3.1 It is recognized that when comparing different types of rubber materials, the service performance may not correlate to the results of this predictive test.3.2 This test method should not be used as a measure of abrasion resistance for compositions that differ markedly from the standard reference compound. Misleading results, for example, are obtained from polyurethane compositions when compared with the standard reference compound.3.3 Some specimens may bounce (chatter) against the abrasive paper, producing inaccurate results. These should be interpreted with care and the condition reported.3.4 If test results are inconsistent, the specimens should be cut, after the test is run, and inspected for voids. If any voids are present, the results should be disregarded and the test repeated using test specimens that are free from voids.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to abrasion of vulcanized rubber, or other rubber materials that are similar to the standard reference compound, used for the soles and heels of footwear. It is not recommended for materials less than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

AbstractThe normal butane thermophysical property tables are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of normal butane for process design and operations. The preparation of the tables and supporting work was done by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the sponsorship of the Gas Research Institute, the American Gas Association, and the Standard Reference Data Program of NIST. These thermophysical property tables are: thermophysical properties of coexisting gaseous and liquid normal butane and thermophysical properties of normal butane.1.1 The thermophysical property tables for normal butane are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of normal butane for process design and operations. Two tables provide properties at the conditions of liquid-vapor equilibrium (saturation properties), one for liquid and one for vapor, at temperatures between 135 K and the critical point, 425.13 K. A third table provides properties at selected T, p points for the equilibrium phase at temperatures between 140 K and 570 K at pressures to 20 MPa. The tables were developed using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Database product REFPROP, version 10.0.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the isobutane thermophysical property tables which are used in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of isobutane for process design and operations. Tables are provided for gaseous and liquid isobutane at temperatures between 135 and 600K at pressures to 35 MPa. These tables apply directly only to pure gaseous and liquid isobutane. However, it is expected that mathematical models and tables shall be useful for the thermophysical properties of mixtures containing isobutane, such as natural gas. These thermophysical property tables are: Thermophysical Properties of Coexisting Gaseous and Liquid Isobutane, in SI units and Thermophysical Properties of Isobutane, along isobars, in SI units.1.1 The thermophysical property tables for isobutane are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of isobutane for process design and operations. Two tables provide properties at the conditions of liquid-vapor equilibrium (saturation properties), one for liquid and one for vapor, at temperatures between 120 K and the critical point, 407.81 K. A third table provides properties at selected T, p points for the equilibrium phase at temperatures between 120 K and 570 K at pressures to 20 MPa. The tables were developed using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Database product REFPROP, version 9.1.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Uses—This practice is intended for use by federal agencies, and environmental professionals in order to facilitate ECP efforts. It is also intended for use by preparers and reviewers of environmental condition of property maps and ECP reports used to support CERFA uncontaminated property identifications and property suitable for transfer by lease or by deed. GSA regulations addressing the disposal of federal property (41 CFR §105-72), require the landholding agency to assert either that (a) there is no evidence of hazardous substance activity, or (b) there is evidence of hazardous substance activity that occurred on the property. If there is evidence that hazardous substance activity occurred on the property, the landholding agency has a “due diligence” obligation to provide detailed, accurate information on all “reportable quantities” of hazardous substances stored, released, or disposed of on property that it reports to GSA for disposal. The specific substances that must be reported under CERCLA and their reporting limits are described in 40 CFR §302.4 and 40 CFR §373. If the landholding agency discloses that hazardous substance activity took place on the property, then the landholding agency must assert whether or not all required remedial action necessary to protect human health and the environment has been taken with respect to those hazardous substances.4.1.1 The ECP reports prepared in accordance with this practice may be used to achieve compliance with the federal Management Regulations, Real Property Disposal rules codified in 41 CFR §102-75.4.2 Clarifications on Use: 4.2.1 Use Not Limited to CERCLA—This practice is designed to assist the user in developing information about the environmental condition of a property and as such has utility for a wide range of persons, including those who may have no actual or potential CERCLA liability (see 40 CFR §373, 41 CFR §102-75 and Section 208 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, Public Law 94-579).4.2.2 Residential Tenants/Purchasers and Others—No implication is intended that it is currently customary practice for residential tenants of multifamily residential buildings, tenants of single-family homes or other residential real estate, or purchasers of dwellings for one's own residential use, to conduct an ECP in connection with these transactions. Thus, these transactions are not included in the term commercial real estate transactions. Thus, although such property may be included within the scope of an ECP, their occupants shall not be treated as key site personnel with regard to the housing occupied for the purpose of conducting an ECP.4.2.3 Site-Specific—This practice is site-specific in that it relates to assessment of environmental conditions of federal real property. Consequently, this practice does not address many additional issues raised in transactions such as purchases of business entities; or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve environmental liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other off-site environmental liabilities.4.3 Related Practices—See Practices E1527 and E2247.4.4 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this practice and all related practices and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or environmental professional in performing an ECP or in judging whether a user or environmental professional has conducted appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate ECP.4.4.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No ECP can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for recognized environmental conditions in connection with a property. Performance of this practice is intended to reduce uncertainty regarding the potential for recognized environmental conditions in connection with a property to the minimum practicable level, but not eliminate such uncertainty altogether, as well as to recognize reasonable limits of time and cost for property information.4.4.2 Level of Inquiry is Variable—Not every federal property will warrant the same level of ECP effort. Consistent with good practice, the appropriate level of ECP will be guided by the type of property subject to ECP and the information developed in its conduct.4.4.3 Comparison with Subsequent Inquiry—It should not be concluded or assumed that an inquiry was not an appropriate inquiry merely because the inquiry did not identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a property. The ECPs must be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent ECPs should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior ECP based on hindsight, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors.4.5 Continued Viability of Environmental Baseline Survey—An ECP meeting or exceeding this practice and completed less than 180 days prior to the date of a subsequent use is presumed to be valid for that use. An ECP not meeting or exceeding this practice or completed more than 180 days previously may be used to the extent allowed by 4.6 – 4.6.5.4.6 Prior ECP Usage—This practice recognizes that ECPs performed in accordance with this practice or otherwise containing information which was reasonably accurate at the time prepared will include information that subsequent users may want to use to avoid undertaking duplicative ECP procedures. Therefore, this practice describes procedures to be followed to assist users in determining the appropriateness of using information in ECPs performed previously. The system of prior ECP usage is based on the following principles that should be adhered to in addition to the specific procedures set forth elsewhere in this practice:4.6.1 Use of Prior Information—Subject to 4.6.4, users and environmental professionals may use information in prior ECPs provided such information was generated as a result of procedures that meet or exceed the requirements of this practice or accurately state the limitations of the information presented. When using information from an ECP which, as a whole, fails to meet or exceed the requirements of this practice, the use shall