5.1 This guide may be useful to forensic engineers, courts, jurists, attorneys, insurance adjusters, and clients of forensic engineers. Although this guide is directed to the practice of forensic engineering, its description of the elements of investigative reports may be useful to practitioners in other disciplines that embrace scientific laws and theories.5.2 This guide is based on Guide E2713, which discusses elements of the practice of forensic engineering and provides suggested readings which may be of interest to those creating (or reading) forensic engineering reports.5.3 This guide is informational and not mandatory. Not all items necessarily apply to all forensic engineering reports. Practitioners should adopt the requirements stated herein as appropriate to their individual situations.1.1 This document provides guidance on the purpose, content, and limitations of forensic engineering expert reports, and it discusses report representation in electronic form.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The test procedures and interlaboratory study report that result from coordinator compliance with this Practice are intended to include all information required for an ASTM Test Method and its associated Research Report; the interlaboratory study is to be conducted in compliance with Practice E691, also as required for an ASTM Test Method.3 The reason that the content of this Practice is not prepared as an actual ASTM Test Method is as follows. ASTM regulations preclude reference (in a Standard) to patented or otherwise proprietary test apparatus where “alternatives exist”.4 While a proprietary apparatus may be mentioned in the Test Method’s Research Report, this would prevent the Test Method from being a standalone document containing all information necessary for testing. As such, a standalone Test Method could only be for a non-proprietary apparatus design, with this design expressed in terms of physical characteristics and performance specifications sufficient to enable the reader to fabricate their own “identical” copy of the design. Further, to achieve consensus approval and publication of such a Test Method, it could be considered necessary that ILS results for this design include data from devices made by different entities. However, typical walkway tribometer designs (versus other types of test apparatus) are sufficiently complex that full documentation of all performance-affecting physical characteristics (sufficient that a reader could build one) may be impractical. European standard EN 16165 Annexes C and D illustrate what physical and performance characteristics are and are not documented in that standard’s specifications for two non-proprietary tribometers. In general, each different tribometer design may have advantages and disadvantages for testing different surfaces, and this Practice provides a rigorous and standardized structure for creating tribometer test procedures and interlaboratory study reports that would comply with the requirements for ASTM Test Methods, were it practical to create such test methods. It is recognized that a coordinator’s claim of compliance with this practice should be evaluated by the user, as formal consensus approval of the coordinator’s outputs will not have occurred.5.2 If compliance with this practice is claimed by a coordinator, all steps in Section 6 shall have been followed.5.3 The user can benefit from ILS reports and test procedures prepared in compliance with this standard, as there are potentially ~150 different elements (in Annex A1) of apparatus and methodological specifics, and it is important to note that the burden for specifying this information rests with the coordinator, not the user. The information will be there for the user if they want it.5.4 Precision statistics obtained in an ILS conducted on a single sample of a particular reference material will not capture the frictional variability that exists between different samples of that same reference material. The ILS test procedure may not capture the frictional variability that exists within a single sample of that reference material. The ILS test procedure will not evaluate the stability of the frictional characteristics of a reference material with repeated use over time. While outside the scope of this practice, the homogeneity and stability of reference materials are relevant to the interpretation and utilization of ILS results. Refer to ISO Guide 35 for a discussion of these topics.5.5 Friction measurements represent characteristics of a surface at the time of testing; the available friction of the surface after use may change significantly. As with reference materials, the measured friction of one sample of a manufactured walkway surface may not represent the friction of other samples of the same product.5.6 Obtaining test results is one part of a multi-part process of determining whether the available friction of an underfoot surface is adequate. Appendix X1 outlines a set of standards the F13.10 subcommittee intends to develop towards this goal.1.1 This practice covers creation of interlaboratory study reports and test procedures for the use of portable walkway tribometers for obtaining walkway surface friction measurements.1.2 This practice does not address the interpretation of data relative to pedestrian safety.1.3 This practice does not address the suitability of a walkway surface for a particular application.1.4 This practice does not directly address the important issue of the frictional homogeneity and stability of reference materials