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5.1 This practice serves the purpose of measuring snow sports freestyle terrain jump features and may be used as a method for recreating jumps in the field or two-dimensional jump profiles of existing jumps.1.1 This practice is intended to standardize field measurements of existing snow sport freestyle terrain park jumps. It does not cover other types of terrain park features or asymmetric jumps.1.2 This practice is for measuring jumps that are used in public access snow sport freestyle terrain parks discussed in Terminology F3237.1.3 For features with multiple takeoffs, each takeoff should be considered as an independent jump and measured according to this practice.1.4 The depictions and terrain features used in this standard are intended to aid understanding the definitions and methods and are not intended to depict or describe how any particular terrain park jump or its component features should be designed, built or maintained. Some terrain park features may use components that are not depicted or described in this standard, or they may use different configurations or combinations of components, or they may not incorporate all of the components depicted or defined in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of snow sport terrain park features. Snow sports and the use of terrain park features involve inherent risks, and a terrain park feature that complies with all applicable standards or guidelines cannot eliminate all risks associated with terrain park features. Therefore, it is to be clearly understood that compliance with these applicable standards or guidelines in no way guarantees that injury can be prevented.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2966-19 Standard Guide for Snow and Ice Control for Walkway Surfaces Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

4.1 This guide outlines key elements of snow and ice control on walkway surfaces.1.1 This guide covers snow and ice control procedures. It is intended to recommend known methods to bring about reasonably safe walkways where snow and ice may impact the safety of pedestrians.1.2 Conformance with this guide will not alleviate all snow and ice hazards; however, conformance represents a reasonable effort to reduce pedestrian risks associated with snow and ice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 A standard terminology is needed to allow freestyle terrain park designers, builders, ski resorts, accident investigators, and scientists to use a common language in describing freestyle terrain park jumps and related parameters for a jumper using the feature.2.2 Angles are taken with respect to horizontal, with positive values indicating an increase in elevation and negative values indicating a decrease in elevation along the path of travel for a terrain park participant using the jump.1.1 This terminology covers the terms required to describe a cross sectional profile of a snow sport freestyle terrain park jump and related parameters for a jumper using the feature and does not cover any other terrain park feature.1.2 The terms are presented in a sequence considered to be the most logical with definitions presented later calling upon those presented earlier. This terminology standard does not require the use of any specific units; Imperial units (feet, seconds, degrees) or metric units (meters, seconds, degrees) can be used.1.3 The depictions used in this standard are intended to aid in understanding the definitions and are not intended to depict or describe how any particular terrain park jump or its component features should be designed, built or maintained. Some terrain park jumps may use different configurations or combinations of features, or they may not incorporate all of the features depicted or defined in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of snow sport terrain park features. Snow sports and the use of terrain park features involve inherent risks, and a terrain park feature that complies with all applicable standards or guidelines cannot eliminate all risks associated with terrain park features. Therefore, it is to be clearly understood that compliance with these applicable standards or guidelines in no way guarantees that injury can be prevented.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide is intended to act as an aid during the planning, risk management, design, renovation, construction, and ongoing maintenance phases of a project by persons/entities involved (including, engineers, architects, project management personnel/facilities management, contractors, inspectors, risk managers, safety committees, government agencies, and snow removal companies and owners) to reduce snow and ice slip hazards on walkway surfaces. This guide is also intended to complement aspects from Guide F2966 to promote the management of snow and ice on premises using prevention through design strategies.1.1 This guide covers design, planning, construction, renovation, maintenance, and risk management considerations of the physical exterior property with regard to snow and ice management for the purpose of reducing the risk of pedestrian slips. The provisions in this guide may also apply to the analysis of existing properties.1.2 Conformance with this guide may reduce, but will not eliminate, the potential for slip incidents in which the presence or accumulation of snow and ice on walkways may be a contributing factor.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers reflectorized thermoplastic based pavement striping material of the class that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion or ribbon extrusion means. It deals with longitudinal applications in non snow plow areas, standard (non-profile) pavement marking applications, and applications on smooth asphalt or concrete surfaces. It does not include asphalt seal coat applications, which use large aggregate resulting in a very rough, open grade finish. This specification establishes requirements with respect to chemical composition and physical property of the thermoplastic pavement marking material, requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application, field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and material application requirements.1.1 This specification covers a reflectorized thermoplastic-based pavement striping material of the class that is applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion or ribbon extrusion means. Retroreflectivity of the pavement marking compound is achieved initially