be limited to those portions of the ECP which, based upon the limitations and methodology of the ECP report, the environmental professional finds to be reasonably accurate.NOTE 3: Earlier versions of this practice required the review and analysis of a significantly smaller set of records.4.6.2 Prior ECP Meets or Exceeds—Subject to 4.6.4, a prior ECP may be used in its entirety, without regard to the specific procedures set forth in these practices if, in the reasonable judgment of the user, the prior ECP meets or exceeds the requirements of this practice and the conditions at the property likely to affect environmental condition of property area types in connection with the property are not likely to have changed materially since the prior ECP was conducted. In making this judgment, the user should consider the type of property subject to the ECP and the conditions in the area surrounding the property.4.6.3 Current Investigation—Except as specifically provided in 4.6.2, prior ECPs should not be used without current investigation of conditions likely to affect the environmental condition of property in connection with the property that may have changed materially since the prior ECP was conducted. For an ECP to be consistent with this practice, a new visual inspection, interviews, an update of the records review, and other appropriate activities may have to be performed.4.6.4 Actual Knowledge Exception—If the user or environmental professional(s) conducting an ECP has actual knowledge that the information being used from a prior ECP is not accurate or if it is obvious, based on other information obtained by means of the ECP or known to the person conducting the ECP, that the information being used is not accurate, such information from a prior ECP may not be used.4.6.5 Contractual Issues Regarding Prior ECP Usage—The contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent users of ECPs or between environmental professionals who conducted prior ECPs and those who would like to use such prior ECPs are beyond the scope of this practice.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to define good commercial and customary practice in the United States for assessing the environmental condition of property (ECP) of federal real property. This practice applies to property under consideration for lease, excess and surplus property at closing and realigning military installations, claims reverting to federal ownership such as abandoned mines, and other federally-owned property. The steps in this practice are conducted to fulfill certain requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) section 120(h), as amended by the Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act of 1992 (CERFA) and the federal real property disposal regulations codified in 41 CFR Subpart C (41 CFR 102-75). As such, this practice is intended to help a user to gather and analyze data and information in order to classify property into the applicable environmental condition of property area types (in accordance with the ASTM D5746, Standard Classification of Environmental Condition of Property Area Types, (see Appendix X1). Once documented, the ECP report is used to support Findings of Suitability to Transfer (FOSTs), Findings of Suitability to Lease (FOSLs), or uncontaminated property determinations, or a combination thereof, pursuant to the requirements of CERFA and CERCLA § 120(h). Users of this practice should note that it does not address (except where explicitly noted) requirements for appropriate and timely regulatory consultation or concurrence, or both, during the conduct of the ECP or during the identification and use of the standard environmental condition of property area types.1.1.1 Environmental Condition of Property—In accordance with the federal landholding agency policies and General Services Administration’s (GSA) federal real property management regulations, an ECP will be prepared or evaluated for its usefulness (and updated if necessary) for any federally-owned property to be transferred by deed or leased. The ECP will be based on existing environmental information related to storage, release, treatment, or disposal of hazardous substances, munitions, or petroleum products on the property to determine or discover the obviousness of the presence or likely presence of a release or threatened release of any hazardous substance or petroleum product. In certain cases, additional data, including sampling, if appropriate under the circumstances, may be needed in the ECP to support the FOST or FOSL. A previously conducted ECP may be updated as necessary and used for making a FOST or FOSL. An ECP also may help to satisfy other environmental requirements (for example, to satisfy the requirements of CERFA or to facilitate the preparation of environmental condition reports). In addition, the ECP provides a useful reference document and assists in compliance with hazard abatement policies related to asbestos and lead-based paint. The ECP process consists of discrete steps. This practice principally addresses ECP-related information gathering and analysis.1.1.1.1 Discussion—Prior versions of this practice referred to environmental baseline surveys (EBS). The 2018 Department of Defense 4165.66M Base Redevelopment and Realignment Manual changed the focus to ECP. Appendix 3 of DODM 4165.66M provides direction on the preparation of FOST and FOSL documentation. Section C2.4.2.3 of DODM 4165.66M provides direction for Department of Defense property proposed for disposal and redevelopment.1.1.2 CERCLA Section 120(h) Requirements—This practice is intended to assist with the identification of federal real property and DoD installation areas subject to the notification and covenant requirements of CERCLA § 120(h) relating to the deed transfer of contaminated federal real property (42 USC 9601 et seq.), (see Appendix X2). Examples of other federal landholding agencies that must comply with CERCLA §120(h) requirements include the Bureau of Land Management, the Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Forest Service.1.1.3 CERFA Requirements—This practice provides information to partially fulfill the identification requirements of CERFA [Pub. L. 102-426, 106 Stat. 2174], which amended CERCLA. Property classified as area Type 1, in accordance with Classification D5746 is eligible for reporting as “uncontaminated” under the provisions of CERFA and the Federal Management Regulations, Real Property Disposal rules codified in 41 CFR 102-75. Additionally, certain property classified as area Type 2, where evidence indicates that storage occurred for less than one year, may also be identified as uncontaminated. At installations and federal property listed on the National Priorities List, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concurrence must be obtained for the property to be considered “uncontaminated” and therefore transferable under CERCLA § 120(h)(4). The EPA has stated that there may be instances in which it would be appropriate to concur with the federal landholding agency that certain property can be identified as uncontaminated under CERCLA § 120(h)(4) although some limited quantity of hazardous substances or petroleum products have been stored, released, or disposed of on the property (see EPA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, May 2019). If the information available indicates that the storage, release, or disposal was associated with activities that would not be expected to pose a threat to human health or the environment (for example, housing areas, petroleum-stained pavement areas, and areas having undergone routine application of pesticides), such property should be eligible for expeditious reuse.NOTE 1: Confirmed releases of emerging chemicals of environmental concern may require additional consideration (see Office of the Undersecretary of Defense. Policy Memorandum for Clarifications and Upcoming Changes to Department of Defense Instruction 4715.18 in Response to Department of Defense Office of Inspector General Findings, April 2022).1.1.4 Petroleum Products—Petroleum products and their derivatives are included within the scope of this practice. Areas on which petroleum products or their derivatives were stored for one year or more, known to have been released or disposed of [CERCLA§ 120(h)(4)] are not eligible to be reported as “uncontaminated property” under CERFA.1.1.5 Other Federal, State, and Local Environmental Laws—This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local laws other than the applicable provisions of CERCLA identified in 1.1.2 and 1.1.3. These applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs) may have a bearing upon the ultimate disposition of the federal property. