4.1 Program and project estimates are a necessary part of planning and implementing any program of work.4.2 These estimates are used by persons involved in the planning and management of programs and projects. They are an essential part of establishing initial budgets and provide a framework for continuing updates permitting cost control through the life of a program and its various projects.4.3 Users include owners, developers, facilities programmers, financial managers, company controllers, executives, program managers, project managers, and specialist cost planners including life cycle cost analysts.4.4 They are also of use in risk management, and also provide a consistent list of major activity phases for use in program and project time schedules.1.1 This classification establishes a classification of cost summaries for use when estimating program and project costs.1.2 This classification can be applied to construction programs and projects that include one or more construction work projects.1.3 This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction (as defined and classified in Classification E1557 for example); rather, the classification items are cost components common to most program and project estimates.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice increases the level of communication, provides an organized approach to cost control during the design of a project, and also provides a means of identifying extraordinary cost items and changes in assumptions between estimates.5.2 The users of this practice include owners, developers, contractors, cost professionals, estimators, architects, engineers, specification writers, quantity surveyors, and anyone charged with the responsibility of successfully managing the design of a building and its related site work within a specified project budget.5.3 Use this reporting format during the following:5.3.1 Contracting for design cost analysis services,5.3.2 Comparing the current design costs to a previous estimate, and5.3.3 Responding to each design phase.5.4 This practice provides a tool for analyzing design options and examining strategies to maintain the project budget.1.1 This practice covers an arranged method for providing cost analysis during the design phase of a building project.1.2 The use of this practice increases the level of communication between the design professional, owner, and the cost professional providing the cost consulting services.1.3 The practice establishes a structured method to support design decisions.1.4 The practice provides design and cost professionals with a framework for historically tabulating information to be used on relevant future projects.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 14064-2, Greenhouse gases - Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements, which

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4.1 This practice addresses AML PAs, PUs, Keyword Features, and Project Sites. This practice is significant as it provides for uniformity of geospatial data pertaining to the geographic location and description of AML sites located throughout the United States.4.2 This geospatial data standard will help ensure uniformity of data contributed by each RA and assist organizations in efforts to create, utilize, and share geospatial data. Use of this standard will result in organized and accessible data to support programmatic decisions and work plan development, increased awareness of AML problems, and better communication between RA, the public, industry, and other interested parties.4.3 The geospatial data may be served as a layer in a national dataset and map service.1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for the accurate location and description of geospatial data for defining Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Problem Areas, Planning Units, Keyword Features, and Project Sites as originally defined by the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), through its Abandoned Mine Land Inventory Manual (Directive AML-1) under the jurisdiction of Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. These standards remain applicable to mining organizations that geospatially locate and identify AML sites, however these standards can be used for entities that are in beginning phases of mapping and identifying AML sites using protocol that is consistent with existing nomenclature.1.1.1 Abandoned mine lands consist of those lands and waters which were mined for coal or other minerals, or both, and abandoned or left in an inadequate condition of reclamation and for which there is no continuing reclamation responsibility for mitigation of adverse impacts to human health and safety or environmental resources.1.1.2 As used in this practice, an AML Problem Area (PA) represents a closed polygon boundary for a uniquely defined geographic area contained within an AML Planning Unit (PU). An AML PA is a subdivision of an AML PU that contains one or more AML keyword features together with impacted land or water resources or both. An AML PA should not cross PU boundaries.1.1.3 As used in this practice, an AML PU represents a closed polygon boundary of a uniquely defined geographic area identified by unique numbers and names. An entire WCU may be delineated as a single PU or subdivided into multiple PUs.1.1.4 As used in this practice, an AML Keyword Feature is a point, line, or polygon defining the location of a specific on-the-ground feature contained within an AML Problem Area (PA) as described in the AML Inventory Manual.1.1.5 As used in this practice, an AML Project Site is a closed polygon boundary for a uniquely defined geographic area that includes the area disturbed to achieve the reclamation. An AML Project Site may contain one or more AML keyword features together with impacted land or water resources or both.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Waste samples collected using this practice provide representative samples for analysis in a laboratory using the TCLP.5.2 The TCLP is used to simulate the transfer of lead from buried lead-containing waste into the ground water system upon codisposal of the lead-containing waste and municipal solid waste in unlined solid-waste landfills. The TCLP attempts to simulate rain or ground water leaching, or both. For the procedure to yield a predictor of the subsurface (in-ground) leaching process, a representative sample of the volume of the waste must be selected and submitted for leaching and analysis. The result of the sampling, leaching, and analysis process is used to determine the waste handling and disposal protocols to be followed and to document compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and requirements. This practice addresses the sampling process by defining a component-volume-based method to collect and assemble a representative sample of a solid waste stream that may contain heterogeneous components.5.3 The collection of a volume-based sample of the waste stream is based on the fact that the TCLP leachate lead concentration limit, like other such TCLP limits, was developed based on the spatial dimensions of landfills.5.4 Individuals who use this practice are expected to be trained in the proper and safe conduct of sampling of lead-containing wastes, qualified/certified/licensed as required by those authorities having jurisdiction over such activities, and properly utilize tools and safety equipment when conducting these procedures.5.5 This practice may involve use of various hand and power tools for sampling the components of the waste. It is intended that such tools should be properly and safely used by persons trained and familiar with their performance and use.5.6 In general terms, building components are drilled, sawed, snipped, etc., to collect samples of the various components in proportion to the volume of those components in the entire building. The component samples are assembled, and the resulting assembled sample is analyzed according to the TCLP protocol.1.1 This practice describes a method for selecting samples of building components coated with paints suspected of containing lead. The samples are collected from the debris waste stream created during demolition, renovation, lead hazard control, or abatement projects. The samples are subsequently analyzed in the laboratory for lead.1.1.1 The debris waste stream is assumed to have more than one painted component, for example, metal doors, wood doors, and wood window trim.1.2 This practice is intended for use when sampling to test for lead only and does not include sampling considerations for other metals or for organic compounds. This practice also does not include consideration of sampling for determination of other possible hazardous characteristics of the waste.1.3 This practice assumes that the individual component types comprising the debris waste stream are at least partially segregated and that the volume of each type of component in the debris waste stream may be estimated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车