient services (utilization management), to support policy (national levels), to gather data for research/tracking of specific problems (registries—such as tumor, trauma, birth defects, mental health case management), to prevent the spread of disease (required reporting of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, gonorrhea, AIDS), and to respond to new uses which are proposed each year.4.5 National standards delineating principles and practices in the areas of confidentiality, privacy, access, and data security will provide a guide for policy, law, and systems development and a base for standards for electronic health information regardless of its location.1.1 This guide covers the principles for confidentiality, privacy, access, and security of person identifiable health information. The focus of this standard is computer-based systems; however, many of the principles outlined in this guide also apply to health information and patient records that are not in an electronic format. Basic principles and ethical practices for handling confidentiality, access, and security of health information are contained in a myriad of federal and state laws, rules and regulations, and in ethical statements of professional conduct. The purpose of this guide is to synthesize and aggregate into a cohesive guide the principles that underpin the development of more specific standards for health information and to support the development of policies and procedures for electronic health record systems and health information systems.1.2 This guide includes principles related to:  SectionPrivacy 7Confidentiality 8Collection, Use, and Maintenance 9Ownership 10Access 11Disclosure/Transfer of Data 12Data Security 13Penalties/Sanctions 14Education 151.3 This guide does not address specific technical requirements. It is intended as a base for development of more specific standards.

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PLUS 8300 Introduction - The Purpose of This Workbook The Publication CAN/CSA-Q830, A Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information, referred to as the CSA Code, (a) provides the principles for the management of personal information; (b)

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plus 8830 PLUS 8830, Implementing Privacy Codes of Practice 现行 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

PLUS 8300 Introduction - The Purpose of This Workbook The Publication CAN/CSA-Q830, A Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information, referred to as the CSA Code, (a) provides the principles for the management of personal information; (b)

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