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local laws may impose additional ECP or other environmental assessment obligations that are beyond the scope of this practice. Users should also be aware that there are likely to be other legal obligations with regard to hazardous substances or petroleum products discovered on property that are not addressed in this practice and that may pose risks of civil or criminal sanctions, or both, for noncompliance.1.1.6 Other Federal, State, and Local Real Property and Natural and Cultural Resources Laws—This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state or local real property or natural and cultural resources laws. Users are cautioned that numerous federal, state, and local laws may impose additional environmental and other legal requirements that must be satisfied prior to deed transfer of property that are beyond the scope of this practice.NOTE 2: The General Services Administration’s Excess Real Property Due Diligence Checklist for Federal Landholding Agency Customers, November 2017, provides additional detail on federal ARARs.1.1.7 Non-Federal Property—This standard may also be used by state and local agencies to assess the environmental condition of non-federal property.1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this practice are (1) to synthesize and put in writing a standard practice for conducting a high quality ECP, (2) to facilitate the development of high quality, standardized environmental condition of property maps to be included in an ECP that can be used to support FOSTs, FOSLs, and other applicable environmental condition reports, (3) to facilitate the use of the standard classification of environmental condition of property area types (see Classification D5746), (4) to facilitate the development of a standard guide for preparing and updating ECP reports, and (5) comply with the Federal Real Property Disposal regulations codified in 41 CFR 102-75.1.3 Limitations—Users of this practice should note that, while many of the elements of an ECP are performed in a manner consistent with other “due diligence” functions, an ECP is not prepared to satisfy a purchaser of real property’s duty to conduct “all appropriate inquiries”, as defined in 40 CFR 312, to establish an “innocent landowner defense” to CERCLA § 107 liability. Any such use of any ECP by any party is outside the control of the federal agencies and beyond the scope of any ECP. No warranties or representations are made by any federal agency, its employees, or contractors that any ECP report satisfies any such requirement for any party.1.4 Organization of This Practice—This practice has 15 sections. Section 1 is the scope. Section 2 identifies referenced documents. Section 3, Terminology, includes definitions of terms not unique to this practice, descriptions of terms unique to this practice, and acronyms and abbreviations. Section 4 is the significance and use of this practice. Section 5 describes user's responsibilities. Sections 6 – 13 are the main body of the data gathering analysis steps of the ECP process. Section 14 briefly describes the ECP Step 3 classification of environmental condition of property area types. Section 15 contains a list of keywords. The seven appendices are non-binding and non-mandatory; they provide background, guidance, and examples.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

4.1 Uses—This classification is intended for use by federal landholding agencies and DoD components in order to direct ECOP efforts. It is also intended for use by preparers and reviewers of environmental condition of property maps, explosives safety condition maps, and ECOP reports used to support CERFA uncontaminated parcel identifications and parcels suitable for transfer by lease or by deed. This classification should be used to facilitate standardized determinations of the environmental condition and explosives safety conditions of a federal landholding agency, FUDS, and DoD installation's real property. Such environmental condition of property and explosives safety condition determinations are necessary to assess the progress of ongoing environmental restoration, identify areas where further response may be required, identify areas where further evaluation is necessary, and to support FOSTs and FOSLs. An environmental condition of property map, and explosives safety condition map, if applicable, based upon the ECOP report prepared in accordance with Practice D6008, is prepared using this classification. The ECOP report may be used to determine the MILCON category (see Section 8 and Table X1.1 in Appendix X1).1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this classification is to define eight standard environmental condition of property area types for federally-owned real property with respect to the requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 Section 120(h), as amended by the Community Environmental Response Facilitation Act (CERFA) of 1992, and Section 331 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997. As such, this classification is intended to permit a federal landholding agency to classify property into eight area types, in order to facilitate and support findings of suitability to transfer (FOSTs), findings of suitability to lease (FOSLs), and uncontaminated parcel determinations pursuant to the requirements of CERFA. Users of this classification should note that it does not address (except where noted explicitly) requirements for appropriate and timely regulatory consultation or concurrence, or both, during the identification and use of these environmental condition of property area types.1.1.1 Eight Recognized Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Types—The goal of this classification is to permit federal landholding agencies to classify properties in order to support determinations of which properties are suitable and unsuitable for transfer by lease or by deed. The term “standard environmental condition of property area type” refers to one of the eight area types defined in this classification. An identification of an area type on an environmental condition of property map means that a federal landholding agency federally-owned has conducted sufficient studies to make a determination of the recognized environmental conditions of installation real property or has complied with the identification requirements of uncontaminated property under CERFA, or both, and has categorized the property into one of the following eight area types:1.1.1.1 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 1—An area or parcel of real property where no release, or disposal of hazardous substances or petroleum products or their derivatives has occurred (including no migration of these substances from adjoining properties).1.1.1.2 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 2—An area or parcel of real property where only the release or disposal of petroleum products or their derivatives has occurred.1.1.1.3 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 3—An area or parcel of real property where release, disposal, or migration, or some combination thereof, of hazardous substances has occurred, but at concentrations that do not require a removal or remedial action.1.1.1.4 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 4—An area or parcel of real property where release, disposal, or migration, or some combination thereof, of hazardous substances has occurred, and all remedial actions necessary to protect human health and the environment have been taken.1.1.1.5 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 5—An area or parcel of real property where release, disposal, or migration, or some combination thereof, of hazardous substances has occurred and removal or remedial actions, or both, are under way, but all required actions have not yet been taken.1.1.1.6 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 6—An area or parcel of real property where release, disposal, or migration, or some combination thereof, of hazardous substances has occurred, but required response actions have not yet been initiated.1.1.1.7 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 7—An area or parcel of real property that is unevaluated or requires additional evaluation.1.1.1.8 Standard Environmental Condition of Property Area Type 8—An area or parcel of real property where the release, disposal, or migration, or some combination thereof of hazardous substances or emerging contaminants of environmental concern has likely occurred, but response actions either (1) have not yet been determined, or (2) are being managed under the auspices of an ARAR, such as a federal or state health advisory, or other federal regulatory program such as the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).1.1.2 CERCLA Section 120(h) Requirements—This classification of environmental condition of property area types is consistent with CERCLA § 120(h) requirements relating to the transfer of contaminated federal real property (42 USC 9601 et seq.). Areas classified as Area Types 1 through 4, as defined in this classification, are suitable, with respect to CERCLA § 120(h) requirements, for deed transfer to a non-federal recipient.1.1.3 CERFA Requirements—This classification of environmental condition of property area types can be used in conjunction with the reporting requirements of CERFA, which amended CERCLA (Public Law 102-426, 106 Statute 2174). As defined in this classification, areas classified as Type 1 areas are eligible for reporting as “uncontaminated property” under the provisions of CERFA. At federal installations listed on the national priorities list, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concurrence must be obtained for a parcel to be considered uncontaminated and therefore transferable under CERCLA § 120(h)(4). EPA has stated as a matter of policy that there may be instances in which it would be appropriate to concur with the military service that certain parcels can be identified as uncontaminated under CERCLA § 120(h)(4), although some limited quantity of hazardous substances or petroleum products have been stored, released, or disposed of on the parcel. If the information available indicates that the storage, release, or disposal was associated with activities that would not be expected to pose a threat to human health or the environment (for example, housing areas, petroleum-stained pavement areas, and areas having undergone routine application of pesticides), such parcels should be eligible for expeditious reuse.1.1.4 Petroleum Products—Petroleum products and their derivatives are included within the scope of this classification. Under existing agency-specific and US EPA policy, areas on which petroleum products and their derivatives have been released or disposed of may not be suitable for deed transfer until a response action has been completed.1.2 Objectives—The objectives guiding the development of this classification are as follows: (1) to synthesize and put in writing a standard classification of environmental condition of property area types; (2) to facilitate the development of high-quality, standardized environmental condition of property maps that can be used to support FOSTs and FOSLs; (3) to facilitate the development of a standard practice for conducting environmental baseline surveys; and (4) to facilitate the development of a standard guide for preparing environmental baseline survey reports.