4.1 The test method was developed for determining the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fracture resistance can help differentiate asphalt mixtures whose service life might be compromised by cracking. The test method is generally valid for specimens that are tested at temperatures of 10 °C or below (see Note 1). The specimen geometry is readily adapted to 150 mm diameter specimens, such as fabricated from Superpave (trademark) gyratory compactors (Test Method D6925), which are used for the asphalt mixture design process. The specimen geometry can also be adapted for forensic investigations using field cores of pavements where thin lifts are present. This geometry has been found to produce satisfactory results for asphalt mixtures with nominal maximum aggregates size ranging from 4.75 to 19 mm (2).NOTE 1: The stiffness of the asphalt binder tends to influence the assessment of a valid test as described in 7.4. For instance, a soft asphalt binder which may be required for a very cold climate might not lead to a mixture that would produce valid results at +10 °C and, conversely, a hard asphalt binder utilized in hot climates may require higher temperatures to provide any meaningful information.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this test method are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results may depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidelines provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.NOTE 3: The failure mechanism experienced in this test is influenced by the aggregate type due to the interactive effect of asphalt binder stiffness and aggregate quality on the fracture path and, therefore, fracture energy values. At high values of asphalt binder stiffness, similar to those experienced near the low-temperature performance grade of the asphalt binder, the crack will travel around the aggregate when the mixture includes hard, non-absorptive (for example, granite, trap rock) aggregates resulting in a longer crack path and higher values of fracture energy. For softer, more absorptive aggregates, the crack will travel through the aggregate, shortening the crack path and leading to lower values of fracture energy (3). Due to the influence of aggregate type on fracture energy, mixture design and/or binder grade adjustments in mixes that use softer aggregates may not be sufficient in improving fracture energy to meet a target value.1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture energy (Gf) of asphalt mixtures using the disk-shaped compact tension geometry. The disk-shaped compact tension geometry is a circular specimen with a single edge notch loaded in tension. The fracture energy can be utilized as a parameter to describe the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fracture energy parameter is particularly useful in the evaluation of asphalt mixtures with ductile asphalt binders, such as polymer-modified asphalt mixture, and has been shown to discriminate between these materials more broadly than the indirect tensile strength parameter (AASHTO T 322, Ref (1)).2 The test is generally valid at temperatures of 10 °C and below, or for material and temperature combinations which produce valid material fracture, as outlined in 7.4.1.2 The specimen geometry and terminology (disk-shaped compact tension, DC(T)) is modeled after Test Method E399 for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials, Appendix A6, with modifications to allow fracture testing of asphalt mix.1.3 The test method describes the testing apparatus, instrumentation, specimen fabrication, and analysis procedures required to determine fracture energy of asphalt mixture and similar quasi-brittle materials.1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductors, steel supported (ACSS/TW) for use as overhead electrical conductors. Electric-butt welds, cold-pressure welds, and electric-butt, cold upsed welds in the finished individual aluminum wires composing the conductor may be made during the stranding process. The electrical resistivity of the material shall meet the minimum resistivity specified. The rated strength of the completed conductor may be determined by mechanical tests. Mass and density of the conductors shall be determined.1.1 This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductors, steel supported (ACSS/TW) for use as overhead electrical conductors (see Explanatory Note 1).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil sizes, the requirements in SI units are numerically converted from the corresponding requirements in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 ACSS/TW is designed to increase the aluminum area for a given diameter of conductor by the use of trapezoidal shaped wires (TW), or to reduce the diameter for a given area of aluminum. The conductors consist of a central core of round steel wire(s) surrounded by two or more layers of trapezoidal aluminum 1350-0 wires. Different strandings of the same size of conductor are identified by type, which is the approximate ratio of steel area to aluminum area expressed in percent (see Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3). For the purpose of this specification, the sizes listed in Table 1 and Table 2 are tabulated on the basis of the finished conductor having an area or outside diameter equal to that of specified sizes of standard ACSR, ACSS, and ACSR/TW so as to facilitate conductor selection.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1. Scope 1.1 This Standard specifies the requirements for zinc coating (galvanizing) by the hot-dipping process on iron and steel products made from rolled, pressed, or forged shapes such as structural sections, plates, bars, pipes, or sheets 1 mm thi

定价： 364元 / 折扣价： 310 元