and in-use walkway materials.1.5 Conformance to this practice does not result in an ASTM Test Method.1.6 Values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 In this specification, the standard of performance for weather information reports, analyses, and services performed by a weather information provider (WIP) in support of extensible traffic management (xTM) systems, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) systems operating from the surface to 5000 ft (1524 m) above ground level (AGL) are addressed.1.2 This specification does not define how to report a meteorological aerodrome report (METAR). This specification supports evolving international and the sovereign civil aviation authority (CAA) and air navigation service provider (ANSP) regulations.1.3 Relationship to International WIP Standards—One objective of this specification is to harmonize the standard across CAAs internationally to enable subject matter compatibility across standards developed by other standards development organizations (SDOs). The existence of multiple standards for the same subject matter can occur when a region’s regulator requires that a necessary standard be developed by a particular SDO. In these cases, ASTM International may seek to establish a cooperative arrangement with the applicable SDO to ensure consistency between the related standards.1.4 This specification provides an initial version to provide guidance to commercial aviation operations including, but not limited to, UAS and VTOL users, for weather measurements and analyses. Research and development activities will continue to inform and lead to modifications to this specification.1.5 This specification will not cover the standard of performance for weather forecasts.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide identifies concepts for assessing the continued applicability of fire test reports for reaction to fire tests as used in building regulation. It provides guidance to users and requesters of test reports for reaction to fire tests, developed in accordance with the fire response test standards, such as those from ASTM, UL, or NFPA, to determine the continued applicability of a fire test report for regulatory use. This guide is not applicable to test reports for fire resistance.5.2 This guide assumes that a fire test report generated by a test laboratory represents the performance of the material or product in accordance with the fire test standard identified in the report at the time a specific material or product was tested.5.3 This guide is not designed to assist in determining the continued applicability of a material or product that is listed, labeled, or given in an evaluation report.5.4 This guide is not designed to assist in determining whether a test laboratory conducted the test reference in the fire test report in accordance with a standard test protocol.5.5 This guide is not designed to assist in determining whether the fire test laboratory issuing a fire test report met the requirements of competence of testing and calibration methods.45.6 This guide is not designed to assist in determining the applicability of a fire test report with respect to the measurement uncertainty developed in accordance with Guide E2536.5.7 Do not consider issuance of a new edition with only editorial changes (as notated in ASTM by “epsilon or ɛ” ) or with a reapproval date, as a new edition containing a technical change.1.1 This guide contains concepts that provide guidance for assessing the continued applicability of fire test reports for reaction to fire tests on materials or products used in building regulation.1.2 This guide describes how sponsors and users of fire test reports for reaction to fire tests can assess whether existing reports continue being applicable: (1) to the materials or products currently being offered for use, and (2) to a building regulation that references a different edition of the test standard. This guide is intended to identify conditions that may cause a fire test report for reaction to fire tests, which was valid when prepared, to no longer be an appropriate tool upon which decisions about the materials or products can be based.1.3 Application of this guide is dependent on the technical changes in the fire test standard that could impact the test results and thus the classification of the material or product. Application of this guide will be better facilitated when fire test standards include explicit documentation of significant historical technical changes.1.4 This guide does not address fire test reports relating to fire resistance tests.1.5 The determination of the validity of a fire test report is outside the scope of this guide.1.6 Fire test reports or certificates on assemblies are outside the scope of this guide.1.7 Fire test reports or certificates on materials or products listed, labeled and inspected by a certification agency are outside the scope of this guide.NOTE 1: Certification agencies have their own criteria to assess the continued applicability of fire test reports.1.8 Some concepts contained in this guide may not be applicable to all fire test reports since they are a function of the type of fire test conducted and of the type of material or product assessed.1.9 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This Technical Report (TR) provides: - a description of the ISO/IEC 8802-2 LLC addressing conventions, and - the consideration for the manner in which new LLC address uses are assigned a value.

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