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Use—This guide is intended to reflect a reasonable baseline process for the completion of PCAs for use on a voluntary basis. No implication is intended that use of this guide be required to have conducted a PCA in a commercially prudent and reasonable manner. The baseline process described in this guide is subject to a moderate level of uncertainty. Because the objectives, risk tolerance, schedule, and budget of users can be dramatically different there are varying levels of PCA and due diligence that can be exercised that are both more and less comprehensive than this guide that may be appropriate to meet the objectives of the user. In accordance with ASTM protocols, this guide does not recommend a specific course of action or scope of work. Users should consider their requirements, the purpose that the PCA is to serve, and their risk tolerance to refine the scope of assessment and consultant qualifications in order to establish appropriate objectives for the assessment.4.2 Clarification of Use of Assessments: 4.2.1 Specific Point in Time—A user should only rely on the PCR for the point in time that the observations and research were conducted.4.2.2 Site-Specific—The PCA prepared in accordance with this guide is site-specific in that it relates to the physical condition of primary improvements on a specific parcel of commercial real estate. Consequently, this guide does not address many additional issues in commercial real estate transactions such as economic obsolescence, the purchase of business entities, or physical deficiencies relating to off-site conditions.4.2.3 Specific Objectives—PCAs are completed to address specific objectives identified to the consultant by the user. The consultant should be consulted prior to use of the PCA to address any other objective.4.2.4 Intended Users—PCAs are typically completed for use by contracting parties. In some cases, the use of or reliance on reports may be extended to additional parties by mutual agreement of the contracting parties. Use of or reliance on PCAs by others may violate the rights of contracting parties and fail to satisfy the objectives of such unauthorized parties.4.3 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this guide. They are intended to be referred to in resolving ambiguity, or in exercising discretion accorded the user or consultant in conducting a PCA, or in judging whether a user or consultant has conducted appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate PCA.4.3.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No PCA can wholly eliminate the uncertainty regarding the presence of physical deficiencies and the performance of building systems or building components. Preparation of a PCR in accordance with this guide is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, the uncertainty regarding the potential for building system or building component failure and to reduce the potential that such building system or building component may not be initially observed. This guide also recognizes the inherent subjective nature of reported opinions as to such issues as workmanship, quality of original installation, and estimating the RUL of any given component or system. Users should work with their consultant to consider modifications to the scope of the PCA that may reduce uncertainties.4.3.2 Suggested Remedies—The guide recognizes that a suggested remedy may be determined under time constraints, formed without the aid of engineering calculations, testing, exploratory probing, the removal or relocation of materials, design, or other technically exhaustive means. Furthermore, there may be other alternatives or more appropriate schemes or methods to remedy a physical deficiency. The suggested remedies are generally formed without detailed knowledge from those familiar with the historical or actual performance of the building system or building component.4.3.3 Not Technically Exhaustive—The PCA is not intended to be construed as technically exhaustive. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained, or the time required to conduct the PCA and prepare the PCR, may outweigh the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly and timely completion of a commercial real estate transaction. It is the intent of this guide to attempt to identify a balance between limiting the costs and time demands inherent in performing a PCA and reducing the uncertainty about unknown physical deficiencies resulting from completing additional inquiry.4.3.4 Representative Observations—The purpose of conducting representative observations is to convey to the user the expected magnitude of commonly encountered or anticipated conditions. Recommended representative observation quantities for various asset types are provided in Annex A1; however, if in the consultant’s opinion, the recommended representative observations are unwarranted as a result of homogeneity of the asset or other reasons deemed appropriate, the field observer may survey sufficient units, areas, buildings, building systems, and building components so as to comment with reasonable confidence as to the representative presence of physical deficiencies at such repetitive or similar areas, building systems, and building components. If there is more than one building on the subject property, and they are homogeneous with respect to approximate age, use, basic design, materials, and systems, it is not a requirement of this guide for the field observer to observe the building systems and building components within each individual building to describe or comment on their condition within the PCR. The descriptions and observations provided in the PCR are to be construed as representative of all similar improvements.4.3.4.1 User-Mandated Representative Observations—A user may mandate the representative observations required for a given subject property or a particular building system or building component. Such representative observations may be more or less detailed than this guide's recommended representative observations as provided in Annex A1.4.3.4.2 Extrapolation of Findings—Consultant may reasonably extrapolate representative observations and findings to all typical areas or systems of the subject property for the purposes of describing such conditions within the PCR and preparing the opinions of costs for suggested remedies.4.3.5 Level of Due Diligence is Variable—Not every subject property will warrant the same level of assessment. The appropriate level of assessment is guided by the purpose the PCA is to serve; type of subject property; age of the improvements; expertise and risk tolerance of the user; and time available for preparing and reviewing the opinions contained in the PCR.4.4 Prior PCR Usage—This guide recognizes that PCRs prepared in accordance with this guide may include information that subsequent users and consultants may want to use to avoid duplication and to reduce cost. Therefore, this guide includes procedures to assist users and consultants in determining the appropriateness of using such information. In addition to the specific procedures contained elsewhere in this guide, the following should be considered:4.5 Use of Prior PCR Information—Information contained in prior property condition reports may be helpful to assist in understanding the subject property and planning the walk-through survey and research for the completion of a current PCR. Such information should serve only as an aid to a consultant in fulfilling the requirements of this guide and to assist the field observer in the walk-through survey, research, and the field observer’s understanding of the subject property; and should be verified during the completion of a current assessment.4.5.1 Comparison with a Previously Prepared PCR—Discrepancies between a PCR and a previously prepared PCR are not indicative that either PCR is deficient. User requirements and objectives, the purpose of the PCR, qualifications and experience of the assessment team, time available to complete the PCR, access to and availability of information, hindsight, new or additional information, enhanced visibility because of improved weather or site conditions, equipment not in a shutdown mode, specific building systems and building components observed, and other factors may significantly impact the findings and opinions of the PCR. It should not be concluded or assumed that a previous PCR was deficient because the previous PCA did not discover a certain physical deficiency, or because opinions of costs in the previous PCR are different. Because a PCR contains a representative indication of the condition of the subject property at the time of the walk-through survey and is dependent on the information available to the consultant at that time, the PCR should be evaluated on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they are made.4.5.2 Conducting Current Walk-Through Surveys—At a minimum, for a PCR to be consistent with this guide, a new walk-through survey, interviews, and solicitation and review of building and fire department records for recorded material violations should be performed.4.6 Actual Knowledge Exception—If the user or consultant conducting a PCA has actual knowledge that the information from a prior PCR is not accurate, or if it is obvious to the field observer that the information is not accurate, such information from a prior PCR should not be used.4.7 Contractual Issues—This guide recognizes that contractual and legal obligations may exist between prior and subsequent users of PCRs, or between users and consultants who performed prior PCRs, or both. Consideration of such contractual obligations is beyond the scope of this guide. Furthermore, a subsequent user of a prior PCA should be apprised that the report may have been prepared for purposes other than the current desired purpose of the PCR and should determine the contractual purpose and scope of the prior PCA.4.8 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between a user and consultant (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this guide. No specific legal relationship between the user and consultant was considered during the preparation of this guide.