by surface application of retroreflective optics at the time of pavement marking application. Upon cooling to normal pavement temperature, the pavement marking material produces an adherent reflectorized stripe of specified thickness and width capable of resisting deformation by traffic. The pavement marking compound includes retroreflective optics (glass beads or composite optics, or both) that are incorporated into the material at the time of manufacture that provide retroreflective properties during the service life of the material.1.1.1 This specification is limited to:1.1.1.1 Longitudinal applications in non snow plow areas,1.1.1.2 Standard (non-profile) pavement marking applications, and1.1.1.3 Applications on smooth asphalt or concrete surfaces. Asphalt seal coat applications, which use large aggregate resulting in a very rough, open grade finish, are excluded from this specification.1.1.2 This specification includes:1.1.2.1 Compositional and physical property requirements of the thermoplastic pavement marking material,1.1.2.2 Requirements for the optics that are used to reflectorize the thermoplastic pavement marking material after application,1.1.2.3 Field performance requirements for the installed thermoplastic pavement markings, and1.1.2.4 Material application requirements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pounds units are to be regarded as the standard except where noted in the document. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification defines performance requirements for helmets used in nonmotorized recreational snow sports. The hot, cold, and wet helmets shall be subjected to the dynamic strength retention test. The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positional stability (roll-off) test. Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification are described as follows: flat anvil, hemispherical anvil, and edge anvil. All impacting shall be performed in accordance with the specified requirements.1.1 This specification defines performance requirements for helmets used in nonmotorized recreational snow sports (such as skiing, snowboarding, and other alpine sports). This specification is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design. Although a helmet that meets this specification will help reduce the risk of some types of injuries to the head at slower speeds, the protection is limited. The user is responsible for participating in the sport within his/her abilities and the nature of the snow conditions which may vary widely. Compliance with the common sense rules of the sport's safety, including any applicable responsibility codes, is essential to help reduce the risk of personal injury.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted herein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the standard and should not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method describes a technique for assessing the performance characteristics of tires in a winter environment on snow and ice surfaces. When snow is referred to hereafter, ice is implied as appropriate.5.2 The measured values quantify the dynamic longitudinal traction properties of tires under driving torque. Dynamic traction properties are obtained on snow surfaces prepared in accordance with the stated test procedures and attempts to quantify the tires' performance when integrated into a vehicle-environmental system. Changing any one of these environmental factors will change the measurements obtained on a subsequent test run.5.3 This test method addresses longitudinal driving traction properties only on snow and ice surfaces. Refer to Test Methods F1572 for test methods for braking and lateral traction properties on snow or ice, or both.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the driving traction of passenger car and light truck tires while traveling in a straight line on snow- or ice-covered surfaces.1.2 This test method utilizes a dedicated, instrumented, four-wheel rear-wheel drive test vehicle with a specially instrumented drive axle to measure fore-aft and vertical forces acting on a single driven test tire.1.3 This test method is suitable for research and development purposes where tires are compared during a single series of tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance because the values obtained may not necessarily agree or correlate either in rank order or absolute traction performance level with those obtained under other environmental conditions on other surfaces or the same surface after additional use.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Ordinarily, N and kN should be used as units of force. This standard may utilize kgf as a unit of force in order to accommodate the use of load and pressure tables, as found in other standards both domestic and global that are commonly used with this standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods describe techniques for assessing the performance characteristics of tires in a winter environment on snow and ice surfaces in a standardized manner. When only snow is referred to hereafter, it should be understood that ice is implied as appropriate.5.2 A series of maneuvers are conducted to characterize several aspects of the tire performance in snow, since a single maneuver is not sufficient to characterize all aspects of a tire's performance.1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of tire performance on snow and ice surfaces utilizing passenger car or light truck vehicles. Since the tires are evaluated as part of a tire/vehicle system, the conclusions reached may not be applicable to the same tires tested on a different vehicle.1.2 These test methods do not purport to identify every maneuver useful for determining tire performance in a winter environment.1.3 These test methods are not meant to evaluate vehicle performance. Allowing for the variability of test results with different vehicles, these procedures have been developed and selected to evaluate relative tire-snow performance.1.4 These test methods are suitable for research and development purposes, where tires are compared during a single series of tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance because the values obtained may not necessarily agree or correlate either in rank order or absolute traction performance level with those obtained under other environmental conditions on other surfaces or the same surface after additional use.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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