5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are not duplicated, this test method will assist in indicating those materials which do not act to aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire.5.2 This test method does not apply to laminated or coated materials.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.5.4 When appropriate pass/fail criteria are applied, materials that are reported as passing this test by complying with those criteria (such as the ones in Appendix X2) are typically classified as noncombustible materials.1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determination under specified laboratory conditions of the combustibility of building materials. Under certain conditions, with the appropriate pass/fail criteria, the results from this test are used to classify materials as noncombustible materials.1.2 Limitations of this fire-test response test method are shown below.1.2.1 This test method does not apply to laminated or coated materials.1.2.2 This test method is not suitable or satisfactory for materials that soften, flow, melt, intumesce or otherwise separate from the measuring thermocouple.1.2.3 This test method does not provide a measure of an intrinsic property.1.2.4 This test method does not provide a quantitative measure of heat generation or combustibility; it simply serves as a test method with selected (end point) measures of combustibility.1.2.5 This test method does not measure the self-heating tendencies of materials.1.2.6 In this test method materials are not being tested in the nature and form used in building aplications. The test specimen consists of a small, specified volume that is either (1) cut from a thick sheet; (2) assembled from multiple thicknesses of thin sheets; or (3) placed in a container if composed of grarnular powder or loose fiber materials.1.2.7 Results from this test method apply to the specific test apparatus and test conditions and are likely to vary when changes are made to one or more of the following: (1) the size, shape, and arrangement of the specimen; (2) the distribution of organice content; (3) the exposure temperature; (4) the air supply; (5) the location of thermocouples.1.3 This test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182:2010 (see also Annex A2 and 6.4.5).NOTE 1: While developed as technically equivalent to ISO 1182:2010, a change implemented in ISO 1182:2020 added a second furnace thermocouple to that standard, while this test method continues to use one furnace thermocouple.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 The test procedure provides a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance and rejection under specifications and for special purposes.4.2 The data obtained by this test method is applicable to the material under the conditions of this particular test and are not necessarily the same as obtained under other environments in use.1.1 This test method is used to determine the volume and density of irregularly shaped molded products.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor (AAC/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors. The trapezoidal aluminum wires shall meet the prescribed tensile strength and elongation requirements. Electric-butt welds, electric-butt cold-upset welds, or cold-pressure welds may be made in the individual aluminum wires during the stranding process. Requirements for the lay and construction of the conductor are detailed. The methods of determining the rated strength, breaking strength, mass, and electrical resistance are given. Tests for mechanical and electrical properties of aluminum wires shall be made before stranding. For the purpose of calculating mass per unit length, cross-sections, and the like, the density of aluminum to be taken is specified.1.1 This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor (AAC/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of temperature and resistivity. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.NOTE 1: AAC/TW is designed to increase the aluminum area for a given diameter of conductor by the use of trapezoidally shaped wires (TW). The conductors consist of a central core of one round aluminum wire or a seven-strand compact round core surrounded by two or more layers of trapezoidal aluminum 1350-H19 wires. For the purposes of this specification, the sizes listed are tabulated on the basis of the finished conductor having an area equal to that of specific sizes of standard AAC (Table 1) or in fixed diameter increments (Table 2) so as to facilitate conductor selection.NOTE 2: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI Standard H 35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System (UNS) A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors. Requirements for (1) wire stranding (2) tensile strength and elongation, (3) joints such as electric-butt welds, electric-butt cold-upset welds, or cold-pressure welds, and (4) lay length, diameter, direction, and factor are detailed. The construction requirements include: nominal aluminum cross sectional area, conductor type, nominal number of aluminum wires, number of layers, number and diameter of the steel core wire, mass per unit length, rated strength, and outside diameter of the shaped wire compact. The methods of determining mass per unit length, cross-section, and electrical resistance of the stranded conductor are given. Mechanical and electrical tests shall be performed before stranding.1.1 This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: ACSR/TW is designed to increase the aluminum area for a given diameter of conductor by the use of trapezoidally shaped wires (TW). The conductors consist of a central core of round steel wire(s) surrounded by two or more layers of trapezoidal aluminum 1350-H19 wires. Different strandings of the same size of conductor are identified by type, which is the approximate ratio of steel area to aluminum area expressed in percent (Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3). For the purpose of this specification, the sizes listed in Table 1 and Table 2 are tabulated on the basis of the finished conductor having an area or outside diameter equal to that of specific sizes of standard ACSR so as to facilitate conductor selection.NOTE 2: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI Standard H 35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System (UNS) A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车