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to provide a framework for conducting a property condition assessment (PCA) of the primary improvements at commercial real estate properties by performing a walk-through survey and conducting research as outlined within this guide.1.1.1 Physical Deficiencies—The goal of the baseline process for property condition assessments is to identify and communicate material physical deficiencies to a user.1.1.2 Walk-Through Survey—This guide outlines procedures for conducting a walk-through survey to identify physical deficiencies, and recommends various building systems and building components that should be observed by the field observer.1.1.3 Document Reviews and Interviews—The scope of this guide includes document reviews, research, and interviews to augment the walk-through survey to assist with understanding the subject property and identification of physical deficiencies.1.1.4 Property Condition Report—The work product resulting from completing a PCA in accordance with this guide is a property condition report (PCR). The PCR incorporates the information obtained during the Walk-Through Survey, the Document Review and Interviews sections of this guide and includes opinions of costs for suggested remedies of observed physical deficiencies.1.2 Objectives—Objectives in the development of this guide are to: (1) provide a framework for conducting a property condition assessment (PCA) of the primary improvements located on a parcel of commercial real estate; (2) facilitate consistent and pertinent content in PCRs; (3) develop pragmatic and reasonable recommendations and expectations for site observations, document reviews and research associated with conducting PCAs and preparing PCRs; (4) establish reasonable expectations for PCRs; (5) assist in developing an industry standard of care for appropriate baseline observations and research; and (6) recommend protocols for the consultants for communicating observations, opinions, and recommendations in a manner meaningful to the user.1.3 Out of Considerations and Excluded Activities—The use of this guide is strictly limited to the scope set forth herein. Section 12 and Appendix X1 of this guide identify, for informational purposes, certain considerations and physical conditions that may exist on the subject property, and certain activities or procedures (not an all-inclusive list) that are beyond the scope of this guide but may warrant consideration by parties to a commercial real estate transaction to enhance the PCA. Users should work with a knowledgeable consultant to identify additional considerations and concerns to be evaluated. The decision to inquire into out-of-scope considerations or extend the assessment to include excluded activities is to be made by the user. No assessment of out-of-scope considerations is required for a PCA to be conducted in conformance with this guide.1.4 Organization of This guide—This guide consists of several sections, an Annex and two (2) Appendixes. Section 1 is the . Section 3 on Terminology contains definitions of terms both unique to this guide and not unique to this guide, and acronyms. Section 4 sets out the of this guide, and Section 5 describes the User's Responsibilities. Sections 6 through 11 provide guidelines for the main body of the PCR, including the scope of the walk-through survey, preparation of the opinions of costs to address physical deficiencies, and preparation of the PCR. Section 12 provides additional information regarding out-of-scope considerations, activities, and procedures (see section 1.3). Annex A1 provides guidance relating to specific asset types that are considered as integral to this guide. Appendix X1 describes additional concerns a user may consider in modification of the scope of the PCR. Appendix X2 and Appendix X3 outline an approach to limited accessibility screenings.     TABLE OF CONTENTS1    1.1 Purpose  1.2 Objectives  1.3 Out of Considerations and Excluded Activities  1.4 Organization of This guide  1.5 Multiple Buildings  1.6 Safety Concerns3 Terminology  3.2 Definitions  3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms4   4.1 Use  4.2 Clarification of Use of Assessments  4.3 Principles  4.4 Prior PCR Usage  4.5 Use of Prior PCR Information  4.6 Actual Knowledge Exception  4.7 Contractual Issues  4.8 Rules of Engagement5 User's Responsibilities  5.1 Objectives and of Assessment  5.2 Point of Contact  5.3 Access  5.4 User Disclosure6 Property Condition Assessment  6.1 Objective  6.2 PCA Components  6.3 Coordination of Components  6.4 Consultant's Duties7 The Consultant  7.1 Qualifications of the Consultant  7.2 Staffing of the Field Observer  7.3 Independence of the Consultant  7.4 Qualifications of the Field Observer  7.5 Qualifications of the PCR Reviewer  7.6 The Field Observer and PCR Reviewer May Be a Single Individual  7.7 Not a Professional Architectural or Engineering Service8 Document Review and Interviews  8.1 Objective  8.2 Verification of Information Provided by Others  8.3 Accuracy and Completeness  8.4 Government Agency Provided Information  8.5 Pre-Survey Questionnaire  8.6 Owner/User Provided Documentation and Information  8.7 Interviews9 Walk-Through Survey  9.1 Objective  9.2 Frequency  9.3 Photographs  9.4   9.5 Additional Considerations10 Opinions of Costs to Remedy Physical Deficiencies  10.1 Purpose  10.2   10.3 Opinions of Costs Attributes11 Property Condition Report  11.1 Format  11.2 Writing Protocols  11.3 Documentation  11.4 Executive Summary  11.5 Purpose and   11.6 Walk-Through Survey  11.7 Document Reviews and Interviews  11.8 Additional Considerations  11.9 Qualifications  11.10 Limiting Conditions  11.11 Exhibits12 Out of Considerations  12.1 Activity Exclusions  12.2 Warranty, Guarantee, and Code Compliance Exclusions  12.3 Additional/General Considerations13 KeywordsAnnex A1 GUIDANCE AND ENHANCED DUE DILIGENCE SERVICES  A1.1 Multifamily Properties  A1.2 Commercial Office Buildings  A1.3 Retail Buildings   Appendix X1 GUIDANCE AND ENHANCED DUE DILIGENCE SERVICES  X1.1 Qualifications  X1.2 Modifications to the Baseline ProcessAppendix X2 AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ABBREVIATED ADA SCREENINGAppendix X3 FAIR HOUSING ACT (FHA) ABBREVIATED FHA SCREENING1.5 Multiple Buildings—If the subject property is comprised of multiple buildings, it is the intent of this guide that all of the primary improvements are discussed in one PCR.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 The intent of these principles and desired outcomes is to provide requirements and guidance for an effective and efficient system for (1) the acquisition of property, (2) the utilization of available property, and (3) the disposal of property. (40 U.S. Code § 101)4.2 Asset management practices shall seek, when viewed in totality, to be effective and efficient, to the point at which benefits exceed the costs of operation.4.3 The requirements and guidance in this practice shall be used to establish property management plans that strategically address organizational objectives including: scope, management system, management structure, process flows, alignment, internal controls, enforcement, risks, accountability, and resources to collectively realize optimal value from assets.4.4 The intent of this practice is to promote the right sizing and scope of the asset management activity to appropriately manage organizational assets.4.5 To establish a learning and innovative culture with continuous self-assessments and process improvements.4.6 To establish policies, systems, and processes to timely prevent, detect, and correct operational weaknesses and deficiencies in internal controls that may result in waste, fraud abuse, mismanagement, and corruption.1.1 This practice covers the creation of a set of guiding principles that, when adopted, is endorsed by top management to be applied to the practice of property management. These principles will enunciate the objectives and intent of the property (also known as “asset”) management community, stress simplified procedures, promote less rather than more, judgment rather than “by-the-book” decisions, and encourage the adoption of “best practices.”1.2 The acceptance of these guiding principles provides the high potential of improved internal controls and governance. It promotes a problem-solving mentality and culture within the property management community, encourages the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, creates greater commonality between government and industry practices, and increases the ability of organizations to respond to changing needs and business conditions.1.3 This practice adopts the concept that the potential benefits of operating in a manner consistent with a set of standards and guidelines outweigh concerns about the loss of predictability, uniformity, and consistency.1.4 This practice provides property management standards and guidance that may be used for various types of property including tangible, intangible, personal, and real.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice covers the procedures for computing material property characteristic values for polymeric composite materials intended for use in civil engineering structural applications. A characteristic value represents a statistical lower bound on the material property structural member resistance factors for civil engineering design codes for composite structures.4.2 This practice may be used to obtain characteristic values for stiffness and strength properties of composite materials obtained from measurements using applicable test methods.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for computing characteristic values of material properties of polymeric composite materials intended for use in civil engineering structural applications. The characteristic value is a statistically-based material property representing the 80 % lower confidence bound on the 5th-percentile value of a specified population. Characteristic values determined using this standard practice can be used to calculate structural member resistance values in design codes for composite civil engineering structures and for establishing limits upon which qualification and acceptance criteria can be based.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Because of wide variations in service conditions, no correlation between these accelerated tests and service performance is given or implied. However, the test methods yield data that can be used to estimate relative service quality of different compounds. They are often applicable to research and development studies.1.1 These test methods may be used to compare the fatigue characteristics and rate of heat generation of different rubber vulcanizates when they are subjected to dynamic compressive strains.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes, for research and development testing of raw-rubber compounded in an evaluation formulation, and for evaluating various raw materials used in preparing (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.1.1 This test method covers the use of the oscillating disk cure meter for determining selected vulcanization characteristics of vulcanizable rubber compounds.1.2 ISO 3417 is very similar to this test method. It has minor technical differences that are not considered to be significant.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Abrasion resistance is a performance factor of paramount importance for many rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, power transmission belts, hoses, footwear, and floor covering. A test capable of measuring resistance to abrasion of rubber, including uniformity of wear behavior under abrasive/frictional service conditions is therefore highly desirable.5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the relative abrasion resistance of different rubbers. Since conditions of abrasive wear in service are complex and vary widely, no direct correlation between this accelerated test and actual performance can be assumed.5.3 This test method is suitable for comparative testing, quality control, specification compliance testing, referee purposes, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of abrasion resistance of rubbers (vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers) that are subject to abrasive/frictional wear in actual service. The abrasion resistance is measured by simultaneously moving 4 test pieces across the surface of abrasive sheets in a soft lissajous movement, and is expressed as volume loss in cubic millimeters where a smaller number indicates better abrasion resistance.1.2 Test results obtained by this test method shall not be assumed to represent the wear behavior of rubber products in actual service.1.3 Results obtained by this test have shown to be similar to those obtained using Test Method D5963 and ISO 4649.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Uses—This practice is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to assess the environmental condition of forestland or rural property taking into account commonly known and reasonably ascertainable information. While use of this practice is intended to constitute all appropriate inquiries for purposes of the LLPs, it is not intended that its use be limited to that purpose. This practice is intended primarily as an approach to conducting an inquiry designed to identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. No implication is intended that a person shall use this practice in order to be deemed to have conducted inquiry in a commercially prudent or reasonable manner in any particular transaction. Nevertheless, this practice is intended to reflect good commercial and customary practice. (See 1.5.)4.2 Clarifications on Use: 4.2.1 Use Not Limited to CERCLA—This practice is designed to assist the user in developing information about the environmental condition of a subject property and as such, has utility for a wide range of persons, including those who may have no actual or potential CERCLA liability and/or may not be seeking the LLPs.4.2.2 Residential Occupants/Lessees/Purchasers and Others—No implication is intended that it is currently customary practice for residential occupants/lessees of multifamily residential buildings, occupants/lessees of single-family homes or other residential real estate, or purchasers of dwellings for one's own residential use, to conduct an environmental site assessment in connection with these transactions. Thus, these transactions are not included in the term forestland or rural property transactions, and it is not intended to imply that such persons are obligated to conduct an environmental site assessment in connection with these transactions for purposes of all appropriate inquiries or for any other purpose.4.2.3 Site-specific—This practice is site-specific in that it relates to the assessment of environmental conditions for a subject property comprising forestland or rural property. Consequently, this practice does not address many additional issues raised in transactions such as purchases of business entities or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve environmental liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other off-site environmental liabilities.4.3 Related Standard Practice—This practice sets forth one procedure for an environmental site assessment known as a “Phase I Environmental Site Assessment for Forestland or Rural Property,” “Phase I Environmental Site Assessment,” a “Phase I ESA,” or simply a “Phase I.” This practice is separate from and is applicable to different types of property than Practice E1527 as further described in 4.3.1. These practices are each intended to meet the standard of all appropriate inquiries necessary to qualify for the LLPs. It is essential to consider that these practices, taken together, provide for two alternative practices of all appropriate inquiries for forestland or rural property.4.3.1 Election to Commence with This Practice—The user may commence inquiry to identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property by performing this practice when conditions identified in 1.1 are met. A primary consideration in applying this practice instead of E1527 is the nature and extent of the subject property being assessed, as the typical environmental concerns, sources for interviews and records, and the methodology used to perform the site reconnaissance may differ significantly. The subject property need not be contiguous and may contain isolated areas of non-forestland and non-rural property. This practice is intended to provide a more practical approach to assess rural property and forestland properties that are generally uniform in use.4.3.2 Who May Conduct—Whenever a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment is conducted, it must be conducted by an environmental professional, as defined in Appendix X2 (and 40 C.F.R. 312.10(b)), to the extent specified in 7.5.1. Further, at the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment level, no practical standard can be designed to eliminate the role of judgment and the value and need for experience in the party performing the inquiry. The professional judgment of an environmental professional is, consequently, vital to conducting all appropriate inquiries at the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment level.4.4 Additional Services—As set forth in 12.10, additional services may be contracted for between the user and the environmental professional. Such additional services may include BER issues not included within the scope of this practice, examples of which are identified in Section 13 under Non- Considerations.4.5 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this practice and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or environmental professional in conducting an environmental site assessment or in judging whether a user or environmental professional has conducted all appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate environmental site assessment.4.5.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No environmental site assessment can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. Performance of this practice is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the potential for recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property, and this practice recognizes reasonable limits of time and cost.4.5.2 Not Exhaustive—All appropriate inquiries does not mean an exhaustive assessment of a property. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained or the time required to gather it outweighs the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly completion of transactions. One of the purposes of this practice is to identify a balance between the competing goals of limiting the costs and time demands inherent in conducting an environmental site assessment and the reduction of uncertainty about unknown conditions resulting from additional information.4.5.3 Level of Inquiry Is Variable—Not every property will warrant the same level of assessment. Consistent with good commercial or customary standards and practices as defined at 42 U.S.C. § 9601(35)(B), the appropriate level of environmental site assessment will be guided by the type of property subject to assessment, the expertise and risk tolerance of the user, future intended uses of the subject property disclosed to the environmental professional, and the information developed in the course of the inquiry. This practice is no less stringent than Practice E1527; however, the means by which this practice intends to satisfy that level of all appropriate inquiries within reasonable time and cost constraints are different than under Practice E1527. Site reconnaissance of isolated areas of the property that include activities outside the definition of forestland or rural property should be addressed using methodologies such as those provided in E1527. See also section 1.1.1.4.5.4 Comparison with Subsequent Inquiry—It should not be concluded or assumed that an inquiry was not all appropriate inquiries merely because the inquiry did not identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. Environmental site assessments must be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent environmental site assessments should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior assessment based on hindsight, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors.4.5.5 Point in Time—The environmental site assessment is based upon conditions at the time of completion of the individual environmental site assessment elements (see 7.2).4.6 Continued Viability of Environmental Site Assessment: 4.6.1 Presumed Viability—Subject to 4.8 and the user’s responsibilities set forth in Section 6, an environmental site assessment meeting or exceeding this practice is presumed to be viable when it is completed less than 180 days prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property (or, for transactions not involving an acquisition, the date of the intended transaction). The completion dates of the components presented in 4.6.2(i), (iii), (iv), and (v) for interviews, review of government records, visual inspections, and declaration by environmental professional, shall be identified in the report. Completion of searches for recorded environmental cleanup liens (4.6.2(ii)) is a user responsibility; however, if the user has engaged the environmental professional to conduct these searches, then that date shall also be identified in the report.4.6.2 Updating of Certain Components—Subject to 4.8 and the user’s responsibilities set forth in Section 6, an environmental site assessment meeting or exceeding this practice, and for which the information was collected within one year prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property, may be used provided that the following components of the inquiries were updated within 180 days of the date of purchase or the date of the intended transaction; the 180-day period shall commence from the completion of any of these components, whichever is first:(i) interviews with owners, operators, and occupants;(ii) searches for recorded environmental cleanup liens (a user responsibility, see Section 6);(iii) searches of federal, tribal, state, and local government records;(iv) visual inspections of the subject property and of adjoining properties; and(v) the declaration by the environmental professional responsible for the assessment or update.4.6.3 Compliance with All Appropriate Inquiries—To qualify for one of the threshold criteria for satisfying the LLPs to CERCLA liability, the all appropriate inquiries components listed in 4.6.2 must be conducted or updated within 180 days of and prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property, and all other components of all appropriate inquiries must be conducted within one year prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property. The date of the report generally does not represent the date the individual components of all appropriate inquiries were completed and should not be used when evaluating compliance with the 180-day or 1-year all appropriate inquiries requirements.4.6.4 User’s Responsibilities—If, within the period described above, the environmental site assessment will be used by a user different than the user for whom the environmental site assessment was originally prepared, the subsequent user must also satisfy the user’s responsibilities in Section 6.4.7 Prior Assessment Usage—This practice recognizes that environmental site assessments conducted in accordance with this practice will include information that subsequent users may want to use to avoid undertaking duplicative assessment procedures. Therefore, this practice describes procedures to be followed to assist users in determining the appropriateness of using information in environmental site assessments performed more than one year prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property (or for transactions not involving an acquisition such as a lease or refinance, the date of the intended transaction). The system of prior assessment usage is based on the following principles that should be adhered to in addition to the specific procedures set forth elsewhere in this practice:4.7.1 Use of Prior Information—Subject to the requirements set forth in 4.6, users and environmental professionals may use information in prior environmental site assessments provided such information was generated as a result of procedures that meet or exceed the requirements of this practice. However, such information shall not be used without current investigation of conditions likely to affect recognized environmental conditions in connection with the subject property. Additional tasks may be necessary to document conditions that may have changed materially since the prior environmental site assessment was conducted. Nothing in this practice is intended to convey a right to use or rely upon resources, information, findings, or opinions provided in prior assessments.4.7.2 Contractual Issues Regarding Prior Assessment Usage—The contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent users of environmental site assessments or between environmental professionals who conducted prior environmental site assessments and those who would like to use such prior environmental site assessments are beyond the scope of this practice.4.8 Actual Knowledge Exception—If the user or environmental professional conducting an environmental site assessment has actual knowledge that the information being used from a prior environmental site assessment is not accurate or if it is obvious , based on other information obtained by means of the environmental site assessment or known to the person conducting the environmental site assessment, that the information being used is not accurate, such information from a prior environmental site assessment may not be used.4.9 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between an environmental professional and a user (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this practice. No specific legal relationship between the environmental professional and the user is necessary for the user to meet the requirements of this practice.4.10 Organization of This Practice—This practice has thirteen sections and six appendices. Section 1 is the . Section 2 is Referenced Documents. Section 3, Terminology, has definitions of terms not unique to this practice, descriptions of terms unique to this practice, and acronyms. Section 4 is of this practice. Section 5 provides discussion regarding activity and use limitations. Section 6 describes User’s Responsibilities. Sections 7 – 12 are the main body of the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, including evaluation and report preparation. Section 13 provides additional information regarding non-scope considerations (see 1.4). The appendices are included for information and are not part of the procedures prescribed in this practice. Appendix X1 explains the liability and defense provisions of CERCLA that will assist the user in understanding the user’s responsibilities under CERCLA; it also contains other important information regarding CERCLA, the Brownfields Amendments, and this practice. Appendix X2 provides the definition of the environmental professional responsible for the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, as required in the “All Appropriate Inquiries” Final Rule (40 C.F.R. Part 312). Appendix X3 provides an optional User Questionnaire to assist the user and the environmental professional in gathering information from the user that may be material to identifying recognized environmental conditions. Appendix X4 offers an additional examination of the recognized environmental condition definition. Appendix X5 provides a suggested table of contents and report format for a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. Appendix X6 summarizes non-scope considerations that persons may want to assess.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to provide an alternative method to ASTM E1527 for good commercial and customary practices in the United States of America for conducting a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment2 of forestland or rural property with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to permit a user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous property owner, or bona fide prospective purchaser limitations on CERCLA liability (hereinafter, the “landowner liability protections,” or “LLPs”): that is, the practice that constitutes “all appropriate inquiries” into the previous ownership and uses of a property consistent with good commercial and customary standards and practices as defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). (See Appendix X1 for an outline of CERCLA's liability and defense provisions.) Controlled substances are not included within the scope of this standard. Persons conducting an environmental site assessment as part of an EPA Brownfields Assessment and Characterization Grant awarded under CERCLA 42 U.S.C. §9604(k)(2)(B) must include controlled substances as defined in the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §802) within the scope of the assessment investigations to the extent directed in the terms and conditions of the specific grant or cooperative agreement. Additionally, an evaluation of business environmental risk (BER) associated with a parcel of commercial real estate may necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice (see 1.4 and Section 13).1.1.1 Standard Practice Selection—The methodology included in this practice is an effective and practical process for achieving the objectives of a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment of forestland or rural property when some of the methodologies of ASTM E1527 are deemed to be impractical or unnecessary due to the size or nature of the property. This practice is intended to provide a more practical approach to assess rural and forestland properties that are generally uniform in use. A primary consideration in applying this practice instead of E1527 is the nature and extent of the property being assessed, as the typical environmental concerns, sources for interviews and records, and the methodology used to perform the site reconnaissance may differ significantly. The property to be assessed using this standard practice need not be contiguous and may contain isolated areas of non-forestland and non-rural property. Site reconnaissance of isolated areas of the property that include activities outside the definition of forestland or rural property should be addressed using methodologies such as those provided in E1527, which may be conducted and reported in conjunction with this practice, as discussed in 4.5.3.1.1.2 Recognized Environmental Conditions—The goal of the processes established by this practice is to identify recognized environmental conditions. The term recognized environmental condition means (1) the presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property due to any release to the environment; (2) the likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property due to a release or likely release to the environment; or (3) the presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property under conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the environment. A de minimis condition is not a recognized environmental condition.1.1.3 Related Standard Practices—This practice is closely related to Standard Practice E1527. Standard Practice E1527 is an environmental site assessment for commercial real estate (see 4.3).1.1.4 Petroleum Products—Petroleum products are included within the scope of this practice because they are of concern with respect to many parcels of forestland or rural property and current custom and usage is to include an inquiry into the presence of petroleum products when conducting an environmental site assessment of forestland or rural property. Inclusion of petroleum products within the scope of this practice is not based upon the applicability, if any, of CERCLA to petroleum products.1.1.5 CERCLA Requirements Other Than Appropriate Inquiries—This practice does not address whether requirements in addition to all appropriate inquiries have been met in order to qualify for the LLPs (for example, the duties specified in 42 U.S.C. §§9607(b)(3)(a) and (b) and cited in Appendix X1 including the continuing obligation not to impede the integrity and effectiveness of activity and use limitations (AULs), or the duty to take reasonable steps to prevent releases, or the duty to comply with legally required release reporting obligations).1.1.6 Other Federal, State, and Local Environmental Laws—This practice does not address requirements of any state or local laws or of any federal laws other than the All Appropriate Inquiries provisions of the LLPs. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local laws may impose environmental assessment obligations that are beyond the scope of this practice. Users should also be aware that there are likely to be other legal obligations with regard to hazardous substances or petroleum products discovered in, on, or at the subject property that are not addressed in this practice and that may pose risks of civil and/or criminal sanctions for non-compliance.31.1.7 Documentation—The scope of this practice includes research and reporting requirements that support the user's ability to qualify for the LLPs. As such, sufficient documentation of all sources, records, and resources utilized in conducting the inquiry required by this practice must be provided in the written report (refer to 8.1.9 and 12.2).1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this practice are (1) to synthesize and put in writing good commercial and customary practices for environmental site assessments for forestland or rural property; (2) to facilitate high quality, standardized environmental site assessments; (3) to provide a practical and reasonable standard practice for all appropriate inquiries; and (4) to clarify an industry standard for all appropriate inquiries in an effort to guide legal interpretation of the LLPs.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 Considerations Beyond —The use of this practice is strictly limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 13 of this practice identifies, for informational purposes, certain environmental conditions (for example, threatened and endangered species and non-point source considerations) that may exist on a forestland or rural property that are beyond the scope of this practice, but may warrant discussion between the environmental professional and the user about a forestland or rural property transaction. The need to include an investigation of any such conditions in the environmental professional's scope of services should be evaluated based upon, among other factors, the nature of the subject property and the reasons for performing the assessment (for example, a more comprehensive evaluation of business environmental risk), and should be agreed upon between the user and environmental professional as additional services beyond the scope of this practice prior to initiation of the environmental site assessment process.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations and should be supplemented by education, experience, and professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard practice does not necessarily represent the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

This specification covers cold-drawn, stress-relieved carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements. The bars are furnished in two classes, A and B. Class A are normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds, squares, hexagons, and flats. Class B are heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds and hexagons. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The cast or heat analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified. Tension test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers two classes, nine grades, and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars produced to mechanical property requirements. One class, B, is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy) drafts to provide higher strength levels, and four grades provide improved machinability.1.2 Supplementary Requirements, S1 through S6, of an optional nature are provided.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Rubber products, such as hydraulic seals on aircraft, submarine hatch gaskets, and hydraulic brake cups, may be exposed to varying temperature extremes. This test method provides a means of determining the extent to which recovery from compression at normal ambient temperatures is inhibited upon release of the compressive force during subsequent exposure at low temperatures.1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the ability of vulcanized rubbers that have been compressed at room temperature and then subjected to low temperature (air or carbon dioxide atmosphere), to recover from deformation when taken from the clamping device while still at the low temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice identifies cost-effective sales as a business process of the entity. The central objective is to ensure that assets are sold in a manner best suited to meet the goals of the entity.5.2 This practice provides options and considerations to take into account to effectively manage the entity’s assets when considering asset sales.1.1 This practice encompasses how assets may be sold.1.2 Sales of assets may be done when assets used by the entity are no longer required, or to sell assets acquired for the purpose of sale or re-sale. The objectives of a sale will vary by entity; for instance, the goal may be to facilitate the replacement of assets, to obtain needed funds from sales proceeds, or simply to remove assets from the entity’s control and management.1.3 This practice does not include sales requirements or restrictions specific to any regulatory body or the various levels of government in which an entity operates. However, this practice provides the entity options for flexibility to best integrate those external requirements.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车